THE GOLD STANDARD MICRO-SCALE SCHEME PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM - Version 2.2

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1 THE GOLD STANDARD MICRO-SCALE SCHEME PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM - Version 2.2 CONTENTS A. General description of the micro scale project activity B. Application of an existing or new baseline and monitoring methodology C. Duration of the project activity and crediting period D. Stakeholders comments Annexes Annex 1 - Contact information on participants in the proposed micro scale project activity Annex 2 PIN Annex 3 Details on Africompost Annex 4 Contract linking ENPRO Gevalor and GoodPlanet Annex 5 Details on municipal waste management Annex 6 Information regarding Public Funding Annex 7 Pictures of the SWDS Annex 8 Climatic data letter from the general metrology department in French and translation in English Annex 9 Full VER calculation sheet Annex 10 Sampling plan Annex 11 Waste characterization Annex 12 Detailed monitoring program and forms 1

2 Annex 13 Stakeholders meeting details Annex 14 Blank evaluation form French and translated Annex 15 Power point presentation of the meeting in French Annex 16 Stakeholders meeting report in French Annex 17 Environmental impact study s conclusion translated in English. Annex18 Report waste in Lome from the technical services division of the City council in French Annex 19 - Thesis n «Valorisation des déchets solides urbains dans les quartiers de Lomé (Togo) : approche méthodologique pour une production durable de compost» by Dr E. K. Koledzi, defended on February 2011 in French Annex 20 - translation of selected annex and sections from French to English. 2

3 SECTION A. General description of micro-scale project activity A.1 Title of the micro-scale project activity: Composting of municipal organic waste in Lomé (GS 1147) PDD Version 4: June 2014 A.2. Project participants: ENPRO is a Togolese NGO founded in 1999 by six students concerned about the problems of waste management in Lomé. The NGO was first founded to collect waste in the district of Agbalepedogan and Djidjolé. Since 2009 ENPRO has contracted with the city council, for collecting waste in the zone of Agbalepedogan. In August 2011, ENPRO started a pilot phase of the composting unit. The PIN of the composting project was approved in July 2010 (see Annex 2). They were supported and had a technical assistance from the Cefrepade, a French NGO, and the University of Limoges. At the date of writing the PDD, ENPRO employs around 40 people. Gevalor is a French association, created in 2004 and developing solutions for waste management, which are adapted to the specific conditions of the developing countries. Gevalor supports its local partners in the development of their projects and in the access to carbon credits in order to allow them to reach a technical and financial autonomy. Since 2010, Gevalor works with ENPRO to develop a composting platform in Lomé. GoodPlanet is a foundation created in 2005 to raise public awareness of environmental protection and to bring concrete solutions to the Earth s ecological crisis. With its program Action Carbone, GoodPlanet develops and supports community-based projects with strong environmental, economical and social benefits. Etc Terra is a French association implementing projects that combine economic dynamism and natural preservation in developing countries. Since July2012, GoodPlanet has delegated to Etc Terra a part of the coordination activities, technical support and expertise of Africompost project. See Annex 1 for contact information of project participants. Africompost is a joined program between Gevalor, GoodPlanet and Etc Terra to support the development of six composting units in Africa. See Annex 3 for more details on Africompost, and Annex 4 for the contract linking ENPRO, GoodPlanet and Gevalor. 3

4 A.3 Description of the micro-scaleproject activity: A.3.1. Location of the micro-scale project activity: The project is located in the 5 th district of Lomé, Togo. A Host Country: Togo A Region/State/Province etc.: Région Maritime A City/Town/Community etc: Lomé A Details of physical location, including information allowing the unique identification of this micro-scale project activity: The composting unit is situated in north-western Lomé, in the 5 th district of the city. The district is called Adidogomé, and the street is called rue Melonkou. Right at the end of that street, close to the border with Ghana, is the composting site. The geographic coordinates of the composting unit are: E 01 10' 54", N 06 10' 3"; and elevation: 30m. After a while it is possible that this available space would not be enough for the increasing production, another site would be added, but will stay within the project boundary (see B.3). 4

5 Figure 1 : Map of Lomé and Togo, localizing both Lomé, and the platform within Lomé A.3.2. Description including technology and/or measure of the micro-scale project activity: The objective of the proposed project is the implementation of a composting unit for the organic fraction of the domestic waste of Lomé (Togo). Lomé, a inhabitants city, is producing yearly about (+/-15 %) tons (wet basis) of waste, 91 % of them being collected and disposed on an official solid waste disposal site (SWDS), which has already reached its maximum storage capacity. An extension of the disposal site is currently used. The situation is described by the municipality in Annex 5. The baseline corresponds to the situation of the legal framework where the municipality has contracted associations and firms to collect the domestic waste generated by the inhabitant and stockpile them in a SWDS (solid waste disposal site): this situation is business as usual in Togo. The quantity of waste per inhabitant (168 kg/inhabitant/year or 0.46 kg/inh/day) is consistent with published data 1. The percentage of organic matter is around 40%; the main part of the other fraction, 1 - Charnay F., (2005). Compostage des déchets urbains dans les pays en Développement : élaboration d une méthodologie pour une production pérenne de compost. Thèse de Doctorat, Université de Limoges (France), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 277p. - The Growing Complexities and Challenges of Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries Sandra Cointreau, Solid Waste Management Advisor, The World Bank September

6 inerts, being mainly sand. Due to the climate, the waste water content can be variable following the season, from 14% during dry season up to 40% during rainy season. ENPRO has the objective to compost an increasing quantity of the organic waste fraction to produce valuable compost. The increase of treatment capacity is progressive and should reach about tons (wet basis) per year. The proposed project technology corresponds to a Biological Mechanical Treatment (BMT). A BMT system is a form of waste processing operation that combines a physical treatment (both manual and mechanical) and a biological treatment. In developed countries, BMT are increasingly used, due to regulations controlling the amount of organic matter allowed in landfills. In the proposed project, the biological treatment (composting) takes place during the fermentation in piles or windrows. Composting consists in the bio-degradation of organic matter in aerobic conditions; the composting parameters like temperature and aeration are continuously controlled by the production team. The physical part of the process is largely carried out manually to save both on energy and investment costs. The technology includes: Manual sorting to remove coarse elements and inorganic waste components, including sand and waste presenting a risk of contaminating compost, Coarse elements are broken if possible or cute to be composted, Figure 2 : Waste sorting Windrows preparation and control of biodegradation conditions by manual turn-overs, Figure 3 : Watering compost windrow Screening by manual screens or mechanical trommel. Figure 4 : Compost screening 6

7 The combination of the sorting out in the waste entering the process (waste suspected to contain possibly heavy metals or persistent organic pollutants as some industrial waste or medical/hospital waste would be diverted from composting), the elimination of pollution sources during the process (as batteries, glass fragments, electronic devices or plastics), the strict control of oxidation and temperature sanitizing the compost will warranty the absence of dangerous impurities in the final product. As the production increase is progressive, it makes possible: - to allocate investment during various years, - to train workers to such new process, - to develop the compost market meanwhile, - to allow the municipality to adapt itself to the new situation. ENPRO has the availability of a m² land field. The entities collecting waste in the surroundings of the composting site deliver the waste to the composting unit, where waste is sorted out. The inert fractions -non compostable- returned to the nearest transit center from where they are taken care of by a private firm, under contract with the municipality, to take the waste to the final solid waste disposal site (SWDS). The considered capacity treatment of ENPRO should increase as follows, preference being given to the treatment of waste richer in organics (as market waste - green waste empty fruit bunches). Year Household waste (wet tons) Bio waste 2 (wet tons) Total 1 : : : : : : : Bio waste is defined as waste very rich in organic matter, such as empty fruit bunches, or waste from enterprises that transform fruits and vegetables. 7

8 8 : : : The project, which has been preceded by an experimental pilot operation, comprises: The progressive transformation of the experimental plant into a commercial plant for waste sorting and composting, which should reach after 4 years the yearly input capacity of tons (wet basis) or 100 tons per working day (six days per week). The corresponding compost production is considered to be about 6000 tons per year. The creation of jobs: workers are in charge of the sorting of entering waste, their handling on the site, constitution and turning of windrows, screening and handling of compost, maintenance of the composting site and equipment. To keep the investment low, save energy and keep a high employment, the mechanization of the process will stay at a low level. The optimization of the process parameters to improve productivity and to control greenhouse gases production through aeration, temperature and oxygen monitoring (the process includes a permanent oxygen monitoring system with a portable oxygen meter). The development of the compost market around the city, through demonstration operations: such market development is a prerequisite for the sustainability of the approach, after the end of the crediting periods. The project will be the first domestic waste composting site in Togo working on a commercial basis. The effects of the project on the improvement of the local life conditions and on the local economic development are strong and could be declined following the three environmental, economic and social dimensions of the sustainable development. By diverting organics from anaerobic fermentation producing methane on the SWDS, the process will avoid methane emissions. Based on investigations and calculation, the project will save around tons of CO 2 eq over a 10 years crediting period from 2013 to The investment will take place during the period The beginning of crediting period is January 1 st Thanks to the composting unit, the SWDS will have a longer lifetime as less waste will be disposed, the neighborhood will be cleaner, soils and underground water will be less polluted. The City Council, saving money, would be able to reinvest it in order to improve the collecting system. It should be mentioned that the existing farming activity around Lomé has not the capacity to satisfy the city food requirement. The main obstacles to farming development around Lomé are poor soil quality (sandy soils), lack of amendments, and lack of water availability during the dry season. The addition of compost to cultivated soils brings organic matter, fertilizing elements and enhances their water retention capacity; it also contributes to minimize erosion. On a long term basis, compost is 8

9 cheaper than chemical fertilizer, saving money for the agriculture and market gardeners. The project will create jobs, mainly for less educated and marginalized people (a part being women). The people employed on the composting site will preferentially be informal reintegrated into the system, given a job with a regular salary and hygienic and secured work conditions. It can be moreover pointed out that the chemical fertilizer consumption will be reduced thus improving the food quality and inhabitants health. The project will thus contribute to a sustainable development of the city. A.3.3 Estimated amount of emission reductions over the chosen crediting period: The ten years crediting period will allow around tons of CO 2,eq emission reductions. Year Emission reduction Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Total reduction emission Average annual reduction emission A.3.4. Public funding of the micro-scale project activity: The project implementation is financed by different public fundings: The French Development Agency (AFD- Agence Française de Développement) and the French Global Environment Facility(FFEM - Fonds Français pour l Environnement Mondial) via the 9

10 Africompost program, The region Ile de France will directly fund the project in 2013 to invest in some equipment. Such fundings are used for the development of the project in the first years. After a first investment phase, the project is aimed to be financially autonomous by the selling of compost, VERs and other recycling products. Therefore, public fundings are not used to buy carbon credits, and then does not result in a diversion of official development assistance. In conclusion, ODA is used to support the development of the composting activity; VERs to be generated will be retailed to GoodPlanet partners in order to constitute a complementary income for the project. Please refer to ODA declaration form (Annex 6). SECTION B. Application of an existing baseline and monitoring methodology or of a new methodology submitted as part of this project activity B.1. Title and reference of the existing or new baseline and monitoring methodology applied to the micro-scale project activity: The project uses a CDM small scale methodology AMS.III-F: Avoidance of methane emissions through composting, version 11. In addition, the Methodological tool Emissions from solid waste disposal site, version 06.01, (EB 66, Annex 46, March 2th 2012) as well as the Tool to calculate project and/ or leakage emissions from electricity consumption, version 1 (EB 39 Annex 7May 16 th 2008) and the tool to calculate project and leakage emissions from composting versions , (EB 65, Annex 09,November 25 th 2011) are used. B.2 Justification of the choice of the methodology and applicability: The project qualifies as a type III small scale activity as it reduces GHG emissions in a quantity less than 60 ktco 2 e/yr and moreover qualifies as a micro scale project for Gold standard as it reduces less than 10 ktco 2 e/yr. It qualifies under category III.F as the composting activity will prevent methane from being produced in disposal sites by treating the waste aerobically. The organic matter will be treated using aerobic biological treatment and applied to soil under aerobic conditions, thus preventing methane from being produced through its anaerobic decay in disposal sites. The project does not include methane recovery or waste combustion. Technology / measure 1. This project is about treating by composting, which is a controlled aerobic treatment, (see A 3.2 project technology), waste that would otherwise have decayed anaerobically in a SWDS (see 10

11 B.4 description of baseline scenario) 2. The project activity does not recover or combust landfill gas from the disposal site it treats waste only by composting and does not undertake controlled combustion of the waste that is not treated biologically in a first step, the non-composted waste goes to the SWDS (see A.3.2). Project activities do not involve co-digestion of organic matters. 3. The project emission reductions are at the maximum of TCO 2 eq per year (see table A.3.3) thus less than tco 2 eq / year. 4. The project activity is about composting the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. See section A.3.2. It may include biomass waste from small agro industries. The project does not compost biomass waste from agricultural nor manure. 5. This project does not expand an existing project. 6. The project does not co-composts waste-water or solid biomass. 7. N/A 8. N/A 9. See hereafter boundary 10. The proper conditions of compost application to soil are insured by visiting regularly the clients and make sure they understood the application procedure. 11. The produced compost is treated neither thermally nor mechanically. Thus AMS III E is nonapplicable. 12. Produced compost will not be stored under anaerobic conditions. The conditions of compost soil application will be monitored, through in situ visits twice a year of the fields corresponding to 50 % of the compost tonnage sold in the previous semester. It will be checked that the compost is not buried deeper than 50 cm or in water saturated soils. Regarding 18 of the methodology, Leakage, the compost will not be disposed of in a SWDS, as it is entirely sold to people using it in soil. Leakage 17. Leakage effects does not need to be considered in this project as the project technology equipment is not transferred from another activity, nor is the existing equipment transferred to another activity. Commercial-scale domestic waste composting projects have not been implemented to date in the country, taking into consideration the initial barriers (investment, compost market development, operating cost, know-how 3 ). The assistance of carbon market constitutes an incentive to justify the risk involved in building domestic waste composting plants in Togo. 3 Thesis n «Valorisation des déchets solides urbains dans les quartiers de Lomé (Togo) : approche méthodologique pour une production durable de compost» by Dr E. K. Koledzi, defended on February

12 B.3. Description of the project boundary: Boundary The project boundary is the physical, geographical site: a) Where the solid waste would have been disposed and the methane emission occurs in absence of the proposed project activity; b) In the case of projects co-composting wastewater, where the co-composting wastewater would have been treated anaerobically in the absence of the project activity; c) Where the treatment of biomass through composting takes place; d) Where the products from composting (compost) is handled, disposed, submitted to soil application, or treated thermally/mechanically; e) And the itineraries between them (a, b, c, and d), where the transportation of waste, wastewater, where applicable manure, product of treatment (compost) occurs. Here, then the project boundary includes: a- The solid waste disposal site (SWDS) where the waste would have been disposed 10km away from Lomé, in a suburb called Agoe N yivé. The coordinates of this SWDS are:n 6 14' 23- E 1 12' 49. c- The composting platform is located in the 5 th district of Lomé, in the northern part of the city. The coordinates are: N E d- The compost is mainly sold to the market gardeners in the port zone and to the farmers up north from Lomé, elsewise it is sold to people living within residential areas in Lomé, for use in their gardens. e- The itinerary between a, c and d is shown on the map here under. b does not appears as the project does not co-compost waste water. 12

13 N Waste collection zone Approximatelocation of SWDS Approximate location of the composting platform Compost selling zone Project boundaries 2cm = 3km Figure 5 : Project boundaries B.4. Description of the baseline and its development as per the chosen methodology: In Togo no legislation is enforcing the composting of organic waste or to collect or combust the landfill gas. Waste management is in charge of the municipalities 4. It implies disposal of waste and as a consequence, emissions of a large quantities of landfill gas directly into the atmosphere. As mentioned in the City s technical services letter (see Annex 5) in the absence of the project, the Municipality would collect these waste and stockpile them in the existing anaerobic managed SWDS (business as usual). Pictures of the final SWDS are available in Annex 7. The emission reductions linked to the decrease of chemical fertilizers needs, to the decrease of vegetable goods transport to Lomé on a distance of more than 200km or to the increase in crop production (CO 2 fixing) thanks to the use of compost are not claimed for. B.5. Description of how the anthropogenic emissions of GHG by sources are reduced below those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered micro-scale project activity: 4 Togolese Environmental law : «Loi n portant loi-cadre sur l environnement», article

14 In Togo, the majority of cities have a very poor waste management. In Lomé, according to the city council waste department data (appendix 5), 91% of waste are collected. Waste collection is organized in two parts: pre-collection operators are in charge of waste collection amongst households and transport them to transit sites. Collection companies then transport waste from transit sites to the waste disposal site. Waste are dumped in Agoe N yivé landfill, which is managed to avoid fires and other problems linked to waste decomposition. Landfilling consists in dumping the waste in one place, level them on a weekly basis with a bulldozer and leave them to decompose. Landfilling then results in landfill gas production that is emitted to the atmosphere in case it is not captured, which is the case in Lomé. (see Annex5, 7 and 18 for more details on waste management in Lomé). The project divert various organic wastes from landfilling towards a composting plant: instead of anaerobic conversion, resulting in methane production, the organic waste is aerobically degraded, producing only non-fossil C02. The project also emits GHG emissions, though very low. Those emissions come from electricity used for lighting on the platform and eventually for a trommel and offices. Project emissions are therefore far below baseline emissions. B.6 Emission reductions: B.6.1. Explanation of methodological options or description of new proposed approach: Baseline emissions: According to the section 14 of the methodology used in the project (AMS III-F / version 10), the baseline emissions are the amount of methane emitted from the decay of the degradable organic carbon in the biomass solid waste composted or anaerobically digested in the project activity: Where: BE CH4,SWDS,y Yearly Methane Generation Potential for the solid waste, fully taken into consideration according to the first order decay model as described in the Tool to determine methane emissions avoided from disposal of waste at a solid waste disposal site. BE ww,y Baseline emissions from the waste water co-composted. Not applicable as the current project does not 14

15 co-compost waster. BE CH4,manure,y Baseline emissions from manure composted by the project activities. Not applicable as no manure is being composted. MD y,reg * GWP CH4 Emissions of methane that would have to be captured fuelled or flared to comply with national or local safety requirement or legal regulations. Not applicable, as a throughout investigation done on Togo s environmental regulation demonstrated that the prevailing legislation at the date of writing the PDD doesn t impose methane capture or combustion. The methane emitted by the SWDS is not captured nor flared. Presently, there is no regulation regarding waste or SWDS management in Togo. An environmental law written on May 30 th does not impose any specific kind of waste treatment. As a consequence MD reg is zero. Then, the GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs for the baseline scenario are only the methane emissions avoided from preventing waste disposal at the solid waste disposal site: BE, y BE CH 4, SWDS y The equation for BE CH4,SWDS,y according to the methodology is: This equation implies that for waste composted in year x, emission reductions are produced in year x, but also in the following years. Thus, emission reductions in year 5 are the resultant of the waste treated on the five first years of the project. This is not consistent with the actual composting process which avoids methane emissions once waste is treated for the whole lifetime of organic content if aerobic conditions are well respected throughout the composting process. In order to better reflect the immediate benefits of the composting activity on the GHG emissions, the Lome composting project proposes to adapt the formula by affecting emission reduction to the year when the cause of the emission reduction would occur (year of deposit). This can be done directly on the baseline emission calculation. The adapted formula is as following: 5 Togolese Environmental law : «Loi n portant loi-cadre sur l environnement», article

16 Where: y = Current year of the crediting period for which methane emissions are calculated (y is a consecutive period of 12 months) Z = Final year considered for methane emissions calculation. Following suggestion by the GS TAC, Z =10 is used. This is conservative as it neglects the baseline GHG emissions which will be produced in anaerobic conditions after 10 years of waste decomposition. Project emissions: According to the Sections 15 to 21 of the AMS III-F methodology v.11, project activity emissions consist of the different emissions generated by the project activity: PE comp,y = PE EC,y + PE FC,y + PE CH4,y + PE N2O,y + PE RO,y PE EC,y - Project emission from electricity consumption associated with composting in year y: Those emissions are fully taken into consideration in the current project, taken into account the tool to calculate baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption EB 37 annex 7 version 1, 16 th May PE FC,y - Project emission from fossil fuel consumption associated with composting in year y Project activity does not use fuel. Therefore those emissions are not accounted for. PE CH4,y - Project emissions of methane from the composting process in year y Those emissions are fully taken into consideration, and calculated both for ex post and ex ante calculation with the default valued of the methodology. PE N2O,y - Project emissions of nitrous oxide from composting process in year y. Those emissions are fully taken into consideration, and calculated both for ex post and ex ante calculation with the default valued of the methodology. PE RO,y - Project emission of methane from runoff wastewater associated with co-composting. Run-off waste water is not co-composted. Therefore those emissions are not accounted for 16

17 Leakage emissions: According to the Section 21 of the AMS III-F methodology, leakage effects has to be considered if the project technology is the equipment transferred from another activity or if the existing equipment is transferred to another activity. Here no leakage effects are to be considered initially as the equipment is not transferred from another activity. Description of new proposed approach: It is suggested to consider the reduction emission for when the treatment occurs: for waste treated during year one, is accounted the emission that would have occurred from year one through year ten in year one. See graph hereunder: Figure 3 : X tons of waste composted every year methodology Figure 4 : X tons of waste composted every year new proposal This approach is: - logical as once waste is composted, it avoids methane emission of waste that would have been left to decay in baseline scenario ; - conservative as for a same amount of waste composted every year it does not change the total amount of mission reduction. In our case, as the treatment capacity increases over the years, the new proposal generates less emission reduction than the methodology. In our case the emission reductions from the initial approach methodology are as following: Year Emission reduction Year Year Year Year Year Year Year

18 Year Year Year Total reduction emission Average annual reduction emission The proposed approach reorganizes the emission reduction as following: Year Emission reduction Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Total reduction emission Average annual reduction emission B.6.2. Data and parameters that are available at validation: Data / Parameter: ϕ Data unit: - 18

19 Description: Model correction factor to account for model uncertainties Source of data used: CDM Tool to determine methane emissions avoided from dumping waste at a solid waste disposal site v Value applied: 0.85 Justification of the choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied: According to CDM tool used, as no enough data is available to calculate ϕ, the default value was chosen. The default value of 0.85 corresponds to the conditions of the current project: application B (the project activity avoids the disposal of waste at the SWDS) and humid/wet conditions (cf. climatic data in Annex 8). Any comment: Oonk et el. (1994) have validated several landfill gas models based on 17 realized landfill gas projects. Data / Parameter: Ox Data unit: - Description: Source of data used: Oxidation factor (reflecting the amount of methane from SWDS that is oxidized in the soil or other material covering the waste) IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Value applied: 0.1 Justification of the choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied: According to the CDM Tool to determine methane emissions avoided from dumping waste at a solid waste disposal site v Any comment: Data / Parameter: F Data unit: - Description: Fraction of methane in the SWDS gas (volume fraction) 19

20 Source of data used: IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Value applied: 0.5 Justification of the choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied: Any comment: According to the CDM Tool to determine methane emissions avoided from dumping waste at a solid waste disposal site v This factor reflects the fact that some degradable organic carbon does not degrade, or degrades very slowly, under anaerobic conditions in the SWDS. A default value of 0.5 is recommended by IPCC Data / Parameter: DOC f Data unit: - Description: Source of data used: Fraction of degradable organic carbon (DOC) that can decompose IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Value applied: 0.5 Justification of the choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied: According to the CDM Tool to determine methane emissions avoided from dumping waste at a solid waste disposal site v Any comment: Data / Parameter: MCF Data unit: - Description: Source of data used: Methane correction factor IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 20

21 Value applied: 1 Justification of the choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied: Any comment: The water table is 14 meters deep 6 and the SWDS is anaerobic managed: The placement of waste is managed (waste directed to specific deposition areas, a degree of control of scavenging and a degree of control of fires) and includes a leveling of the waste and a mechanical compacting. The SWDS is both anaerobic and managed: waste is located to a specific place when it gets to the SWDS, a bulldozer levels the waste regularly, and guards are at the SWDS 24/7 to make sure that no fire is voluntary started. See annex 7 Data / Parameter: DOC j Data unit: - Description: Source of data used: Value applied: Justification of the choice of data or description of measurement methods and Fraction of degradable organic carbon (by weight) in the waste type j IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (adapted from Volume 5, Tables 2.4 and 2.5) Waste type j DOC j (% wet Wood and wood products 43 Pulp, paper and cardboard (other than sludge) 40 Food, food waste beverages and tobacco (other than sludge) Textiles 24 Garden, yard and park waste 20 Glass, plastic, metal and other inerts 0 waste) According to CDM Tool to determine methane emissions avoided from dumping waste at a solid waste disposal site v Information from the document «Réalisation des études additionnelles pour B.F.Conseil : la construction de dépotoirs intermédiaires, de deux centres de transferts et aménagement de la décharge d Agoe-Nyive» (annex 18, page 70) 21

22 Rapidly degrading Moderately degrading Slowly degrading procedures applied: actually Any comment: Wastes that cannot clearly be attributed to one of those categories are assimilated in a conservative way to the one having the most similar characteristics. For example analyses on particles smaller than 20millimeters lead to a result in organic matter of 20% thus they are assimilated to inert waste. Data / Parameter: k j Data unit: - Description: Decay rate for the waste type j Source of data used: IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (adapted from Volume 5, Table 3.3) Value applied: Waste type j Weather wet and tropical Pulp, paper and 0.07 cardboard (other than sludge) Wood and wood products and straw Other (non-food) 0.17 organic putrescible garden and park waste Food, food waste, 0.40 sewage sludge, beverages and tobacco 22

23 Justification of the choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied: Any comment: Climatic conditions in Lome correspond to the case of a tropical zone, with mean annual temperature >20 C and mean annual precipitation >1000mm. Cf Annex 8 for climatic data. Data / Parameter: Data unit: Description: Source of data used: EF power t CO2 /MWh Emission factor for grid electricity Tool to calculate baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption EB 39 Annex 7 May 16 th 2008 Value applied: 1.3 Justification of the choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied: Any comment: The electricity used in the project comes from the grid, and the project consumes more energy than the baseline (scenario A, option A1 of the document sub-cited). Thus, the conservative default value of 1.3 MWh can be used. All electricity is produced by CEET (Togolese Electricity Company). Data / Parameter: EF CH4,default Data unit: t CH4 /T Description: Default emission factor of methane per ton of waste composted (wet basis) Source of data used: The emission factor was selected based on studying published results of emission measurements from composting facilities, literature reviews on the subject and published emission factors. Data from recent, high quality sources was analyzed and a value conservatively selected from the higher end of the range in results. Value applied:

24 Justification of the choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied: Any comment: Data / Parameter: EF N2O,default Data unit: t N2O /T Description: Source of data used: Default emission factor of methane per ton of waste composted (wet basis) The emission factor was selected based on studying published results of emission measurements from composting facilities, literature reviews on the subject and published emission factors. Data from recent, high quality sources was analyzed and a value conservatively selected from the higher end of the range in results. Value applied: Justification of the choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied: Any comment: Data / Parameter: Data unit: Description: GWP CH4 t CO2e /t CH4 Global warming potential of CH4 24

25 Source of data used: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007 (See Value applied: 25 Justification of the choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied: Any comment: Data / Parameter: Data unit: Description: GWP N2O t CO2e /t N2O Global warming potential of N2O Source of data used: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007 (See Value applied: 298 Justification of the choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied: Any comment: B.6.3 Ex-ante calculation of emission reductions: Calculation of Baseline GHG emissions The GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs for the baseline are the methane emissions avoided from 25

26 preventing waste disposal at the solid waste disposal site. These emissions are calculated as follow: Where: BE CH4,SWDS,y ϕ f GWP CH4 F Methane emissions avoided during the year y from preventing waste disposal at the solid waste disposal site (SWDS) during the period from the start of the project activity to the end of the year y in (tco2e) Model correction factor to account for model uncertainties Fraction of methane captured at the SWDS and flared, combusted or used in another manner Global warming potential (GWP) of methane, valid for the relevant commitment period Fraction of methane in the SWDS gas (volume fraction) Calculated ϕ = 0,85 f = 0 Monitored GWP CH4 = 25 Monitored F = 0,5 DOC f Fraction of degradable organic carbon (DOC) that can decompose DOC f = 0,5 MCF Methane correction factor MCF = 1 W j,y Amount of organic waste type j prevented from disposal in the SWDS in the year y (tons). See Annex 11 for sources and waste characterisation Calculated from two monitored parameters: Total amount of organic waste prevented from disposal and Weight fraction of the waste type j DOC j Fraction of degradable organic carbon (by weight) in the waste type j. Wood : 43 Pulp, paper : 40 Food waste : 15 Textiles : 24 Garden waste : 20 26

27 Inert waste : 0 k j Decay rate for the waste type j Wood : Pulp. paper : Food waste : Textiles : Garden waste : Inert waste : 0 j x z Waste type category Years in the time period in which waste is disposed at the SWDS Final year considered for methane emissions calculation. x runs from the first year in the time period (x = 1) to year z (z = 10) Following suggestion by the GS TAC, Z =10 is used. The factor ϕ.(1-f).gwp CH4.16/12.F.DOC f.mcf, which could be considered as a constant K, independent from the year and from the waste type is equal to: The formula then becomes: K = 0.85*25*(1-0)*16/12*0.5*0.5*1 = Calculation of GHG emissions and/or removals for the project As explained in paragraph B.6.1, the project GHG emissions are coming from three sources: - CO 2 emissions on account of electricity used by the project activity facilities for screening and mechanical sorting of compost. - Methane emissions during composting process - Nitrous oxide emissions during composting process 27

28 These emissions are calculated as follow: PE comp,y = PE EC,y + PE CH4,y + PE N2O,y Where: PE comp,y = Project activity emissions in the year y (tonnes of CO2 equivalent) PE EC,y = Emissions from electricity consumption in the year y, PE CH4,y = Methane emissions during composting process during year "y" PE N2O,y = Nitrous oxide emissions during composting process during year "y" Emissions from electricity consumption Calculated with the tool to calculate baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption EB 37 annex 7 version 1, 16 th May 2008: Where PE EC,y = EE y * EF CO2 * (1+ TDL) EE y Electrical energy consumption in the year y (kwh) Monitored data EF CO2 TDL CO 2 emission factor from electricity produced from fossil fuel Average technical transmission and distribution losses for providing electricity to source j in year y EF CO2 = 1.3 kg CO2e/kWh default value from the tool 0.2 default value from the tool Methane emissions during composting process Methane emissions are calculated following the default values of the tool to determine "project and leakage emission from composting" versions , as the monitoring method is too expensive for a project this size. PE CH4,y = Q y * EF CH4,y * GWP CH4 Where 28

29 Q y Quantity of waste composted in year y (t/yr) Monitored data EF CH4,y Emission factor of methane per tonne of waste composted valid for year y (t CH4 / t) EF CH4,y = t CH4 /t GWP CH4 Global warming potential of CH4 (TCO2e/t CH4) GWP CH4 = 25 Nitrous oxide emissions during composting process Nitrous Oxide emissions are calculated following the default values of the tool to determine "project and leakage emission from composting" versions , as the monitoring method is too expensive for a project this size. PE N2O,y = Q y * EF N2O,y * GWP N2O Where Q y Quantity of waste composted in year y (t/yr) Monitored data EF N2O,y Emission factor of methane per tonne of waste composted valid for year y (t N2O / t) EF N2O,y = t N2O /t GWP N2O Global warming potential of N2O (TCO2e/t N2O) GWP N2O = 298 B.6.4 Summary of the ex-ante estimation of emission reductions: Year Estimation of project activity emission (tco 2 ) Estimation of baseline emissions (tco 2 ) Estimation of leakage (tco 2 ) Estimation of overall emission reductions (tco 2 ) Year 1 330, N/A

30 Year , N/A Year , N/A Year , N/A Year , N/A Year , N/A Year , N/A Year , N/A Year , N/A Year , N/A 364 Total (tco 2 ) N/A See also Annex 9.3 : consolidated results B.7 Application of a monitoring methodology and description of the monitoring plan as per the existing or new methodology applied to the micro-scale project activity: B.7.1 Data and parameters monitored: Data / Parameter: f y Data unit: Description: Source of data to be used: Fraction of methane captured at the SWDS and flared, combusted or used in another manner that prevents the emissions of methane to the atmosphere in year y. Historical data on the amount captured on the SWDS by the municipality or the entity managing the SWDS Value of data 0 30

31 Description of measurement methods and procedures to be applied, inc. frequency: Visually. A yearly visit to the final solid waste disposal site will be done by the monitoring responsible to check whether any methane capture or flaring system has been installed on the SWDS, and the corresponding fraction of methane captured. QA/QC procedures to be applied: Any comment: There is no capture / combustion of gas at the solid waste disposal site at the time of writing the PDD. Data / Parameter: Data unit: Description: Source of data to be used: Value of data W x tons Total amount of organic waste prevented from disposal in year x equal to all organic waste treated by ENPRO (market, domestic, fruit bunches, other waste as biowaste see definition in part A.3.2 -, etc) Measurements by ENPRO 1 st year: tons 2 nd year: tons 3 rd year : tons 4 th year and after: tons For details see table A

32 Description of measurement methods and procedures to be applied, inc. frequency: As at the moment, no weighbridge is available on site, the total amount of organic waste prevented from disposal, W x, is the sum of waste brought on the platform, tonnage being measured in the following way: waste is brought on the composting facility in trailers by tractors, each tractor carrying one trailer. The trailers may be different one from the others, then it will be insured that each one of a kind is registered and follows the procedure: the content in tons of waste is calibrated thanks to a weigh-bridge available at the SWDS. As a consequence the tonnage in domestic waste is equal to the number of trailers unloaded multiplied by the content in tons of the corresponding waste. The number of trucks with the trailer type will be recorder daily. The trailers will be weighed at least once a month, according to the methodology. From October 2014, an axle scale should be bought by the project. At this point, the delivering waste will be monitored by weighing vehicles delivering waste on the platform on their totality or at least on a representative sample. QA/QC procedures to be applied: Any comment: Such parameter will be crossed-checked through the available records of municipality waste collected quantity. The average weight of one trailer is 2.5tons for the small ones, and 4.5 tons for the big ones. Data / Parameter: P n,j,x Data unit: % Description: Source of data to be used: Weight fraction of the waste type j in the sample n collected during the year x Characterization of raw waste made by ENPRO between June 2012 and June 2013 for ex-ante calculation. For ex-post please see here under description of measurement 32

33 Value of data Household waste Wood and wood products: 3.8% Paper and cardboard: 5.6% Food and food waste: 9.1% Textiles: 4.4% Yard and garden waste: 11.5% Bio waste : Food : 85% Inerts : 15% Description of measurement methods and procedures to be applied, inc. frequency: QA/QC procedures to be applied: A characterization will be done every month by ENPRO according to the characterization protocol on incoming waste (composed by the six types of waste described by the methodology). Such measurement method is based on the NF X and NF XP X standards. 33

34 Any comment: The sampling size was calculated with the software Echant so as the sampling has 95 confidence with 10% precision. More details in Annex10: Sampling plan. The ex-ante calculation is done on the average of the last 6 characterizations done on the pilot-phase of the project. The results obtained by ENPRO till date are consistent with data from other characterization studies done by the university or the City. See annex 11. For the ex-ante calculation, two types of waste are taken into account : household waste, which is the one that needs a sorting to insure the percentage of each category, and bio waste (see definitions part A.3.2) bio waste is very rich in organic matter, though it may occur that some plastics, and other inerts happen to be mixed with them. If so, ENPRO will weigh them. It is conservative to assume 85% of food waste in the bio-waste, though it may happen that trucks drivers don t realize they shouldn t bring a truck to the platform because of the little organic matter, and then a 50% of inert could get to the platform in a bio-waste truck. Those two type of waste are accounted for separately in the calculation sheets, as they come from different sources (house-hold versus small agro alimentary firms) thus it is easier to differentiate them both on field and in calculations - rather than mixing a waste sorting and tonnage to take them both into account in the same calculation (and the waste sorting wouldn t mean anything anymore) Data / Parameter: Data unit: Description: Source of data to be used: Value of data Q y,treatment tons Quantity of compost produced in year y ENPRO s recording 1 st year : 475 tons 2 nd year : 1700 tons 3 rd year : tons 4 th year and after : tons 34

35 Description of measurement methods and procedures to be applied, inc. frequency: QA/QC procedures to be applied: Any comment: Continuous measurement. After being screened, the compost is stored and packaged into 50kg bags for sell. Quantity of bags filled is recorded on the platform. Data is cross-checked with both sales record and process analysis. (see any comment ). For the ex-ante calculation, the analysis of the process was used: in January 2013 it was estimated that the output from waste treated to compost was around 15.8%. This figure was used for first and second year calculation. For the following years, as more organic waste will be composted, and other actions will be done to increase the organic part of waste (such as decreasing sand etc) the output is considered to increase during the project to be 18% in 3 rd year, and 20% in year 4 and after. Data / Parameter: Data unit: E y Kwh Description: Electric energy consumption for compost production in year y. Source of data to be used: Value of data Description of measurement methods and procedures to be applied, inc. frequency: Electricity meter. 1 st year : 1MWh 2 nd year : 8MWh 3 rd year : 10MWh 4 th year and following : 12MWh The definition of data is based on the electric motors in the plant. The increase of domestic waste treatment capacity will be followed by a proportional increase of electric power, which is conservative. QA/QC procedures to be applied: 35

36 Any comment: During the operation, the actual energy consumption will be monitored through the electricity company invoices. The ex-ante calculation was done using estimation over the years with the increase of electricity powered machines. Note that as the process is, in 2013 not mechanized, and that if some machinery is brought, it will be very little, the process is not stopped when no electricity is available. Therefore when a problem occurs with the electricity provider, no energy is used on the platform. Data / Parameter: Compost application Data unit: / Description: Source of data to be used: This parameter is to ensure aerobic application of compost. It will be done through on site visits on a representative sample of clients. ENPRO s record commercial visit. Records of sales and delivery. Value of data Description of measurement methods and procedures to be applied, inc. frequency: The aerobic conditions in the soil application will be verified in those visits. It will be checked that the compost is not buried deeper than 50 cm or in water saturated soils. In addition, sheets of good practices on the use of compost will be drafted, discussed and made available to users in French. Those visits will in general be done by the commercial team, but they may be assited by the agronomic expert who will be able to ensure the aerobic conditions if the commercial team has a doubt, based on what they know is delicate (buried deeper than 50cm water saturated soils) In order to follow the buyers, sales records are part of the monitoring plan, as well as deliveries. QA/QC procedures to be applied: Any comment: Visits will be done on a representative sample of clients ie 50% in terms of sales tonnage will be visited. B.7.2 Description of the monitoring plan: 36