Reuse of Polycarbonate Waste Coated Aggregates - Bitumen Mix Composite for Road Application

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1 IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol., Issue 03, 017 ISSN (online): Reuse Polycarbon Waste Cod s - Bitumen Mix Composite for Road Application M.Karthikkumar 1 B.Manimekalai 1 P.G. Student Assistant Pressor 1, Department Environmental Management 1, Anna University (CEG), Chennai Abstract Disposal polycarbon waste has become a serious problem for human health and waste plastics are burnt for disposal which causes environmental pollution. Polycarbons are not eco-friendly and as they are nonbiodegradable. Generally, it is disposed by way land filling or incineration mrials which are hazardous. To deal with the problem, study on use polycarbon waste as partial replacement to bitumen in flexible pavement is considered in the present work. Road surface with neat bitumen can cause bleeding in hot clim, may develop cracks in cold clim, possess fewer load bearing capacity and can cause serious damages because higher axle load in present conditions due to rapid infrastructure development and also natural mrials quantity is declining gradually. Thus the cost extracting good quality natural mrial is increasing. The present study consists an experimental approach towards effective waste management, finding alternative to conventional mrials in flexible pavements and can promote addition to the waste plastic. The objective work is to investig the effect polycarbon waste in flexible pavement and to suggest the optimum percentage bitumen that can be replaced by polycarbon waste for the improvement roads with substantial saving in cost. Key words: Bitumen, Polycarbon, s the environment either directly or indirectly leaching from plastic, paper and metal waste in landfills. Ubiquity makes BPA an important soil pollutant. BPA can currently be found also in municipal waste wr. It affects reproduction in aquatic and terrestrial annelids, molluscs, insects, crustaceans, fish and amphibians. In singapore coastal lines the BPA was detected on the maximum concentration is.47μg/l and the BPA concentration as high as μg/l have been measured, particularly new point sources such as outfalls from pulp mills, sewage treatment plants or landfills. The study focus on the disposal polycarbon wastes without impacts human and environment. Hence the investigation was carried out with baby bottles and five gallon wr storage containers which contain polycarbon. It is a valuable dumping alternative for the highway sector. I. INTRODUCTION Poly (Bisphenol-A) carbon is a plastomer thermoplastic mrial and it is non-biodegradable. Bisphenol-A (BPA) is the molecular building block for polycarbon plastics and epoxy resins. Around 6 tonnes polycarbon waste are disposed annually in kodungaiyur dumping yard, Chennai. a) Five Gallon Wr b)medical Device Bottle Fig. 1: Polycarbon Consumption in Various Industries BPA based polycarbon plastics are made into a variety common consumer goods, such as five gallon wr bottles, infant feeding bottles, compact discs and digital versatile discs, impact-resistant safety equipments, eyeglass lenses, sports equipments, household electronic gadgets, foundry casting and medical devices. Bisphenol - A has the potential to have a wide range health effects such as decline in human sperm count and quality, genital abnormalities, early onset puberty in females, effects on fertility, miscarriage and birth defects, increasing neurobehavioral problems, high blood pressure, stroke, pulmonary blood clot, asthma, pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis, etc., BPA can also enter c) Compact Discs d) Baby Bottles Digital Versatile Discs Fig. : Polycarbon Wastes II. NEED FOR STUDY BPA-containing polycarbon plastics are included in the other cgory, and are not recycled. There are no waste collection provisions for these products and no recycling programs and it also occurs for many reasons such as inconvenience and various waste management practices such as collection, recycling, and redistribution costs are so high. The price virgin resin has recently been 40 lower than All rights reserved by 11

2 Reuse Polycarbon Waste Cod s - Bitumen Mix Composite for Road Application (IJSRD/Vol. /Issue 03/017/030) that recycled resin. The Environmental Protection Agency, the Food and Drug Administration, the Consumer Product Safety Commission and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration have insufficient information to set environmental standards that would assure health and environmental protection. There is still a lot research to be done to determine what levels BPA are safe for adults, children, and animals as well as the environment. Polycarbon wastes are clear and rigid which contains the monomer BPA with non- biodegradable and nonrecyclable. BPA having insufficient data on how much BPA leaches from polycarbon baby bottles and what level BPA exposure may be harmful to a child. BPA leaching from baby bottles in the last ten years, studies have varying detection limits, migration scenarios, and other assumptions, and have reached inconsistent conclusions. The most recent study published by Environment California Research and Policy Center found that BPA leached from five brands polycarbon baby bottles leaches up to 10 ppb and the FDA s found the amount BPA migr at room temperature from polycarbon wr containers in to bottled wr at levels as high as 4.7ng/l, the migration levels are increased with respect to time. Flexible pavements with bituminous surfacing are widely used in India. IRC SP guidelines are allowed to use the various types polymer and rubber based modified bitumen in road construction to avoid the distress like rutting, cracking, bleeding, shoving and potholing bituminous surfacing due to the over loading and seasonal variations and enhance the life the surfacing and extend the time the next renewal when compared to the conventional bitumen. This study is based on the disposal polycarbon waste in eco-friendly way, increasing the strength flexible pavement, and reducing the cost bitumen. C. Polycarbon wastes Polycarbon wastes were collected from kodungaiyur waste dumping yard, Chennai. Wastes were crushed by using plastic crusher machine and sieved to the size below 4.7mm. D. Mixing procedure: Plastics waste like baby bottles, five gallon wr storage containers are made out Polycarbons are crushed and sieved to the size below 4.7mm by using shredding machine. The aggreg mix is hed to 170C and then it is transferred to mixing chamber. Similarly the bitumen is to be hed up to a maximum 1600C. This is done so as to obtain a good binding and to prevent weak bonding. During this process monitoring the temperature is very important. At the mixing chamber, the shredded plastics waste is added over the hot aggreg. It gets cod uniformly over the aggreg within 30 to 4 seconds. It gives an oily cod look to the aggreg. The plastics waste cod aggreg is mixed with hot bitumen (VG- 40 Grade). The mixing temperature maintained was about 160oC. Then this final resulted mix is used for laying roads. III. OBJECTIVES The objectives the study are 1) To assess the polycarbon waste generation in dumping yards Chennai. ) To assess the possibility utilizing wr storage container as modified bitumen in asphalt mixtures for the construction flexible pavements. 3) To dispose the polycarbon wastes in eco-friendly way. 4) To reduce the cost conventional mrials by using poly carbon waste for the replacement natural bitumen. Fig. 3: Polycarbon Waste In To Crushed Form IV. MATERIALS AND METHODS A. Bitumen VG 40 Grade: The bitumen used in this study is VG 40 grade which is most commonly used for road construction in India. This bitumen sample is collected from Hincol priv limited, irungattukottai. B. : The natural aggreg used in this study have been collected from various quarries near Chennai. The tests were carried out on aggreg the results obtained are shown in Table I. Fig. 4: Preparation Plastic Cod s All rights reserved by 1

3 Reuse Polycarbon Waste Cod s - Bitumen Mix Composite for Road Application (IJSRD/Vol. /Issue 03/017/030) V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. Polycarbon waste characterization: Fig. : Thermal Analysis Graph Fig. consists two curves are Thermo gravimetry curve and Differential Thermal Analysis curve. Initially, the DTA curve will go down when the temperature increases and it attains the stening point polycarbon plastics at the range c and the TG curve will also go down when the temperature increases and it attains the decomposition point polycarbon plastic at the range 0.40c with initial loss such as 0. and the temperature increases frequently, it attains the ignition point polycarbon plastics at the range c with final loss such as 99.. B. characterization: S.N o. 1 4 Test Specifi c Gravity Impact Crushi ng Abrasi on Wr absorpt ion Coatin g and Strippi ng Bitume n mix Specifica tion Plain aggreg -.69 Max 7 Max 30 Max Plastic cod aggreg Max Min retained Coating Table 1: Physical Properties Table 1 shows significant improvement in the strength properties the aggregs change to cod with molten plastics. This is due to the fact that when the plastic was cod over the aggreg, the aggreg surface is covered with the thin film polymer. The film polymer also fills the pores at the surface and there is no wr absorption. Hence there is significant improvement in the general properties the aggreg like specific gravity, impact, crushing, abrasion resistance and stripping. C. Normal Mix: Marshall test was conducted on three normal mix specimens prepared with bitumen contents 4 percent, 4. percent, percent and. percent respectively. Various Marshall parameters computed are shown in Table II. by Wt. Bind er Cont ent Bulk Speci fic Gravi ty, g/cc Theoret ical Specific Gravity, g/cc Air Voi ds VM A, VF B, Stabil ity (kg) Table : Volumetric Properties Normal Mix D. Optimum Binder Content: Flo w (m m) A Graph is plotted for Binder Content ( by Wt. the aggreg) versus Air voids as shown in fig. The binder content corresponding to 4 air voids is considered as Optimum Binder Content. Fig. 6: OBC Obtained for Normal Mix From plot, OBC obtained for normal mix is 4.6 by wt. the aggreg. S.No Property Test Results at OBC 1 Stability in kg Flow in mm Voids in Mix (Va) () 3.69 All rights reserved by 13

4 Reuse Polycarbon Waste Cod s - Bitumen Mix Composite for Road Application (IJSRD/Vol. /Issue 03/017/030) V.F.B. () V.M.A. () Binder Content by Wt. Mix () for (minimum) 4.4 Binder Content by Wt. () 4.6 Table 3: Volumetric Properties OBC for Normal Mix E. Plastic Modified Mix: Marshall Test was conducted on four plastic modified mix specimens prepared with varying plastic contents 3 percent, 6 percent, 9 percent and 1 percent respectively. Various Marshall parameters computed for plastic modified mixes are shown in Table IV and Fig. 7 S. No Property Stability in kg Flow in mm Voids in Mix () V.F.B () V.M.A () Binder Content by Wt. Mix () Binder Content by Wt. () Table 4: Marshall Properties Various Polycarbon Modified Asphalt Mixes 7 Fig. 7: Marshall Stability Values for conventional and Polycarbon Modified Asphalt Mixes From the Table and Figure, it was inferred that the s obtained for Marshall Stability Value (kn) and Flow Value (mm) were obtained for plain aggreg bituminous mixes and polymer cod aggreg bituminous mixes varied compositions are 3, 6, 9 respectively. From the experimental results, the percentage the waste plastics cod increases the Marshall Stability is also increased. Higher percentage plastics (more than 9) results in lesser compatibility with bitumen and lesser bonding resulting in lower Marshall Stability Value. So the 9 replacement polycarbon modified Asphalt mix was found to be very much satisfactory. F. Cost Analysis: From an environmental and economic standpoint, the use waste plastic as a bitumen-modifying agent may contribute to solving a waste disposal problem and to improving the quality road pavements. Table 4.11 shows the economic analysis pavement and the total savings due to use plastic waste. S.No Description Qty Cost in Rs. 1. Cost plastic waste 1 ton Cost bitumen 1 ton 36, Cost bitumen required per Km 10 3, 6, road (without plastic) tons Cost bitumen required per Km 10 3, 39, road 3.7 m width (with 9 tons plastic). Total savings per Km road Table : Cost Analysis Of Per Km Flexible Pavement VI. CONCLUSION The following conclusions are drawn from the study: 1) Optimum plastic content was obtained as 9 percent by weight bitumen. ) The Marshall Stability plastic modified mix was found to be percent more than that for the normal mix which indics an increase in load carrying capacity. 3) Impact control specimen was 6.7. It reduced to 3.6 for A 1, 19.3 for A and for A3. Reduction in was for A 1,.09 for A and for A 3. This shows that the toughness the aggreg was increased to face the impacts. 4) Crushing Value was reduced from 4. to 1.4, 0.09, and 16. for A 1, A, and A 3 respectively. Value reduced by 1.1 for A 1, 1.06 for A and 3.0 for A 3. Low aggreg crushing indics strong aggregs, as the crushed fraction is low. ) Specific Gravity the aggreg increases from.69 for control specimen to.73 for A 1,.7 for A and. for A 3 due to plastic coating. This shows that cod aggregs are more strength when compared to plain aggregs. 6) Stripping Value was reduced from 3 for control specimen to nil for A 9. This shows that cod aggregs are more suitable for bituminous construction than plain aggregs. 7) Wr Absorption is also reduced to 1., 1.1 and 0. for A 1, A and A 3 from.79 for control specimen. ) Los Angeles Abrasion Value was reduced from 36. to 34, 31.0, and 6.7 for A 1, A, and A 3 respectively. Value reduced by 7 for A 1, 1.1 for A and 6.73 for A 3. This indics the hardness the aggreg. 9) Replacement bitumen with plastic reduces the cost construction is around Rs. 700 per km single lane road as on d. By using plastics-waste cod aggreg in road construction, helps to reduce the need bitumen by 9, increase the strength and performance road, avoid use anti stripping agent, avoid disposal plastic waste by incineration and land filling and ultimly develop a technology, which is eco friendly. This process gives to plastic waste which would sustain the effective waste management Increased traffic conditions will and are reducing the life span roads. Plastic roads are means prevention and ultimly will be the cure. It will save All rights reserved by 14

5 Reuse Polycarbon Waste Cod s - Bitumen Mix Composite for Road Application (IJSRD/Vol. /Issue 03/017/030) millions dollars in future and reduce the amount resources used for construction. REFERENCES [1] Anurag V tiwari and YRM Rao, (01), Plastic waste modified bitumen for road construction, Journal the institution public health engineers, Volume , Number, pp [] Apurva J chavan, (013), Use plastic waste in flexible pavements, International Journal Application or innovation in Engineering and management, Volume- Issue-IV, pp [3] Bhageerathy, K.P., Anu, P., Alex, Manju, V.S., and Raji, A.K., (014), Use Biomedical Plastic Waste in Bituminous Road Construction, International Journal Engineering and Advanced Technology, ISSN: 49 9, Volume-3, Issue-6, pp [4] Centre for food safety, (01), Risk Assessment Study - Safety Issues Baby Bottles and Children s Tableware. [] Dawale S.A, (016), Use waste plastic cod aggregs in bituminous road construction, International Journal Advancement in Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Science, Volume-3 Issue-VI, pp [6] Indian road congress, Govt. India, ministry road transport and highways (013), Specifications for road and bridge works fifth revision. [7] IS 73:013, Paving Bitumen Specification Fourth Revision, Bureau Indian Standards. [] IRC: SP-3:010, Guidelines on Use Modified Bitumen in Road Construction-Second Revision, Indian Road Congress. [9] IS 33:1970, specification for coarse and fine aggregs from natural sources for concrete-second Revision, Bureau Indian Standards. [10] IS 36(Part IV):1963, Methods Test for s for Concrete, Bureau Indian Standards. [11] Jim Carlisle, (009), Toxicological prile for Bisphenol-A, Office Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. [1] John wargo, (00), Plastics that may be harmful to children and reproductive health, environment & human health, Inc. [13] Neetu Singh, (016), Unpropitious effect bisphenola and its impact on human health, International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, Volume-4 Issue-VI, pp [14] Rachel Gibson, (007), Toxic baby bottles - Scientific study finds leaching chemicals in clear plastic baby bottles, Environment California research and policy center. [1] Tapase, A.B., and Kadam, D.B., (014), Performance evaluation polymer modified bitumen in flexible pavement, Journal Environmental Research and Development, Vol., No. 3, pp [16] Vasudevan, R., Rajasekaran, S., and Samuvel Paulraj. (013), Reuse waste plastics cod aggregsbitumen mix composite for road application Green Method, American Journal Engineering Research, E- ISSN: P-ISSN: , Volume-0, Issue-11, pp [17] Vatsal Pl, Snehal Popli, and Drashti Bhatt, (014), Utilization plastic waste in construction roads, International Journal Scientific Research, ISSN NO , Vol. 3, Issue-4, pp [1] Verma S.S., (00), Roads from plastic waste, Indian Concrete Journal, pp [19] Vidula Swami, Abhijeet Jirge, Karan patil, Suhas patil, Sushil patil, and Karan salokhe, Use waste plastic in construction bituminous road, International Journal Engineering Science and Technology, ISSN: , Vol. 4, No.0, pp All rights reserved by 1