FINAL DRAFT CLC/FprTS

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1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION FINAL DRAFT CLC/FprTS October 2015 ICS ; English Version Collection, logistics & Treatment requirements for WEEE - Part 3-2: Technical specification for de-pollution - Lamps Exigences de collecte, de logistique et de traitement pour les déchets d'équipements électriques et électroniques (DEEE) - Partie 3-2 : Spécification technique pour la dépollution - Lampes Sammlung, Logistik und Behandlung von Elektro- und Elektronik-Altgeräten (WEEE) - Teil 3-2: Technische Spezifikation zur Schadstoffentfrachtung - Lampen This draft Technical Specification is submitted to CENELEC members for vote by correspondence. Deadline for CENELEC: It has been drawn up by CLC/TC 111X. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation. Warning : This document is not a Technical Specification. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and shall not be referred to a Technical Specification. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members. Project: Ref. No. CLC/FprTS :2015 E

2 3 Contents Page Foreword... 4 Introduction Scope Normative references Terms and definitions De-pollution monitoring Introduction Target value methodology Mass Balance methodology Analysis methodology Overview of the applicable methodologies Applicable methodologies Large appliances Cooling and freezing appliances CRT Display /FPD appliances Lamps Introduction Analysis methodology Small appliances Protocol for components removed during a batch process... 9 Annex A (normative) Sampling protocol for the physically smallest non-metallic mechanical treatment fraction Annex B (normative) Sampling protocol for plastics Annex C (normative) Targets Annex D (informative) Target calculation example Calculation example for large appliance Annex E (informative) Void Annex AA (normative) Sampling protocol for the lamp treatment fractions AA.1 Introduction AA.2 Number and size of samples AA.3 Principles of sampling AA.3.1 Sampling during treatment process AA.3.2 Sampling after a treatment process AA.4 Mixed sample preparation AA.5 Mixed sample reduction AA.6 Packaging of samples Annex BB (normative) Analysis of mercury in the lamp treatment fractions BB.1 Introduction BB.2 Principles BB.3 Verification

3 Annex CC (informative) Remarks on the analysis of mercury in heterogeneous metal or mixed metalplastic fractions Bibliography

4 Foreword This document (CLC/FprTS :2015) has been prepared by CLC/TC 111X Environment. This document is currently submitted to voting in accordance with the Internal Regulations, Part 2, Subclause for acceptance as a CENELEC Technical Specification. The following date is proposed: latest date by which the existence of this document has to be announced at national level (doa) dor + 6 months This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This document has been prepared under Mandate M/518. CLC/TS , Collection, logistics and treatment requirements for WEEE, is composed with the following parts: Part 3-1: Specification for de-pollution General; Part 3-2: Technical specification for de-pollution Lamps [the present document]. Part 3-4: Specification for de-pollution Temperature exchange equipment [currently in preparation]. This Technical Specification is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of CLC/TS It was established on the basis of the CLC/FprTS :2014 for UAP. This Technical Specification supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in CLC/TS , so as to convert that publication into the TS: Treatment specification for lamps. When a particular subclause of Part 3-1 is not mentioned in this Part 3-2, that subclause applies as far as is reasonable. When this standard states addition, modification or replacement, the relevant text in Part 3-1 is to be adapted accordingly. 66 NOTE The following numbering system is used: subclauses, tables and figures that are numbered starting from 101 are additional to those in Part 1; unless notes are in a new subclause or involve notes in Part 1, they are numbered starting from 101, including those in a replaced clause or subclause; additional annexes are lettered AA, BB, etc. 4

5 Introduction In order to support EN and thereby fulfil the requirement of the European Commission s Mandate M/518 it is necessary to include normative requirements, such as target and limit values for the analysis, into a document that is able to be revised to take into account both practical experience and changes in treatment technologies. 5

6 Scope Clause 1 is replaced with the following: This European Technical Specification is intended to be used in conjunction with the WEEE Treatment Standard for lamps, EN , and the Technical Specification CLC/TS :2014 for de-pollution General. 2 Normative references Clause 2 is replaced with the following: The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 488, District heating pipes Preinsulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks Steel valve assembly for steel service pipes, polyurethane thermal insulation and outer casing of polyethylene EN 13650, Soil improvers and growing media Extraction of aqua regia soluble elements EN 14899, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan EN 15002, Characterization of waste Preparation of test portions from the laboratory sample CEN/TR , Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 1: Guidance on selection and application of criteria for sampling under various conditions CEN/TR , Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques CEN/TR , Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 3: Guidance on procedures for sub-sampling in the field CEN/TR , Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 4: Guidance on procedures for sample packaging, storage, preservation, transport and delivery CEN/TR , Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 5: Guidance on the process of defining the sampling plan EN (all parts), Collection, logistics & treatment requirements for end-of-life household appliances containing volatile fluorocarbons or volatile hydrocarbons EN :2014, Collection, logistics & Treatment requirements for WEEE Part 1: General treatment requirements EN :2014, Collection, logistics and treatment requirements for WEEE Part 2-1: Treatment requirements for lamps EN , Determination of certain substances in electrotechnical products Part 4: Mercury in polymers, metals and electronics by CV-AAS, CV-AFS, ICP-OES and ICP-MS (IEC ) EN ISO 12846, Water quality Determination of mercury Method using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) with and without enrichment (ISO 12846) 6

7 EN ISO , Water quality Digestion for the determination of selected elements in water Part 1: Aqua regia digestion (ISO ) EN ISO , Water quality Digestion for the determination of selected elements in water Part 2: Nitric acid digestion (ISO ) EN ISO , Water quality Application of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) Part 2: Determination of 62 elements (ISO ) EN ISO 17852, Water quality Determination of mercury Method using atomic fluorescence spectrometry (ISO 17852) EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025) ISO 16772, Soil quality Determination of mercury in aqua regia soil extracts with cold-vapour atomic spectrometry or cold-vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry EPA Method : Revision 1, February 2007, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry EPA Method : Revision 0, February 2007, Mercury in solids and solutions by thermal desorption, amalgamation and atomic absorption spectrophotometry 3 Terms and definitions This clause of EN and CLC/TS is applicable. 4 De-pollution monitoring 4.1 Introduction This subclause of CLC:TS is applicable. 4.2 Target value methodology This subclause of CLC/TS is not applicable. 4.3 Mass Balance methodology This subclause of CLC/TS is not applicable. 4.4 Analysis methodology Subclause 4.4.is replaced with the following: This methodology uses the following approach: establish the limits: these values are defined in this Technical Specification; sample the output fractions: the sample for the analysis shall be prepared according to the sampling procedure defined in this Technical Specification; evaluate the analysis results: the concentration of substances shall be determined according to the analysis procedure defined in this Technical Specification; evaluate the de-pollution performance: compare the results of the analysis with the defined limit values. If the results are below the limit values then the performance of de-pollution fulfils the requirements. 7

8 The level of de-pollution from mercury is also used as an indicator of de-pollution from other hazardous substances that may be present in the fluorescent powder. A laboratory shall perform the analysis on the samples for the residual amount of mercury in fractions. Depending on the treatment process used, one of the techniques below, as used in Annex AA, shall be used to obtain a representative mixed sample: sampling during a treatment process; sampling after a treatment process. NOTE 1 All the sampling protocols are based on EN Analysis protocol will be implemented by laboratories. There are many types of physical-chemical sample processing and analysis. This Technical Specification describes the suitable methods for samples of output fractions from lamp treatment processes. A laboratory that complies with EN ISO/IEC shall perform chemical analysis including processing of the samples. If the laboratory does not comply with EN ISO/IEC then duplicate samples shall be sent for checking to laboratory that does meet EN ISO/IEC on a regular basis, according to a defined process. 162 NOTE 2 The laboratory can be internal to the treatment operator or a third party laboratory The preparation of the test portion, including homogenization of the heterogeneous samples shall be carried out according to one of the following standards: ISO 16772, EN ISO , EN ISO , EN 15002, EN 13650, EPA Method : Revision 0, February The chemical analysis, separation of the test portion and identification of mercury shall be carried out according to one of the following standards: EN , EN ISO 12846, EN ISO 17852, EN ISO , EPA 6020A - 1 Revision 1, February Basic principles of processing heterogeneous samples from lamp treatment fractions are given in Annex BB. A specific protocol has been developed and tested for mixed heterogeneous metal and metal-plastic fractions from lamp treatment (see Annex CC). 5 Overview of the applicable methodologies Applicable methodologies This clause of CLC/TS is applicable. 6 Large appliances This clause of CLC/TS is not applicable. 7 Cooling and freezing appliances This clause of CLC/TS is not applicable. 8 CRT Display /FPD appliances This clause of CLC/TS is not applicable. 8

9 Lamps 9.1 Introduction This clause refers to the treatment standard of lamps EN :2014, 5.6 (de-pollution monitoring). 9.2 Analysis methodology According to EN :2014, 5.6, the limit value for mercury in lamp treatment fractions that shall apply is the following: 10 mg Hg/kg for glass fractions 100 mg Hg/kg for metal and mixed metal plastic fractions NOTE 1 The 10 mg Hg/kg value is appropriate for glass fractions from all types of lamps. 5 mg Hg/kg is recommended specifically for glass fractions of linear fluorescent tubes (excluding T12). The origin of the 5 mg Hg/kg value in the glass fraction from linear tubes comes from the lamp industry s specification for the recycled glass used for new tubes. NOTE 2 The 100 mg Hg/kg value in metal fractions and mixed metal plastics fractions is based on high deviation of results. There is an objective to drive this figure down once more consistent test results are available to support this. For powder-fraction intended to be recycled, a mercury removal technology shall be in place (downstream). 10 Small appliances This clause of CLC/TS is not applicable. 11 Protocol for components removed during a batch process This clause of CLC/TS is not applicable. 9

10 Annex A (normative) Sampling protocol for the physically smallest non-metallic mechanical treatment fraction 204 This annex of CLC/TS is not applicable. 10

11 Annex B (normative) Sampling protocol for plastics 209 This annex of CLC/TS is not applicable. 11

12 Annex C (normative) Targets 214 This annex of CLC/TS is not applicable. 12

13 Annex D (informative) Target calculation example Calculation example for large appliance 219 This annex of CLC/TS is not applicable. 13

14 Annex E (informative) Void

15 Annex AA (normative) Sampling protocol for the lamp treatment fractions AA.1 Introduction This annex describes the sampling procedures, which shall be used to implement the analysis methodology stated in EN :2014, 5.6. Sampling shall consider guidance in the following standards: CEN/TR to 5 and EN AA.2 Number and size of samples Samples shall be taken from fractions resulting: from the lamp treatment during a batch (see also EN :2014, Table D.1), or; from longer periods of lamp treatment, which shall not exceed 3 months. The population is this whole amount of fraction produced during treatment of a given input amount. As a minimum 10 samples shall be taken from each of the different lamp treatment fractions being analysed. For each lamp fraction, take the 10 single samples and combine them to form one mixed sample. Each of the resulting mixed samples for the different fractions shall be reduced to a size suitable for laboratory analysis (see Table AA.1). The number of samples for analysis depends on the amount of lamps treated per year as follows: - 1 sample per year for 500 t of lamps treated per year - 1 sample every 6 months for > 500 t lamps treated per year. The sample size depends on the particles size of the sampled fraction according to Table AA.1. Table AA.1 Sample size Size of the biggest particles Minimum volume of single sample Minimum volume of mixed sample Minimum volume of reduced sample Minimum volume of the sample for analysis (l) (l) (l) (l) 5 mm 0, > 5 20 mm ,5 1 > mm ,5 1 > 50 mm

16 AA.3 Principles of sampling AA.3.1 Sampling during treatment process The tool used for sampling shall be dimensioned such that the sample taken contains items of all sizes expected to be contained in the output stream. Samples shall be taken at the outlet of a continuous mechanical treatment process, directly from the output flow of the fraction on the whole cross section of the flow profile. Each sample shall be taken at regular intervals specified below but avoiding the start and finish of the treatment process. NOTE Start and the finish of the treatment process are less representative because separation results might not be representative during this period. The sampling interval is calculated by dividing the period processing the whole input amount by the number of samples to be taken plus 1. To take the sample, the following three circumstances can be distinguished: If the width and the depth of the stream are small, put a sampling container into the stream using a single one-directional action. It is recommended to place the sampling container at 90 to the falling output flow. Hold the sampling container in place for the period specified to gather the specified volume of material. If the width of stream is large and depth is small, insert the container at one end of the stream and, at a uniform rate designed to collect the required amount of material, move the container through the width of the stream to the opposite end. If width and depth of stream are large, follow the method as described above but repeat procedure at 90 to the first direction of sampling. AA.3.2 Sampling after a treatment process The sample shall be representative of the whole population. The technique chosen shall depend on the number and size of the containers to collect fractions and the accessibility of fractions. To determine the number of samples required to be taken from each container, divide the numbers of samples by the number of containers containing the related amount to be represented. The location of where the samples shall be taken in one container depends on the number of samples to be taken and shall consider that a container normally is filled from the bottom to the top. The type of sampling tool shall be adjusted to the sampling technique and the size distribution of the fraction. The location where the samples shall be taken in one container depends on the calculated number of samples to take in each container and for each container the locations should be different in order to achieve a representative sample for the whole batch. AA.4 Mixed sample preparation The aim of the mixing procedure in AA.2 is to obtain a thoroughly mixed sample from each fraction without it becoming contaminated. NOTE In a protected area it is suggested to install a protective floor covering, preferably unused plastic sheeting, on the ground to avoid any contamination. One technique is the conical heap method where a conical heap is formed by successively deposing the material on the peak of the cone in such a way that the sample runs down all sides of the cone. The size of 16

17 the tool used for sampling shall be of such that it can accommodate the entire range of particle sizes which are present. AA.5 Mixed sample reduction The mixed sample shall be reduced to comply with the laboratory sample size. After having applied the conical heap method, flatten the cone to form a flat heap of uniform thickness and diameter. Divide in four the flat heap along the two diagonals intersecting at right angles. Discard one pair of opposite quarters and form the remainder into a stockpile. Repeat this action until the volume of remaining subsample is equal to the desired size. AA.6 Packaging of samples Containers for packaging samples shall be closed and airtight. Packaging material shall not contaminate the sample or adsorb mercury. A back-up sample of the same volume and mixture shall be retained until the analysis results have been returned and considered valid. Containers should be clearly labelled. The label should contain at least an identification of the location, WEEE stream, name of fraction and date of sampling. A colour photograph of the sample shall be taken and added to the batch documentation (see EN 488 and EN :2014, Clause 6). 17

18 Annex BB (normative) Analysis of mercury in the lamp treatment fractions BB.1 Introduction This annex provides information for the analysis of mercury (Hg) in the lamp treatment fractions considering the problems arising particularly from the homogenization of heterogeneous metallic fractions. The treatment operator shall consider a chemical laboratory that follows the given principles and has enough experience with digestion and test portion preparation of mercury analysis in lamp treatment fractions. BB.2 Principles The method of test portion preparation shall consider, that most of the mercury in the metallic fractions is bound as amalgam. The result should also encompass the amalgam mercury namely in the small electrode wires. The result of the analysis should represent the whole laboratory sample (normally 1 l) including all kind and size of pieces. The digestion and test portion preparation shall avoid any release of mercury as loss to the ambient air; heating of samples during the sampling preparation process shall be avoided. If a release of mercury is unavoidable it shall be absorbed and determined quantitatively. The digestion, test portion preparation and analysis shall be repeated 3 times. The range of the three results shall not exceed 15 %. The calculated average of these three analyses shall be used for compliance to the limit values. The method of sample digestion and preparing the test portion shall be approved by quality assurances, internal references and other means of good laboratory practice (GLP). NOTE OECD Series on principles of good laboratory practice and compliance monitoring, Number 1, OECD Principles on Good Laboratory Practice (as revised in 1997), ENV/MC/CHEM(98)17. BB.3 Verification The laboratory shall verify all steps of the analysis methodology, especially that no substantial mercury is released to the ambient air during mechanical processing, e.g. grinding, crushing, sieving and separating. It shall verify also that digestion with acid is completed. The insoluble part of the sample, filtered out after digestion shall be analysed of remaining mercury. The results of the verification procedure shall be documented and available. 18

19 Annex CC (informative) Remarks on the analysis of mercury in heterogeneous metal or mixed metal-plastic fractions The development of a methodology to analyse mercury in heterogeneous mixed fractions from lamp treatment is a challenge because: there are different chemical forms of mercury in lamp fractions, including amalgam; they shall all be covered by the analysis method; mercury is a mobile element at room temperature and above and therefore can easily be lost to the ambient air, especially during mechanical processing of the sample digestion of metal needs a lot of strong acid (aqua regia, nitric acid), therefore homogenization by mechanical treatment of the sample is important; the composition of mixed metal fractions from lamp treatment can be very different in terms of size, type of metal, plastics, ceramics and glass. To make sure that there is a practical and safe approach to analyse mercury in such heterogeneous fractions with reproducible results, a methodology is under development and testing with different laboratories. This methodology is based on the mineralization of sample grinded to 5 mm, by nitric acid at room temperature. 19

20 354 Bibliography 355 The Bibliography of CLC/TS is applicable