Spectroscopy with UVC LEDs in Environmental Monitoring & Life Sciences

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Roland Waters
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1 Spectroscopy with UVC LEDs in Environmental Monitoring & Life Sciences Hari Venugopalan Director, Product Management 6/21/2016

on lattice matched aluminum nitride substrates Fewer defects, higher light output, longer

2 ABOUT CRYSTAL IS Parent Company: Asahi Kasei Core businesses in Chemicals & Fibers, Homes & Construction Materials, Electronics and Healthcare Location: Green Island, NY Technology: UVC LEDs on lattice matched aluminum nitride substrates Fewer defects, higher light output, longer lifetimes ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company Launched Optan line of LEDs for instrumentation applications in

3 OUTLINE Applications for UVC Spectroscopy Drivers for UVC LED Adoption UVC LED Spectroscopy in Environmental Monitoring UVC LED Spectroscopy in Life Sciences Summary 3

4 UV WAVELENGTH RANGE 4

5 KEY SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES USED IN INSTRUMENTS Mass Spectrometry Molecular Spectroscopy UV-Vis (Absorption) Fluorescence Atomic Spectroscopy 5

6 SPECTROSCOPIC APPLICATIONS FOR UVC LEDs High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Cleaning Validation Capillary Electrophoresis Life Sciences & Healthcare Dissolution Testing Dialysis adequacy DNA Purity Nitrate Monitoring Oil-in-water Monitoring PAH Monitoring UVC Absorption & Fluorescence Environmental Monitoring NOx Monitoring Microscopy BTEX Monitoring Ozone Monitoring Drinking Water & Wastewater Monitoring Examples covered in this webinar 6

7 DRIVERS FOR UVC LED ADOPTION 7

8 LIGHT SOURCES FOR UV SPECTROMETERS Traditional UV lamps Deuterium lamps Xenon flash lamps Mercury lamps UV LEDs Attributes: Light intensity, breadth of spectrum Power consumption, lifetime Warmup time, instant on/off 8

9 HIGHER LIGHT INTENSITY OF UVC LEDs ENABLES BETTER SENSITIVITY Higher intensity of UVC LEDs: Shorter detector integration times & less noise Increased sensitivity in fluorescence Higher intensity of UVC LEDs also means: Less sensitive, lower cost detectors can be used 9

10 LOWER INITIAL SYSTEM COSTS WITH UVC LEDs UV Lamps in Spectroscopy: 1. Costly monochromators 2. PMTs/Photodiode arrays for detection 3. Multiple, high voltage power supplies UV LEDs in Spectroscopy: 1. No monochromators 2. Inexpensive photodiode 3. Low-voltage LED drivers Using UVC LEDs eliminates 40%- 80% of the cost. Design simplification also reduces instrument footprint. 10

11 LOWER COST OF OWNERSHIP WITH UVC LEDs Lower power consumption of UVC LEDs means lower operating costs Longer lifetime of UVC LEDs & duty cycle mode operation leads to longer replacement cycles 11

12 BETTER STABILITY OF UVC LEDs ENABLES LOWER LIMITS OF DETECTION 12

13 LIGHT SOURCES HAVE A STRONG IMPACT ON SPECTROMETER PERFORMANCE, COST & PORTABILITY LIGHT SOURCE ATTRIBUTE SPECTROMETER TARGET INTENSITY STABILITY OF LIGHT COST, BREADTH OF SPECTRUM LIFETIME, POWER CONSUMPTION Cost Performance SENSITIVITY NOISE PURCHASE COST COST OF OWNERSHIP SIZE INCL. POWER SUPPLY TURN ON VOLTAGE Portability INSTRUMENT FOOTPRINT BATTERY OPERATION WARM UP TIME, INSTANT ON/OFF Prod. WALKUP USE 13

14 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING APPLICATIONS 14

(UV254, SAC, UVT) Total organic carbon (TOC) Chemical

15 UVC LEDs CAN BE USED TO MEASURE A WIDE RANGE OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS Parameters/compounds: UV absorbance (UV254, SAC, UVT) Total organic carbon (TOC) Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Biological oxygen demand (BOD) Nitrates 15

16 PROCESS OPTIMIZATION: CONTINUOUS UVT MONITORING IN WATER DISINFECTION Eliminate health hazards by preventing under-dosing Realize cost savings by avoiding over-dosing 16

coagulation Prevent membrane fouling Extend the life of the carbon used in

17 COST REDUCTION: SIGNIFICANT ENERGY SAVINGS WHEN WATER QUALITY IS BETTER Other advantages of UVT monitoring: Reduce chemical consumption in coagulation Prevent membrane fouling Extend the life of the carbon used in filtration 33% ENERGY SAVINGS FOR CHANGE IN UVT FROM 60% TO 70% 17 Source: Sensorex case study

TOC/COD MONITORING OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGE FOR REGULATORY COMPLIANCE Example: Monitoring treated wastewater discharge in India: Mandatory monitoring for highly polluting

18 TOC/COD MONITORING OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGE FOR REGULATORY COMPLIANCE Example: Monitoring treated wastewater discharge in India: Mandatory monitoring for highly polluting industries Water quality information (COD, BOD) has to be transmitted to pollution board every 15 min High spectral quality enables linearity of measurement over a wide absorbance range 18

sewer or environment in wastewater systems Reduces costs: By avoiding discharge or pollution fines Detect early

19 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE: MONITORING FOR OIL IN HEAT EXCHANGERS WITH FLUORESCENCE Fluorescence signal from oil using 280 nm LED Oil monitoring can also prevent: Excess hydrocarbons from entering boilers Discharge into the sewer or environment in wastewater systems Reduces costs: By avoiding discharge or pollution fines Detect early leaks, that lead to costly repairs High light output allows for trace detection at ppb level 19 Source: WETLabs case study

EXHUAST SCRUBBING THE LOW COST OPTION TO MEET REGULATIONS ON LOWER EMISSIONS Ships use bunker fuel which can have sulfur content of up to 45,000 ppm MARPOL has set standards to reduce sulfur in

20 EXHUAST SCRUBBING THE LOW COST OPTION TO MEET REGULATIONS ON LOWER EMISSIONS Ships use bunker fuel which can have sulfur content of up to 45,000 ppm MARPOL has set standards to reduce sulfur in marine fuel By 2020, sulfur content should be below 5000 ppm 15 largest ships in the world create more pollution than all the cars in the world Cheaper alternative is using high sulfur fuel with scrubbers Washwater is treated before discharge into the sea 20 Source: Rose George, Ninety Percent of Everything, 2013

21 MONITORING WASH WATER FOR PAHs PREVENTS POLLUTION TRANSFER TO WATER Low concentration levels of PAHs such as phenanthrene can be measured using fluorescence spectroscopy at 255 nm excitation High light output of UVC LEDs enables measurement of low concentrations of PAH (phenanthrene) & good spectral quality helps in linearity of measurement 21 Source: Chelsea Case Study

22 LIFE SCIENCE APPLICATIONS 22

REDUCING COST (& FOOTPRINT) WHILE IMPROVING ACCURACY IN HPLC Applications: Protein purification Quality control in pharma Biotech research 44 mm diameter x 44 mm long $1,500 detector Detector Noise

23 REDUCING COST (& FOOTPRINT) WHILE IMPROVING ACCURACY IN HPLC Applications: Protein purification Quality control in pharma Biotech research 44 mm diameter x 44 mm long $1,500 detector Detector Noise Drift System Optan LED 8 µau 67.7 µau/hr Deuterium Lamp 13.5 µau µau/hr 23 Excellent linearity of measurement Source: Marion Research Case Study Exceeded the performance of single wavelength detectors at less than half the cost, and less than one tenth the size, weight, and power consumption.

24 REPLACING DEUTERIUM LAMPS IN CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS (CE) DETECTORS Separation of a mixture in a capillary tube under an electric field Used for analyzing: Small volumes In drug development to separate basic and chiral pharmaceuticals. Traditional detector Deuterium lamp Monochromators for wavelength selection Photomultipliers (PMTs) for signal measurement LED-based detector Optan LED Monochromators for wavelength selection Si photodiode for signal measurement LED emission spectrum eliminates need for monochromators and higher LED intensity eliminates PMT s Leads to 80% less cost 24 Source: Duy Anh Bui, Peter C. Hauser, Absorbance detector for capillary electrophoresis based on light-emitting diodes and photodiodes for the deep-ultraviolet range, Journal of Chromatography A (2015)

25 REDUCING SYSTEM COSTS WHILE MAINTAINING PERFORMANCE IN CE Measures of performance: Baseline noise which impacts limit of detection (LOD) Linearity of measurement up to the highest concentrations tested Good linearity confirms adherence to Beer-Lambert s law as well as negligible levels of stray light Baseline noise, µau Deuterium lamp Similar noise level for Optan LEDs to expensive, deuterium lamp detectors Optan LEDs lower noise than sapphire LED detectors 25 Source: Duy Anh Bui, Peter C. Hauser, Absorbance detector for capillary electrophoresis based on light-emitting diodes and photodiodes for the deep-ultraviolet range, Journal of Chromatography A (2015)

and pharmaceuticals Micro-volume UV/Vis Spectrophotometer Linearity of measurement over 3 orders of magnitude

26 ENSURING USER ACCURACY IN MICROVOLUMES Micro-volume UV/Vis: Small samples ranging from 1µL or lower DNA Quantitation: Measuring DNA concentration & purity First step in biotechnology, forensics, genomic research, and pharmaceuticals Micro-volume UV/Vis Spectrophotometer Linearity of measurement over 3 orders of magnitude from ng/µl High light output of LEDs ensures accuracy in small volumes Low detection limit of 0.5 ng/µl 26

PROCESS CONTROL: MONITORING OF URIC ACID FOR END POINT

blood Monitor uric acid concentration to determine adequacy of

concentration Measurement of dialysis adequacy (Kt/V values) avoids

27 PROCESS CONTROL: MONITORING OF URIC ACID FOR END POINT DETERMINATION IN DIALYSIS Optically measure urea transfer from blood Monitor uric acid concentration to determine adequacy of dialysis Linear dependence of 280 nm absorbance on uric acid concentration Measurement of dialysis adequacy (Kt/V values) avoids over-dialysis with precise end point determination and benefits BOTH patients and providers 27

28 SUMMARY Several applications in environmental monitoring & life sciences are leveraging UVC LEDs today Measurement at discrete wavelengths UVC LEDs can offer several advantages for spectroscopy: Performance (sensitivity, signal to noise) Usage cost (Ease of maintenance and use, low operating cost) Instrument cost (simpler design) Data acquisition (faster acquisition and data analysis) Portability (smaller footprint, low voltage operation) Safety (cold, low voltage solid state source) 28

29 Thank you! 29

Thermo Scientific GENESYS 10S Bio spectrophotometer

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS GENESYS 10S Bio UV-Visible Spectrophotometer Thermo Scientific GENESYS 10S Bio spectrophotometer Accurate and convenient life science UV-Visible measurements Designed for performance