Generating Your Own Power On-Site Distributed g g Generation & the Interconnection Process
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1 Northern Ohio Energy Management 2010 A highly integrated full-service Generating Your Own Architectural, Power On-Site Distributed g g Engineering g and Generation & the Interconnection Process Management Firm with Offices Nationwide.
2 Agenda I. Introductions i. Marty Ellman, Mgr Energy Technology, Middough ii. Roger Savako, Mgr Distribution Planning & Protection, FirstEnergy iii. Dan Engerer, Sr Eng Distribution Planning & Protection, FirstEnergy II. Distributed ib t Generation (DG) Middough Overview i. System considerations, Suggested meetings, Standards III. IV. Interconnection to the FirstEnergy System i. Distribution System Retail Level, Application Process Questions / Discussion
3 Discussion Items Distributed Generation (DG) equipment and the Interconnection Process, what is involved and required in this process; best practices, suggested meetings, utility requirements, IEEE1547 interconnection compliance, utility coordination & protection issues 1547 PUCO case associated with the Commission's i response to provisions of the Federal Energy Policy Act of 2005, including Net Metering, Smart Metering and Demand Response, Cogeneration and Power Production Purchase and Sale Requirements, and Interconnection Utility interconnection requirements, distribution vs. transmission, utility coordination & protection issues, required meetings, submittal requirements, forms, and agreements
4 Current Energy Issues Green Power Green Buildings Sustainable Design Renewable Energy Air Quality Improvement Green House Gas Reduction Bio Mass Renewable Gas to Energy Projects Wind, Solar, Geothermal, and Hydro Power Deregulation Utilities End User Cost Fuel Cost Hedging g Reliability Distributed Generation (DG) Energy Policies / Security Emerging Technologies middough
5 US Energy Consumption: 100 Quadrillion BTU s Fossil Fuels 85% Coal 23% Natural Gas 24% Petroleum 10% Petroleum (Imports) 27% Other (Imports) 1% Nuclear 8% Renewables 7% Biomass 3.7% Hydroelectric 2.4% Wind 0.50% Geothermal 0.35% Solar 0.07%
6 Distributed Generation (DG) Business Sectors Energy and Utilities Manufacturing Life Sciences Food and Beverages Consumer Products Chemical Refinery Glass Metals Commercial Retail Education
7 Distributed Generation (DG) Types & Systems Emergency Generation Cogeneration CHP Combined Heat and Power Bio Mass / Bio Gas Generation Steam and Gas Turbines Reciprocating Diesel & Gas Engines Microturbines Fuel Cells Wind Solar Geothermal Hydro
8 Energy and Utility Planning Power System Computer Modeling Short Circuit Analysis Load Flow Analysis Protective Device Coordination Arc Flash Protection (PPE) Power Factor Correction Harmonic Filtering Power Quality Metering (PQM) Hydraulic Analysis Energy Audits, Studies, Usage and Efficiency Utility Rate Structure Interface Economic Evaluations and Planning Probable Cost of Construction Estimates
9 Energy and Utility Design Power Plant Systems High Voltage Transmission and Distribution Low and Medium Voltage Distribution Distributed Generation Substation and Distribution Equipment Specification Emergency Generation UPS, Uninterruptible Power Supply Steam/Hot Water Generation Waste Heat Recovery Chilled Water Compressed Air Fuel Gas
10 Project Management Project Controls FEL AFE Detailed Engineering/Construction/Commission Conceptual Feasibility Definition Implementation DSP DSP DSP DSP (Optimize) (FEED) (Execute) Start-up/Close-out High Concept Design Ability to Influence Cost Procurement Construction Low Time Start-up
11 Combustion Turbine Installations Three 130 MW NG Combined Cycle Generation
12 Combined Heat and Power Facility Cinergy Solutions Five 5.5 MW NG Turbines Four HRSG s (Heat Recovery Steam Generators) Two 800 KW Diesel Backup Generators Black Start and Island Mode Capability
13 Combined Cycle Cogeneration Facility 10 MW Landfill and Digester Gas Biogas Cogeneration 10 MW, 4160VAC Rated Generation 2 Mile LFG Pipeline, 5KV Feeder, and Fiber Optic Tie Landfill and Digester Gas Treatment Equipment Facility Building Additions High and Low Pressure Gas Compressors LFG/DG -NG Gas Mixing Station Combustion Turbine & Generator (CT) Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG & BMS) Steam Turbine & Generator (ST) Feed Water System (DA/BFW) Condenser and Cooling Towers Paralleling Switchgear & Control Facility PLC/HMI Control System Facility MCC's & Low Voltage Switchgear Black Start Generation & Island Operation
14 WWTP Cogeneration Facility
15 Emergency Power Facility 12 MW Natural Gas and Digester Gas WWTP Emergency Power (3) Reciprocating NG Gas Engines (2) Reciprocating NG/DG Gas Engines (1) Reciprocating Diesel Engine Digester Gas Pretreatment Facility Building Modifications Utility Paralleling Peak Shaving with DG Water Cooled Engines Hot Water Heat Recovery Capable
16 Emergency Power Facility 12 MW Diesel Emergency Power 12MW, 13,800VAC rated generation (16MW w/ provisional addition) Six 2.0 MW Diesel Generators (Eight 2.0 MW w/ provisional addition) Air Cooled Engines w/ Radiators Facility Black Start and Island mode capability Utility Load Share / Peak Shaving capability Highlights: Facility Site Layout Equipment Specification Facility Load, Short Circuit, and Coordination Studies Paralleling Switchgear and Utility Interconnection Environmental Emissions Permitting Low NOx Engines Noise Attenuation Diesel Fuel Storage and Day Tank Fuel Distribution HMI graphical control & facility interface Auxiliary 300KW Black Start t Generator
17 Emergency Power Facility 225MWDi 2.25 Diesel Emergency Power 2.25MW, 25MW 4,800VAC rated generation One 2.25 MW Diesel Generator Air Cooled Engine w/ Radiator Facility Black Start and Island mode capability (One Chiller and Assoc Facility Support Systems) Utility Load Share / Peak Shaving capability Highlights: Facility Site Layout Equipment Specification Facility Load, Short Circuit, and Coordination Studies Paralleling Switchgear and Utility Interconnection Environmental Emissions Permitting Noise Attenuation Diesel Fuel Storage and Day Tank Fuel Distribution HMI graphical control & facility interface
18 Emergency Power Facility 2 MW Natural Gas WWTP Emergency Power (2) 1MW GE Energy Jenbacher Gas Reciprocating Engines Paralleling Switchgear and Utility Interconnection Water Cooled Engines Water-to-Water Heat Exchangers Boiler Feed Water Hot Water Heat Recovery Capable Facility Building Addition 600KVAR Power Factor Correction
19 Microturbines Power Generation Fuel Cells Power Generation
20 Wind Turbines Power Generation Solar Photovoltaics Power Generation
21 Electrical Reliability Improvements Substation ti & Protective ti Relay Upgrade Arc-Resistant Switchgear Substation Bldg and Relay House Feeder Reconfiguration Facility Protective Relay Replacement Utility Interface & Coordination 1-Line, 3-Line, Elementary, Panel Layout, Wiring, IC, and Network Diagrams, PMCS, C&C Schedule and Installation Drawings Factory Panel Acceptance Witness Testing On-site Commissioning, Sequence Cutover Scheduling, and Construction Administration
22 Some Types of DG Applications & Terms I. Stand-By Power / Emergency Power II. Prime Power III. Peak Shaving, Load Shedding, Load Sharing, Base Loading IV. Cogeneration and Combined Heat & Power V. Grid Connected, Islanding, Black Start VI. Make Before Break and Ramped Transition VII. Extended Parallel Non-Flow Back VIII. Extended Parallel Flow Back IX. Protective Relaying, Reverse Power, Intertie Protection, SCADA X. Utility Power Plant Generation XI. Transmission & Distribution XII. Interconnection Process and Application XIII. DLS Detailed Load Study XIV. Stand-by Charges, Net Metering
23 DG System Considerations Fuel Source Quantity & Availability Profile Fuel Source Equiv BTU Content and HHV/LHV Values Fuel Source Treatment Requirements Fuel Source Storage Requirements DG Equipment Options Best Fit Evaluation including System % Efficiency DG Equipment Options Electric, Steam, Hot Water, Chilled Water Facility Needs/Use Facility Load Profile Best Use Integration: Load Share vs Base Loading Utility Interconnection Requirements / Use of Power: Prime vs Standby Utility Interconnection Requirements: Standby Charges, Interruptible Rate, Net Metering System Reliability Requirements Environmental and Emissions Permitting Requirements Green Energy Credits: REC s, Green Tags, Carbon Offset Credits, etc. Rate of Return, Payback, and Life Cycle Analysis Community Involvement Project Champion(s) Others
24 Interconnection Process Review Items I. Distributed Generation equipment and the Interconnection Process, what is involved and required in this process. (System Considerations) II. Best Practices (Design Considerations) III. IV. Suggested/Required Meetings Utility Requirements i. Utility Coordination & Protection Issues ii. Application & Required Information V. IEEE1547, IEEE1547.1, and UL1741 Interconnection Compliance 1547
25 Questions / Discussion i After FirstEnergy Presentation
26 On-site DG on FirstEnergy s Distribution System Northern Ohio Energy Management Workshop September 29, 2010 Roger Savako & Dan Engerer CLIENT LOGO -26- Interconnection Process
27 Today s Topics 1. FirstEnergy s Electric Systems in Ohio 2. Distributed Generation (DG) Interconnection Rules/Standards 3. How to Apply 4. IEEE 1547 Standard & Equipment Certification 5. Inside FirstEnergy s Technical Review CLIENT LOGO -27- Interconnection Process
28 FirstEnergy System Voltages in Ohio Transmission 69 kv, 138 kv, 345 kv Subtransmission 23 kv and 34.5 kv Distribution (Primary) 2.4 kv through kv Secondary & Service 120/240 V, 120/208 V 1-phase 120/208 V, 277/480 V 3-phase CLIENT LOGO -28- Interconnection Process
29 FirstEnergy System 138 kv Transmission..and 23 kv Overhead and Underground Systems CLIENT LOGO -29- Interconnection Process
30 FirstEnergy System.. and kv Overhead Distribution Systems 69 kv Transmission CLIENT LOGO -30- Interconnection Process
31 Today s Presentation Retail Distributed Generation Interconnected and Operating in Parallel with FirstEnergy s Distribution System Akron Metro RTA Transit Center Source: CLIENT LOGO -31- Interconnection Process
32 Today s Presentation Rules and Standards for Generator Interconnections Mode of Generator Operation Open Transition Transfer Closed-Transition Transfer Less than millisecond milliseconds s or more Parallel Operation Generator Purpose Emergency Backup Offsetting Energy Selling Energy Market Retail Wholesale Local, State, and National Codes X X X X X IEEE 1547 Standard X X X UL 1741 Standard Applies to inverter systems only State Interconnection Rules & Regulations X X Net Energy Metering Tariffs X FERC Rules for Interconnection PJM/MISO Procedures and Standards X X CLIENT LOGO -32- Interconnection Process
33 PUCO Interconnection Process Rules for Utilities OAC Chapter Not unduly burdensome or expensive for applicant 2. Nondiscriminatory and uniform 3. First come, first served CLIENT LOGO -33- Interconnection Process
34 PUCO Interconnection Process Rules for Utilities OAC Chapter Application process appropriate for complexity of proposed DG Application Process Criteria Certified system Level 1 Simplified Inverter-based 10 kw or less connected to radial distribution circuit Level 1.1 Simplified 10 kw or less connected to utility network system Level 1.2 Simplified 50 kw or less connected to utility network system Certified system Level 2 Level 3 Expedited Standard Inverter or machine generation 2,000 kw or less in aggregate on utility circuit Non-certified systems 20,000 kw or less in aggregate on utility circuit.. to protect public and worker safety and system reliability. CLIENT LOGO -34- Interconnection Process
35 PUCO Interconnection Process Rules for Utilities OAC Chapter Fees appropriate for complexity of proposed DG Review time after receipt of Application Application fee completed application (Business Days) Level 1 None 20 Level 1.1 None 40 Level 1.2 None 45 Level 2 $50 plus $1 per kw of generator nameplate capacity 20 Level 3 $100 plus $2 per kw of generator nameplate capacity (Varies, but typically 30-60) Customer also pays actual costs for FirstEnergy s review, study, and system upgrades. CLIENT LOGO -35- Interconnection Process
36 PUCO Interconnection Rules for Applicants OAC Chapter Interconnection equipment must be IEEE 1547 compliant: Certified equipment OR Conformance testing. 2. Solar equipment power source clearly labeled in accordance with NEC Article Utility accessible disconnect switch 4. Must apply for interconnection with utility For complete list, refer to to protect public and worker safety and system reliability. CLIENT LOGO -36- Interconnection Process
37 FirstEnergy DG Interconnection Process Application for Interconnection & Parallel Operation FE Screening FE Technical Review, Notification of Approval, and Customer Requirements Interconnection Agreement and Net Energy Metering Rider Engineering & Construction Local Agency Electrical Inspection Appropriate Metering Installation CLIENT LOGO -37- Interconnection Process
38 How to Apply Refer to com>our Electric Companies>Additional Information> Net energy metering & small generation interconnection process CLIENT LOGO -38- Interconnection Process
39 FirstEnergy Application Customer information Consulting engineer/contractor information Desired D i d in-service i date One-line diagram Site plan Equipment package specifications & schematics Inverter certification Mode of operation & energy forecasts Installation & maintenance test plans CLIENT LOGO -39- Interconnection Process
40 IEEE 1547 Standard All DG interconnections must meet the requirements of IEEE Protection Requirements Anti-islanding Fault detection Detection of abnormal voltage Detection of abnormal frequency Synchronization of generator Open phase detection Reconnection following abnormal condition disconnect Harmonic limits for equipment Others Certification testing procedures for equipment CLIENT LOGO -40- Interconnection Process
41 PUCO Interconnection Rules for Applicants OAC Chapter : (B) - Equipment is considered to be Certified if it has been: (i) Submitted by a manufacturer to a nationally recognized testing laboratory for certification. (ii) Type-tested consistent with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers standard, effective as set forth in Rule 4901: of the Administrative Code. (iii) Listed by a nationally recognized testing and certification laboratory for continuous interactive operation with a utility grid in compliance with the applicable codes and standards listed in Rule 4901: of the Administrative Code. CLIENT LOGO -41- Interconnection Process
42 UL 1741 Inverter Certification UL 1741 is a testing standard which certifies that an inverter meets all the requirements of the IEEE 1547 Standard. An inverter can be certified by any Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) recognized by OSHA. CLIENT LOGO -42- Interconnection Process
43 Inside FirstEnergy s Technical Review System Impact Study Complexity of study is generally a function of generator size Impact of generator s short-circuit current contribution Impact on other customers voltage Conductor and device loading Impact of directional changes in power flow Relay coordination Residential 10 kw Solar Panel Potential for generator islanding Transmission Line Line Recloser R Voltage Regulator Substation G Industrial with DG 2500 kw Generator CLIENT LOGO -43- Interconnection Process
44 Inside FirstEnergy s Technical Review Farm using wind power Small solar R G Substation Industrial customer With rotating machines Large Solar Additional installations >> additional complexity! CLIENT LOGO -44- Interconnection Process
45 Generator Islanding Line Device Opens R Substation DG Machine Generator IEEE 1547 Standard, clause 4.4, states that interconnection equipment shall detect and shall cease to energize the utility power system within two seconds of the formation of an island. CLIENT LOGO -45- Interconnection Process
46 Generator Islanding Source: EPRI, Engineering Guide for Integration of Distributed Generation and Storage into Power Distribution Systems. CLIENT LOGO -46- Interconnection Process
47 Typical DG Relaying and Metering Scheme 12.47Y/7.2 kv Distribution System FE-Owned Customer-Owned Net Metering Relaying (IEEE 1547) 51N 50/51 Phase Overcurrent 51G Ground Overcurrent 51N Neutral Overcurrent Bkr 27 Undervoltage 59 Overvoltage 81 Under/overfrequency CLIENT LOGO -47- Interconnection Process
48 FirstEnergy Contacts Retail Distribution FE Customer Service Bruce Remmel Senior Engineer Dan Engerer Senior Engineer Wholesale - Transmission or Distribution Mike Thorn Manager, Agreements For more information, visit. Electric Companies>Additional Information CLIENT LOGO -48- Interconnection Process
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