CEREAL CROPS HARVESTING EQUIPMENT

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Jody Joseph
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1 CEREAL CROPS HARVESTING EQUIPMENT PROJECT REFERENCE NO. : 37S0137 COLLEGE : B.V.BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, HUBLI BRANCH : INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING GUIDE : SANJAY KULKARNI STUDENTS : MOHAMED TAUSEEF SARASWATI RAJPUROHIT PRASHANT SALIMATH ROHAN ARGEKAR Introduction: Pulse crops are one of the most widely cultivated crops and some of them are chickpea, sap flower, green gram etc. These are usually cultivated on black soil and the height of the crop is approximately 40 cms. The sowing is done in the month of November and harvesting is done during the month of February. The harvesting is done manually and using mechanical equipments. The manual method involves hand picking which is usually tedious and time consuming and needs many labours. Now a days availability of labours is a matter of concern and has to be tackled. Mechanical equipments used is combined harvester. These combined harvesters [1] have been proved expensive when used in small cultivated lands and movement around these fields is inconvenient. So development of alternates but economic equipment is need of an hour which can be used by small farmers with smaller cultivated land. After studying the existing practices of chickpea harvesting and finding the need for chickpea harvesting machine with better performance and customized features, the problem statement has been formed. Manual method involves hand picking which is usually tedious and time consuming and needs many labours and use of combined harvesters have been proved expensive when used in small cultivated lands and movement around these fields is inconvenient and also there is lot of wastage of the pods during harvesting by combined harvester. 1

2 Objectives: It will be useful for small cultivated lands (up to 10acres) who cannot afford heavy and costly equipments. Harvesting 3 rows at a time. It helps save the time. Operated by 1 or 2 person so help to decreases cost of labor. To reduce Human effort and avoid fatigue. To increase the yield of the crop. Methodology: 2

3 Morphology chart The morphological chart encourages the designer to identify novel combinations of elements or components. The chart sets out the complete range of elements, components or sub solutions that can be combined together to make a solution. The number of possible combinations is usually very high and included not only existing, conventional solutions but also a wide range of variations and completely novel solutions. The main aim of this method is to widen the search for possible new solutions. Morphology is the study of shape or form, so a morphological analysis is a systematic attempt to analyze the form that a product or a machine might take and a morphological chart is a summary of this analysis. Different combinations of sub-solutions can be selected from the chart, perhaps leading to new solutions that have not previously been identified. Features/Functions Material used for cheesy Mild steel Iron Drive/motion of equipment IC Engine Bullocks AC motor Support Wheels Rollers Rear-wheels cutter mechanism Reciprocating Withworth cutter bar motion AC motor IC Engine Wheel motion (2-stroke) Conveyor motion AC motor IC Engine Wheel motion (2-stroke) Reel power motion AC motor IC Engine Wheel motion (2-stroke) 3

4 Generation of alternatives Alternative-1 Alternative-2 4

Alternative-3 Evaluation of alternatives The process carried out to select the alternatives from the conceptual designs is through evaluation matrix, which is as shown below.

5 Alternative-3 Evaluation of alternatives The process carried out to select the alternatives from the conceptual designs is through evaluation matrix, which is as shown below. Alternatives Holding (By reel) Cutting Conveying the crops Storage Total Using evaluation matrix Alternative 2 was selected with following functions, 5

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21 BILL OF MATERIALS Sl.no Description Quantity Material Cost(Rupees) 1 Knife section 12 Hardened steel Fingers double full 3 Iron Fingers double half 3 Iron Knife guide 2 Cast iron Hex bolt 4 Cast iron 66 6 Hex nut 12 Cast iron 36 7 Lock nut 6 Cast iron 58 8 Washer 22 Cast iron Friction plate 1 Steel Counter sunk rivet 35 MS Knife guide top 1 Cast iron Mushroom head bolt 5 MS Wheels 4 Cast iron Gears 4 Hardened steel Angles 20ft MS Sheet metal 39.5kg MS Shaft 4 MS Nut bolt 25 MS Pipe 4 MS Belt 3 Rubber Conveyor belt Washers 10 Aluminum Bearings (circular) 2 Steel Bearings (204,205,206) 4 Steel Pulley 6 Cast iron MS rod 4 MS Paint Engine Others Total

22 Results and Conclusions The Pulse crop harvester is designed and fabricated to meet the objectives and constraints specified. The main objective of bending, cutting, conveying and storing was successfully achieved. It helped for small cultivated lands (up to 10acres) who cannot afford heavy and costly equipments. Harvesting 3 rows at a time was successfully done. It saved 50% of the time & reduced 50% Human effort. The main constraints observed here is difficulty to push the machine as it is too heavy so the design of chassis has to be refined, it is limited to Bengal (chick pea) gram, green gram, soyabean, wheat, saf flower, black gram. And Cutting distance from the ground minimum 15cms. Scope for future work Weight can be reduced significantly. The selection of the materials has to be done which would further reduce the weight of the equipment A Variable height mechanism has to be introduced which helps in adjusting the height of the cutter bar,where cutting can be executed at required height The axles have to be installed to the wheels using standard automobile design, which enables smooth forward movement A threshing unit has to be installed. A threshing unit is one which separates the pods from the plant. It consists of threshing drum, sews of different textures so that different pods of different sizes can be separated, a blower fan has to be installed to blow off the waste An attachment for bullock cart has to be installed in the front and an attachment for power tiller at rear end A turning mechanism for rear wheel has to be designed Diesel or petrol engine are preferable Forward auto motion for the equipment is preferable 22

23 Equipment with a threshing unit 23

Code-1: Paddy Weeder

Code-1: Paddy Weeder length: 1130 mm width (handle): 460 mm working width: 140 mm Paddy weeder is manually operated widely accepted equipment for weeding and intercultural operation in SRI (System of Rice