Improving Anaerobic Conversion of Pulp Mill Secondary Sludge to Biogas by Pretreatment
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1 Improving Anaerobic Conversion of Pulp Mill Secondary Sludge to Biogas by Pretreatment Nicholas Wood, Honghi Tran and Emma Master University of Toronto TAPPI EPE Conference Memphis, TN, October 12-14, 2009
2 Wastewater Treatment Waste Water Primary Treatment O 2 CO 2 Secondary Treatment Treated Effluent Primary Sludge Secondary Sludge Dewatering/ Incineration/ Disposal 2
3 Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanketing (UASB)) Digester Biogas Degassing Unit Gas-liquid-solid separator Effluent Anaerobic granule sludge blanket Wastewater Influent distribution 3
4 Treatment System Incorporating UASB Digester Biogas (CH 4, CO 2 ) UASB Digester O 2 CO 2 Aerobic Treatment Treated Effluent Secondary Sludge Wastewater Dewatering/ Incineration/ disposal 4
5 Treatment System Incorporating UASB Digester and Sludge Pretreatment Biogas (CH 4, CO 2 ) UASB Digester O 2 CO 2 Aerobic Treatment Treated Effluent Secondary Sludge Wastewater Pretreatment Dewatering/ Incineration/ disposal 5
6 Objective To investigate the effectiveness of several pretreatment methods in increasing the anaerobic digestibility and biogas yield of pulp mill secondary sludge 6
7 Sludge Samples Kraft Sludge (KS) Bleached kraft pulp mill Uses an aerobic stabilization basin system to treat its effluent. Sulphite Sludge (SS) Ammonium based sulphite pulp mill Uses an activated sludge system and an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) digester to treat several mill wastewater streams prior to aerobic treatment. Methanogenic culture for SS and KS Microbial granules formed in the UASB digester at the sulphite mill. Samples stored at 4 o C in sealed plastic bags Anaerobic granules stored at 4 o C in glass serum bottles 7
8 Pretreatment Methods Thermal Pretreatment: 170 o C for 1 hour Caustic Pretreatment: NaOH pellets were dissolved in the sample slurry (ph 12) 140 o C for 1 hour, ph adjusted to 7. Sonication Pretreatment: Sonicated at 20 khz to induce cavitation at an intensity of 1 kw/l, using a tubular sonication unit 8
9 Sludge Characterization Chemical composition TSS VSS COD Protein Biogas Production Biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay 9
10 Sludge Analysis Sulphite Sludge (SS) Kraft Sludge (KS) TSS, g/l VSS, g/l COD, g/l Soluble COD, % of total Carbohydrates, g/l Soluble carb., % of total Protein, g/l Soluble protein, % of total ph Sulphate, g/l Calcium, g/l Iron, g/l
11 Effect of Pretreatment on VSS 100 Reduction in VSS (%) Sulphite Sludge Kraft Sludge 0 Thermal Caustic Sonication 11
12 Effect on Soluble COD Soluble COD (%) Sulphite Sludge Kraft Sludge 0 Untreated Thermal Caustic Sonication 12
13 Effect on Soluble Carbohydrates Soluble Carbohydrates (%) Sulphite Sludge Kraft Sludge Untreated Thermal Caustic Sonication 13
14 Effect on Soluble Protein Soluble Protein (g/l) Sulphite Sludge Kraft Sludge 0.0 Untreated Thermal Caustic Sonication 14
15 Biogas Produced from SS Cumul. Biogas Produced (L/g COD) Thermal Causti c Untreated Sonication Time (days) 15
16 Biogas Produced from KS 0.3 Cumul.Biogas Produced (L/g COD) Thermal Caustic Sonication Untreated Time (days) 16
17 Effect on Biogas Production Total Biogas Production (L/g COD) Sulphite Sludge Kraft Sludge Untreated Thermal Caustic Sonication 17
18 Biogas Production vs. Soluble Carb. Total Biogas Production (ml) Sulphite Sludge Kraft Sludge y = 6.02x R 2 =0.96 y = 4.52x R 2 = Soluble Carbohydrates Added (mg) 18
19 Summary Effects of thermal, caustic and sonication pretreatment methods on anaerobic conversion of SS and KS to biogas were investigated. Biogas production from untreated SS was four times higher than that from untreated KS 19
20 Summary Thermal pretreatment was the most effective in improving the rate and extent of biogas yield of SS and KS sludges; followed closely by caustic pretreatment; sonication was the least effective Soluble carbohydrate content may be used as an indicator for the biogas production potential 20
21 ! Alberta Pacific! Alberta Research Council/AFRI! DTE Petcoke! FPInnovations! Jammbco Acknowledgements Members of Research Consortium on Alternative Fuels for Lime Kilns! Kiln Flame Systems! Zellstoff Celgar! Members of Research Consortium Increasing Energy & Chemical Recovery Efficiency in the Kraft Process! NSERC 21
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