CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM-SSC-PDD) Version 03 - in effect as of: 22 December 2006

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1 CONTENTS Annexes CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM-SSC-PDD) Version 03 - in effect as of: 22 December 2006 A. General description of the small scale project activity B. Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology C. Duration of the project activity / crediting period D. Environmental impacts E. Stakeholders comments Annex 1: Contact information on participants in the proposed small scale project activity Annex 2: Information regarding public funding Annex 3: Baseline information Annex 4: Monitoring Information 1

2 Revision history of this document Version Date Description and reason of revision Number January Initial adoption July 2005 The Board agreed to revise the CDM SSC PDD to reflect guidance and clarifications provided by the Board since version 01 of this document. As a consequence, the guidelines for completing CDM SSC PDD have been revised accordingly to version 2. The latest version can be found at < December The Board agreed to revise the CDM project design 2006 document for small-scale activities (CDM-SSC-PDD), taking into account CDM-PDD and CDM-NM. 2

3 SECTION A. General description of small-scale project activity A.1 Title of the small-scale project activity: Title: Efficient Fuel Wood Stoves for Nigeria Version: 2.1 Date of completion: Previous versions: Version 1, completed Version 2, completed This document was developed under the requirements of the Gold Standard PDD completed by atmosfair ggmbh and LHL e.v. A.2. Description of the small-scale project activity: Purpose of the project activity The purpose of the project activity is the dissemination of up to 12,500 efficient fuel wood stoves (SAVE80) and heat retaining polypropylene boxes (hereafter referred to as the SAVE80 system) in different states located in the Guinea Savannah Zone of Nigeria, at subsidized prices. Users are households who previously used inefficient, traditional fireplaces. Deforestation and desertification have become a major concern in the area, as wood demand for household energy largely exceeds the available renewable woody biomass. The SAVE80 system saves up to 80% of fuel wood. By reducing the fuel wood consumption, the project activity hence reduces green house gas emissions stemming from the use of non-renewable biomass. A single SAVE80 system will save 2.72 t of CO 2 e per year. The whole project activity is expected to prevent the emission of 300,000 tonnes of CO 2 e until Up to now, highly efficient woodstoves with savings of 80 % are not available in the country. Available improved wood stoves are relatively inefficient, with biomass savings not exceeding 30% as compared to traditional fireplaces. However, they have not gained any significant foothold in the country. The project is implemented by the Nigerian Developmental Association for Renewable Energies (DARE), the German Non-Governmental Organisation Lernen-Helfen-Leben e.v. (LHL e.v.) and the German carbon offset organisation Atmosfair ggmbh. Technology to be employed The SAVE80 is a portable stove developed and prefabricated by a German manufacturer and assembled locally. It has a nominal effective thermal power of 1.5 kw. As per specification by the manufacturer, it needs only about 250 g of small brittle sticks of wood to bring 6 litres of water to the boil, 80% less than traditional fire places. On one side near the upper rim there is a quadratic port for feeding fuel into the burning chamber. After lighting, air is sucked in and enters the burning chamber from below. The design 3

4 ensures preheating of the air and a complete combustion with no visible smoke and only small amounts of ash. Exhaust air outlets are on the side opposite the feeding port. The stove is suitable for cooking, frying, heating and sterilising water and baking flat bread. After reaching the boiling point, food can be transferred to the heat retention box (called Wonderbox ), where it will continue to simmer until it is well cooked. Planned implementation schedule for the project Period Average N of SAVE80 systems operating* , , , , , , , , , , ,500 * i.e. fully operational during the whole specified period Measures undertaken as part of the project activity Organisational structure of the project atmosfair funds and prefinances the project activity. SAVE80 components are ordered in Germany and shipped to Nigeria. Once the shipments arrive in Nigeria the SAVE80 parts are transported to several workshops and sales centres. Stoves are assembled by locals previously trained by DARE. The SAVE80 stoves are numbered, i.e. receive an identification number (Cooker-ID) once the shipments arrive on the premises of DARE. DARE conducts sales and monitoring trainings. Trainings and demonstrations of using the Save80 and the Wonderbox are conducted in all target areas of the project. DARE is also responsible for customer support. DARE will be the owner of the Certified Emission Reductions. atmosfair is the main CDM project developer and purchaser of CERs from DARE. DARE is responsible for user data collection and storage, and a central database where all relevant information required for monitoring will be recorded. DARE will assign a CDM monitoring officer for this purpose. LHL will assess data for monitoring. LHL will, together with atmosfair, prepare the monitoring report. 4

5 Description of marketing and sales strategy DARE s main office is located in Kaduna, Kaduna State. From there, SAVE80 systems are sold to households in Kaduna State as well as in other states in the middle belt of Nigeria. Other offices and workshops will be set-up to facilitate the dissemination of the SAVE80 systems. Awareness creation and cooking demonstrations are conducted frequently in different areas, where user households are informed about the benefits of the SAVE80 system, especially about the savings in firewood consumption. Local focal points (church communities, associations, unions etc.) facilitate the sales procedure. User Agreements When a user purchases a SAVE80 system, it will be property of the user. However, as CDM funding is subsidising sales of the SAVE80 system, users agree in the purchase contract - to cede all CERs to DARE as the implementing organisation - to cooperate with DARE for monitoring purposes - to replace their traditional fireplaces by the SAVE80 system - to inform DARE if the SAVE80 system is not in use anymore or handed over to another user The purchase contract also holds information on - the price of the SAVE 80 system and the different modes of payment (cash, instalments) - the name of the buyer and his contact details (village, Local Government Area, State, mobile phone number, if applicable), street name and number (if applicable) - the name of the user and his contact details (if different from the buyer, e.g. the wife of the buyer) - The identification number (Cooker-ID) of the cooker which has been handed over to the user. The buyer confirms in the Purchase Contract that up to the date of purchase, wood has been used as primary fuel. Households that were only using fossil fuels (Kerosene, LPG) or Electricity for cooking are not eligible to receive the SAVE80 at the reduced price. The buyer also confirms that his traditional fireplaces will not be used anymore and will be disposed of. This will be checked when the SAVE80 system is delivered. Payment schemes DARE offers payments in instalments to overcome the financial constraints of many customers. Monthly instalments are agreed upon, where the payments are collected by the focal point (e.g. church communities) or deducted from the monthly salaries (in case of associations, unions etc.). The information obtained from the user is then transferred to an electronic project database, managed by DARE. In addition, hardcopies of the purchase contract will be stored at the office from DARE. 5

6 Structure of Project Database information Stove No. (Cooker- ID) Name Address Phone Contact person 93 Isaac Kure No. 5/7 Gwari Rd., Malali, Kaduna, 257 Ahmed T. Mayere I Abj. Rd., Rigasa, Kaduna Isaac Kure Isaac Kure Isaac Kure Date of purchase agreement Delivery Date Starting Date CERs Yes Ending Date CERs Payment and Payment Rates R, 2,167 NGN per month Yes R, 2,167 9 NGN per month Each SAVE80 cooker will start to generate emission reductions in the month following the delivery of the SAVE80 system, to account for delays between signing the Purchase Contract and first use. In case replacement of a SAVE80 cooker within the same household is necessary, e.g. due to damage or theft, the household will get a new SAVE80 cooker with a corresponding new identification number. The household will sign a new purchase contract where the number is noted. A copy of the old purchase agreement will be stapled on the new purchase contract, and a new database entry will be made. The date of last use of the old SAVE80 cooker will be recorded. In case of a drop-out of a user (e.g. due to shift of the household to a location outside of the Guinea Savannah Zone, or if the user is not using the SAVE80 anymore), the ending date of the SAVE80 use will be noted and recorded in the database. The drop-outs can be replaced by other interested households, so that the number of systems operating refers to the actual number of systems in use, not to the amount of SAVE80 systems sold. For this reason, the serial number of a SAVE80 may be higher than 12,500. In case of a change of ownership of the SAVE80, whereby the new owner remains within the Guinea Savannah Zone, the old owner will be replaced by the new one in the database and in the purchase contract. In case the cookers are disseminated via focal points, information about the respective contact person is entered into the database. A manual for correct numbering, delivery and data storage is developed to avoid mismatches. Delivery of the first subsidised SAVE80 systems started in April Contribution to sustainable development Besides saving greenhouse gases, the project helps to - bring wood consumption down so as to allow natural recovery of forests and/or reforestation to take place, - diminish Indoor Air Pollution from wood smoke and avoid its harmful health consequences, - diminish the fuel wood bill for households, 6

7 - contributes to the preservation of wood resources so as to avoid inter-communal and/or interreligious conflict over resources. See the GS Passport for additional information on sustainable development impacts. A.3. Project participants: Name of Party involved (*) ((host) indicates a host Party) Private and/or public entity(ies) project participants (*) (as applicable) Nigeria (host) 1) Developmental Association for Renewable Energies Kindly indicate if the Party involved wishes to be considered as project participant (Yes/No) No Germany 1) Atmosfair ggmbh 2) Lernen-Helfen-Leben e.v. No No (*) In accordance with the CDM modalities and procedures, at the time of making the CDM-PDD public at the stage of validation, a Party involved may or may not have provided its approval. At the time of requesting registration, the approval by the Party(ies) involved is required. A.4. Technical description of the small-scale project activity: A.4.1. Location of the small-scale project activity: A Host Party(ies): The Federal Republic of Nigeria A Region/State/Province etc.: The project activity is located in the states belonging to the Guinea Savannah Zone of Nigeria. 7

8 Source: Map derived from The following states mainly belong to the Guinea Savannah Zone: Map Number State Population (Census 2006) 7 Benue 4,219, Enugu 3,257, Kaduna 6,066, Kogi 3,278, Kwara 2,371, Nasarawa 1,863, Niger 3,950, Oyo 5,591, Plateau 3,178, Taraba 2,300, Federal Capital Territory (FCT) 1,405,201 TOTAL 11 37,482,442 8

9 A City/Town/Community etc: The SAVE80 systems will be installed in up to 12,500 households in the Guinea Savannah Zone. A Details of physical location, including information allowing the unique identification of this small-scale project activity : The coordinates of DARE s main office in 97/98 Kachia Road, Kaduna, are used to represent the physical location of the project activity Latitude: N Longitude: E A.4.2. Type and category(ies) and technology/measure of the small-scale project activity: The project falls under the Appendix B of the simplified modalities and procedures for small scale CDM project activities. Project Type (ii): Project Category G: Energy Efficiency Improvement Projects Demand-side energy efficiency programmes for specific technologies Technology of project activity The SAVE80 is a portable stove developed and prefabricated by a German manufacturer and assembled locally to create employment and income. It has a nominal effective thermal power of 1.5 kw. As per specification of the manufacturer, the SAVE80 needs only about 250 g of small brittle sticks of wood to bring 6 litres of water to the boil, 80% less than traditional fire places. On one side near the upper rim there is a quadratic port for feeding fuel into the burning chamber. After lighting, air is sucked in and enters the burning chamber from below. The design ensures preheating of the air and a complete combustion with no visible smoke and only small amounts of ash. Exhaust air outlets are on the side opposite the feeding port. The stove is made of stainless steel and weighs about 4 kg. Wood in small pieces, diameter and length about that of a finger, is fed into the stove through the quadratic opening. Smoke is seen only immediately after kindling. The stove is suitable for cooking, frying, heating and sterilising water and for baking flat bread. After reaching the boiling temperature, food for instance rice can be transferred to the Wonderbox, a device for retained-heat cooking. There it will continue to simmer until it is well cooked. In the meantime, the SAVE80 can be used to prepare the sauce. The Wonderbox is made of expanded polypropylene, unbreakable, stackable, lightweight, fitting the 8-litres pot of the Save80 and keeping the temperature for a long time. After 2 hours the temperature decreases from 100 C to about 90 C, after 12 hours it is still 65 C. The Wonderbox allows important energy savings in addition to the savings by the Save80. However, these energy savings will not be taken into account in the CDM project activity. The Save80 components are shipped in large packages to reduce volume. A 40-ft container HC (High Cube) can accommodate the components for 1,400 stoves with equipment. Assembling the stoves is done in a workshop at the site of destination. Once the market size in Nigeria is sufficient, it is planned to fabricate the SAVE80 in Nigeria. 9

10 Industrial production allows constant quality standards. The heat retaining box (left) and the SAVE80 A.4.3 Estimated amount of emission reductions over the chosen crediting period: The table below is based on the ex-ante estimation of emission reductions for all years of the 10 years crediting period. Summary of the ex-ante estimation of emission reductions for the crediting period Years Estimation of annual emission reductions in tones of CO 2 e 2009 ( ) 1, , , , , , , , , , ( ) 19,849 10

11 Total emission reductions (tonnes of CO 2 e) 313,092 Total number of crediting years 10 Annual average of the estimated reductions over the crediting period (tco 2 e) 31,309 A.4.4. Public funding of the small-scale project activity: There is no public funding of the project activity. All subsidies for the project are stemming from CDM revenues. A.4.5. Confirmation that the small-scale project activity is not a debundled component of a large scale project activity: The proposed small-scale project activity is not a debundled component of a large scale project activity, as there is no registered small-sale CDM project activity or an application to register another small-scale CDM project activity With the same project participants; In the same project category and technology/measure; Registered within the previous 2 years; and Whose project boundary is within 1 km of the project boundary of the proposed small-scale activity at the closest point. The proposed small-scale CDM project activity is among the first CDM project activities in Nigeria and the first one applying small-scale methodology AMS II.G. SECTION B. Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology B.1. Title and reference of the approved baseline and monitoring methodology applied to the small-scale project activity: The small-scale project activity is a Type (ii) project: Energy Efficiency Improvement Projects and applies the small scale baseline and monitoring methodology AMS II G., version 1, Energy Efficiency Measures in Thermal Applications of Non-Renewable Biomass B.2 Justification of the choice of the project category: The project category AMS II.G., version 1, Energy Efficiency Measures in Thermal Applications of Non-Renewable Biomass is applicable because the category comprises small appliances involving the 11

12 efficiency improvements in the thermal applications of non-renewable biomass. Examples of these technologies and measures include the introduction of high efficiency biomass fired cook stoves or ovens or dryers and/or improvement of energy efficiency of existing biomass fired cook stoves or ovens or dryers. The project activity consists of the dissemination of high efficiency biomass fired cook stoves. The project activity will save non-renewable biomass which would otherwise have been consumed by less efficient cooking appliances. Further, as there is no similar registered small-scale CDM project activity in the same region, the project activity is not saving the non-renewable biomass accounted for by the other registered project activities. As of October 2008, there was only one registered CDM project in Nigeria, consisting of recovery of gas in an oil-gas processing plant. Non-renewable biomass has been used since 31 December According to FAO Data (2003, see Section B.4, Step 3), the share of non-renewable biomass in the Guinea Savannah Zone in 1995 was as high as 65%. One can therefore reasonably assume that the share of non-renewable biomass was above 0% already in The National Greenhouse Gas Inventory gives indirect evidence that NRB has been used on a large scale since that date and even before. This evidence concerns - The decline of forestry areas in Nigeria due to land-use change, with an estimated loss of more than 54,000 km² of lowland rainforests (from 184,000 km² in 1989 to 130,000 km² in 2007). Equally, the Savannah area has dropped from 325,000 km² in 1989 to 230,000 km² in 2007, a loss of more than 100,000 km², and is expected to further decline in the coming years. - The increase of emissions from the forest sector: The GHG-Inventory states that the changes in forest and other wood biomass (F&WB) contributed the majority of emissions from land use change, followed progressively by forests and grasslands (F&G) Conversions. This means, that considerable surfaces ceased to be a sink and became an emitter. Net emissions due to Changes in Forest and other woody biomass increased from 52, Gg CO 2 in 1988 to 94, Gg CO 2 in Likewise, FAO data show a dramatic decline in growing stock in forest land, as can be seen from the table below. Growing stock in Nigeria (forest land) 2 Growing stock in forest and other wooded land (mio m³) ,061 1,611 1,386 1: Obioh, Imoh (2003): Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Nigeria: , p See also charts provided in Annex 3D 2 FAO (2005): Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005, Country Tables Nigeria, p.20, ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/ai919e/ai919e00.pdf 12

13 The anthropogenic factors which drive land use change are primarily population pressure on land (i.e. mean population per unit area), intensity of agricultural activities, rate of forest logging and other wood products extraction activities, urbanization and other major developmental activities. 3 Consequently, land use change has led to a significant increase in CO 2 emissions since then. Limit of the Small-Scale Activity The small-scale activity is limited to 180 GWh annual energy savings. Calculation of annual energy savings: Thermal energy savings per SAVE80 system are calculated by multiplying the annual biomass savings per SAVE80 system with its calorific value: Energy Savings = B ysavings NCV biomass Where: = B y (1- η old / η new ) NCV biomass = 4, t (1-0.1/0.3515) 4,167 kwh/t = 13, kwh = GWh B y Quantity of biomass used in the absence of the project activity in tonnes 4, t per appliance) (see Section B.4.) η old Efficiency of the system being replaced (0.1) (see Section B.4.) η new Efficiency of the system being deployed as part of the project activity (0.3515) (see Section B.4.) NCV biomass Net calorific value of the non-renewable biomass that is substituted (IPCC default for wood fuel, TJ/tonne, corresponds to 4,167 kwh/t) (see Section B.4.) The maximum number of SAVE80 systems eligible to be disseminated in this project activity is therefore limited to 180 GWh/ GWh/SAVE80 systems = 12,975 SAVE80 systems The project activity will remain under the limit of small-scale project activity types (annual energy savings below 180 GWh) during every year of the crediting period, because the maximum number of SAVE80 systems disseminated under the project will be limited to 12,500 systems. The number of disseminated SAVE80 systems is recorded in the database. Only the SAVE80 systems recorded in the database will be part of the project activity. Therefore, AMS II.G. is applicable to the project activity. 3 Obioh, Imoh (2003): Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Nigeria: , Chapter 5, p.87 13

14 B.3. Description of the project boundary: The project boundary is the physical, geographical area of the use of non-renewable biomass, as defined in AMS II G. Emission savings from reduced biomass transport due to reduced consumption are not taken into account. B.4. Description of baseline and its development: It is assumed that in the absence of the project activity, the baseline scenario would be the use of fossil fuels for meeting similar thermal energy needs. Therefore, emission reductions are calculated by multiplying the thermal energy from annual biomass savings stemming from non-renewable biomass with an emission factor for fossil fuels. The baseline scenario is identified by applying the following steps: Step Description Data sources 1 Determination of average annual biomass consumption per Household Baseline Survey household (B y ) 2 Determination of the efficiency of the replaced (η old ) and the deployed (η new ) system for calculation of biomass savings per user Experiment 3 Determination of the share of Non-Renewable biomass FAO Data (f NRB,y ) 4 Determination of the fossil fuel most likely to be used by Household Baseline Survey similar consumers (EF projected_fossilfuel ) 5 Ex-ante calculation of emission reductions: Estimation of the number of new systems in use (N) Project Implementation Schedule Step 1: Determination of average annual biomass consumption According to AMS II. G., Annual biomass savings are calculated by multiplying the average annual consumption of biomass per appliance (tonnes/year) with the efficiency gains of the new system being deployed. The average annual consumption can be derived from a survey of local usage, conducted for the different zones of typical fuel composition. Design of the Household Baseline survey The design of the survey was developed following guidelines from FAO (2002) 4. Participants of the survey are households in the target area of the project activity, i.e. in the States belonging to the Guinea Savannah Zone, in particular households who wish to obtain or have already (recently) obtained a SAVE80 system, randomly selected. Given a total number of households (= total number of potential SAVE80 users) in the project area of approximately 5 million, a confidence level of 95% and a confidence interval of +/- 5%, the required sample size to receive statistically sound results is FAO (2002): A Guide for Woodfuel Surveys, 14

15 Therefore, the survey was conducted in 392 households. Selection of households: The survey was carried out in two phases: Phase I, with a total number of 198 participating households, took place from June to July 2008 and encompassed households in: Setting Target Area State N of Households Rural Kachia Kaduna 39 Rural Tafa Niger 50 Urban Chikun Kaduna 11 Urban Kaduna North Kaduna 31 Urban Kaduna South Kaduna 8 Urban Chanchaga Niger 48 Urban Igabi Kaduna 11 As address lists for households are not available in Nigeria, the households were selected by first dividing the target areas into four parts: North, South, East, West. In every part, two interviewers carried out the survey in randomly selected households. Phase II started in August 2008 with the objective to ask as many SAVE80 users as possible who had recently obtained the SAVE80. In total, 194 households participated in: Setting Target Area State N of Households Urban Chikun Kaduna 7 Urban Igabi Kaduna 5 Urban Jos North Plateau 2 Urban Jos South Plateau 52 Urban Kaduna North Kaduna 73 Urban Kaduna South Kaduna 44 Urban Sabon Gari Kaduna 3 Urban Zaria Kaduna 8 Participants were asked to show the amount of fuel wood used on a normal day (before putting the SAVE80 in use); this amount was then weighed using a spring balance. The weekly consumption of charcoal was determined by interview, the amount of wood needed for charcoal was calculated by multiplication with 6 5. For further details, please refer to Annex 3A 5 according to Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Reference Manual, Chapter Energy, p. 1.45, Values for estimating the amount of carbon released through charcoal production and consumption, the wood-to-charcoal factor, are stated to be between 4 and 8. If no local information is available, 6 kg of wood input per kg of charcoal may be used as default, 15

16 Results of the Household Baseline Survey The survey showed that 81% of households are using wood fuel (fuel wood and/or charcoal) as energy source for cooking. As for wood fuel consumption, the 10% lowest and highest values (i.e. the 5% lowest and the 5% highest values) of those found to use either fuel wood, charcoal, or both, were removed to account for outliers. From the remaining cases (297 households that are using fuelwood and/or charcoal) the mean weekly consumption was found to be kg (instead of kg for all households) +/ kg, on 95% confidence level. To account for uncertaintites, the lower value of the 95% confidence level is taken. Therefore, the value used to calculate the mean annual consumption is kg 6.71 kg = kg. The mean annual consumption among wood fuel user households is therefore kg/week * 52 weeks = 4, kg. Discussion and Conclusion In the Baseline Survey, the average number of eaters per household among wood fuel users was found to be Hence, mean annual fuel wood consumption per head is 583 kg, or t. Wood Fuel Surveys from Nigeria and other African countries show a similar or higher consumption for fuelwood and charcoal (see Table below) Rural (t/head/a) Urban (t/head/a) Total (t/head/a) Survey Country Region Year Comments only firewood (estimated Cline-Cole et al. Nigeria Kano household size: 8) DESA South Sahara Afica Firewood & Charcoal E. L. Hyman Nigeria North Wood equivalent of household cooking energy Anozie et al. Nigeria demand Brouwer/Falcao Mozambique Maputo Firewood & Charcoal FAO-Wisdom Burundi Firewood & Charcoal FAO-Wisdom DRC Firewood & Charcoal FAO-Wisdom Kenya Firewood & Charcoal FAO-Wisdom Rwanda Firewood & Charcoal FAO-Wisdom Sudan Firewood & Charcoal FAO-Wisdom Tanzania Firewood & Charcoal FAO-Wisdom Uganda Firewood & Charcoal Note: Used Conversion Factor Wood: t/m³, NCV 15 MJ/kg 16

17 Cline-Cole et al. 6 state in their survey of fuel wood consumption in Kano, in 1987: Mean monthly consumption of firewood in a sample of 80 households was found to be 332 kg, and highly variable between households and zones. Cline-Cole et al. did not calculate the amount of wood needed for charcoal making. Given these figures, the annual fuel wood consumption (without charcoal) in 1987 was 3,984 kg, in a time when Kerosene was still subsidised and much cheaper than today. Since then many households have switched from exclusive or predominantly use of Kerosene to fuel wood, due to increasing Kerosene prices. Therefore, the results of the baseline survey are in the range of other studies carried out in the region resp. in Sub-Sahar-Africa and can be used to determine average annual biomass consumption per household in the baseline scenario. Step 2: Determination of the efficiency of the replaced and the deployed system for calculation of biomass savings According to AMS II.G., biomass savings are calculated by multiplying the average annual consumption of biomass per appliance per year, as derived from step 1, with the efficiency gains (1-η old /η new ) of the system being deployed as part of the project activity. The efficiencies of the old and new systems are measured with the Water-Boiling-Test. The old system is the three-stone-fire, commonly used in the project area. The new system is the SAVE80 system. The test was conducted on 15/10/2008 in Düsseldorf, Germany. 4 kg of 18 C cold water each was heated up to 100 C. The quantity of needed firewood for the SAVE80 and the Three-Stone-Fire was measured. The results are as follows: Comparison of 3-stone-fire and cook stove Save80 (15 th of October 2008) Cook stove Save 80 3-stone-fire Water quantity kg Temperature difference K Specific heat of water kj/(kg*k) Effective energy kj 1,371 1,371 Quantity of firewood used g 260 1,180 Net Calorific Value kj/kg 15,000 15,000 Energy of consumed firewood kj 3,900 17,700 Efficiency η % Efficiency gain WBT (1- η old /η ne ) % Cline-Cole et al, 1987: Wood Fuel in Kano, (Page 9 of the pdf-file) 17

18 See Annex 3B for details. Another Water-Boiling Test carried out by Dr. Seiffert, on in Germany, showed an efficiency of the SAVE80 of 50.1%, and an efficiency of the Three-Stone-Fire of 10.3%. The calculated efficiency gains are hence 79.45%. Both tests are in line with the specifications of the manufacturer, that state efficiency gains of 80%, with a nominal efficiency of the Save80 of 50% 7. The efficiency of the metallic tripod stove used in Nigeria which is already an efficiency improvement as compared to the three-stone-fire - is mentioned in the Renewable Energy Master Plan 8 as below 10%. However, given the fact that, though the three-stone fire is commonly used in the project acrea, other stoves types that have a higher efficiency are in use as well, 10% will be used as efficiency of the old system η old. Therefore, efficiency gain is 1- η old /η new = / = = 71.55% Discussion and Conclusion The efficiency of the whole SAVE80 system is even higher once the Wonderbox is considered: The Water Boiling Test only compares the efficiency of the cooker tested, but does not take into account savings stemming from the use of the heat retaining device (Wonderbox). In practice, meals are only cooked a short time in the SAVE80 cooker and finished in the Wonderbox, without any consumption of firewood. Additional fuel wood savings of up to 50% are possible. Therefore, it can be reasonably assumed that the values for η new and η old. are conservative. Efficiency of the new system η new will be tested for the different vintages as part of the monitoring. The values obtained from these tests will be used to calculate the emission reductions (see Section B.7.1.) Note: The first vintage consists of all SAVE80 systems sold since the project start date until the end of the first monitoring period, the second vintage of all SAVE80 systems sold during the second monitoring period, the third vintage of all SAVE80 systems sold during the third monitoring period, and so forth. Step 3: Determination of the Share of Non-Renewable Biomass According to AMS II. G., Project participants must determine the share of renewable and non-renewable biomass in the total biomass consumption using nationally approved methods (e.g. surveys or government data if available). 7 Specifications from the manufacturer 8 REMP (2005): Renewable Energy Master Plan, Final Draft Report, Energy Commission of Nigeria, UNDP, p.85,, 18

19 The determination of the share of non-renewable biomass (NRB) in the project area is based on FAO data 9, comparing the sustainable yield (the mean annual increment of woody biomass, here expressed as production ) with annual demand in the project area. The project area, as stated under Section A encompasses states in the ecological zone Guinea Savannah. The following equation is used to calculate NRB 10 : (1) NRB = H MAI Where: H = the annual harvest of fuel wood (i.e. annual demand in m³) MAI = sum of mean annual increments (i.e. annual production in m³) The share of NRB in total biomass consumption is calculated using the equation: (2) f NRB,y = NRB/H The FAO study shows the Fuel Wood Production and Demand from 1994 to 2010 (2005 and 2010 data are estimates) 9 FAO (2003): Experience of Implementing National Forestry Programmes in Nigeria, p.42., ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/005/ac918e/ac918e00.pdf 10 Derived from Gold Standard Cook Stove Methodology, p. 28, 19

20 Share of Non-Renewable Biomass by ecological regions (2005 figures are used) 11 Ecological Region Guinea Savannah Fuel Wood Production ( 000m3) 7,861 7,635 6,500 6,149 5,797 Fuel Wood Demand ( 000m3) 22,464 22,808 25,033 26,271 26,417 Share NRB 65% 67% 74% 77% 78% Sudan Savannah Fuel Wood Production ( 000m3) 3,163 3,267 2,767 2,748 2,359 Fuel Wood Demand ( 000m3) 16,054 17,054 19,577 20,118 20,660 Share NRB 80% 81% 86% 86% 89% Applying equation (1) for 2005 figures: NRB = 26,271,000 m³ - 6,149,000 m³ = 20,122,000 m³ for the Guinea Savannah Zone Applying equation (2) the share of NRB is f NRB,y = 20,122,000 m³ / 26,271,000 m³ = 77% for the Guinea Savannah Zone Discussion and Conclusion The National Forest Conservation Council of Nigeria (NFCCN) estimates that forests in Nigeria will be cleared entirely within 12 years if current rates of deforestation are not reduced. The lack of reforestation activity means clearing is not being offset by new plantings. With forests almost gone in the north of the country already, the loss of tree cover is also thought to be helping accelerate the spread of deserts and reduce farming land. A report by the NFCCN last year estimated that 35 per cent of arable land had been lost to desertification in the north over the last 50 years FAO (2003): Experience of Implementing National Forestry Programmes in Nigeria, p.42, ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/005/ac918e/ac918e00.pdf 12 Nigerian s Forest could go by 2020,

21 Step 4: Determination of the fossil fuel likely to be used by similar consumers According to AMS II. G., the emission factor for the substitution fuel likely to be used is to be taken. The Household Baseline Survey (see Step 1) shows that Kerosene is widely used among households for various purposes (84% of all households), mainly to facilitate kindling fuel wood and for lighting, less for cooking, whereas only 14% of households are using LPG. A study from the Centre for Household Energy and the Environment (CEHEEN) 13 confirms that Kerosene is the fossil fuel mostly used for household energy. According to this study, the energy requirement for the household energy sector in Nigeria is dominated by fuelwood, meeting 80% of the demand, followed by kerosene (10%), LPG (4%), charcoal (3%), and other biomass (3%). Hence, it can be concluded that Kerosene is the fossil fuel likely to be used by similar consumers. Therefore, an emission factor for Kerosene is applied to calculate emission reductions, using the IPCC default value. Step 5: Ex-ante calculation of emission reductions: Estimation of the number of systems in place (N) As the last step, the emission reduction per system is multiplied with the number of systems operating in the project activity. The maximum number of systems in the small-scale project activity is , as explained under Section B.2. The follwing schedule is planned or the dissemination of the SAVE80 systems: Period Average Number of SAVE80 systems operating* , , , , , , , , , , ,500 *i.e. fully operational during the whole specified period 13 Obueh (2001): Using a household energy technology to promote small scale enterprises in rural communities in Nigeria The egaga stove experience, in: Boiling Point 47/01:28 21

22 The actual calculation of emission reductions of the project activity will be based on the number of systems operating and their start of operation (recorded in the database, see monitoring). B.5. Description of how the anthropogenic emissions of GHG by sources are reduced below those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered small-scale CDM project activity: 1. Previous announcement screen There has not been a public announcement of the project activity going ahead without CDM. As CDM is the only external source of funding, the project activity could not go ahead without CDM funding. The project activity is financed upfront for future CERs. 2. Additionality Additionality is demonstrated by applying the Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality (v05, EB 39). It is shown that the implementation of the project activity would not be possible without CDM funding. There are no cooking energy projects in Nigeria on a larger scale funded by national or international institutions. Improved wood fuel stoves with the same efficiency and lifespan are not available in Nigeria. Step 1: Identification of alternatives to the project activity consistent with current laws and regulations: Sub-step 1a. Define alternatives to the project activity: Alternative scenario 1: Project activity implemented as Non-CDM Alternative scenario 2: Continuation of current situation: Firewood, charcoal from non-renewable sources and fossil fuels would continue to supply thermal energy for the users (baseline scenario). Sub-step 1b. Consistency with mandatory laws and regulations: There is no general law that prohibits fuelwood extraction from forests. Only for protected areas fuelwood extraction is not permitted, but even in these areas people continue to extract firewood. Hence, laws and regulations concerning the protection of forestry areas exist in Nigeria are not enforced. Illegal harvest of non-timber outputs 14 is estimated as high as 90 percent, and some 40 percent in the case of timber. 15 In order to prevent the total depletion of Nigeria s forest resources, the Government of Nigeria has set aside 96,000 km 2 of forest, about 10% of Nigeria s total land area as forest reserves. Of these reserves which are held in trust for the local communities by the state Governments, about 76,000 km 2 i.e. 75% are located in the Savannah zone and 20,000 km 2 i.e. 25%, in the High Forest zone. However, they suffer from poor governance. 14 Fuel Wood is considered as a non-timber forest product, see e.g. FAO: Contributions of selected Non-Timber Forest Products to Household Food Security in Osun State, Nigeria, 15 Federal Department of Forestry (2001): The forest revenue system and government expenditure on forestry in Nigeria, p.46, ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/af165e/af165e00.pdf 22

23 Within a process of decentralization a devolution of power from central to meso- and local level governments has taken place in steps since the 1960s. However, the latter have no real power to act and they lack resources even if they could carry out effective forest governance. Therefore, the alternative scenario continuation of the current situation is a realistic and credible alternative to the project scenario. Step 2: Investment analysis Instead of an investment analysis, a barrier analysis is conducted. Step 3: Barrier analysis Sub-step 3a. Identify barriers that would prevent the implementation of the proposed CDM project activity: - Investment Barrier: The SAVE80 system requires substantial initial funding from the user (120 Euro, currently around 170 USD) if sold without subsidies. SAVE80 users do not dispose of the necessary means, neither do they have access to credits 16. Therefore, the SAVE80 at its original price is not affordable to average Nigerian households. Similar activities in the region have only been implemented with grants. For example, refugee camps in Chad have been equipped with SAVE80 systems with financial support from UNHCR. 17 No loans are available to typical beneficiaries of the project activity, no mirocredit system is established. Besides CDM funding, no other external funding sources are available for the project. - Technological Barriers: The technology (SAVE80 stove and heat retaining box) is not available in Nigeria. Other improved cooking stoves, though available in Nigeria, have not the potential to reduce the fuel wood consumption at the same high level as the SAVE 80 stove. Locally available improved cooking stoves do not reduce fuel wood consumption by more than 30%. - Prevailing Practice: The project activity is the first of its kind in Nigeria. SAVE80 systems have not been disseminated in Nigeria before. Sub-step 3 b. Show that the identified barriers would not prevent the implementation of at least one of the alternatives (except the proposed project activity): The identified barriers would not prevent the alternative scenarios 2, since the identified barriers only apply to the specific technology. 16 The average annual income per capita in Nigeria was 930 USD in 2007 (Source: : ~pagePK: ~piPK: ~theSitePK:239419,00.html, ) 17 As of June 2008, the manufacturer had delivered more than SAVE80 systems to the refugee camps, financed by UNHCR and other donors. 23

24 Step 4. Common practice analysis No similar activities were found to be undertaken with significant impact in the project area. Sub-step 4a. Analyze other activities similar to the proposed project activity: The Renewable Energy Master Plan for Nigeria 18 states: Enhancing economic efficiency of energy use is vital to achieve the best utilization of biomass resources and to protect the environment, and should be given high priority However, the plan also states that, despite Research & Development programmes, improved stoves of the types known up to now have not gained any significant foothold in any part of the country, because of the inefficiency of the local fuel wood stoves. There have been several pilot projects to disseminate improved cooking stoves to household users in Nigeria, e.g. the Egaga Stove Dissemination programme 19-3,274 local devices used to support cooking pots over traditional open fires were distributed in the first phase in 2000 in two communities in the Southwest of Nigeria - and the Methanol Stove Project (~ 150 stoves) in Delta State 20. These projects have not led to a broader diffusion of improved cooking stoves. Other renewable alternatives to the use of Non-renewable biomass or fossil fuels for cooking (e.g. plant oil, gas of biogenic origin, solar cookers) have not gained any significant importance in Nigeria. Briquettes made from wood waste have recently become available in Nigeria. They could be used in the SAVE80, if their size was reduced to allow them being fed through the quadratic opening of the stove. Sub-step 4b. Discuss any similar options that are occurring: Similar activities in the region have only been implemented with grants. The above mentioned pilot projects for locally available improved cooking stoves have all received external funding, but were limited in their scope. There has not been any widespread dissemination programme for improved cooking stoves in Nigeria. Therefore, it can be concluded that the project activity is additional. 3. ODA screen No ODA funding is included. 4. Conservative approach As per the methodology AMS II G, the emission factor of the fossil fuel likely to be used by similar consumers, Kerosene, has to be used. Compared to the emission factor for wood, which is 112 t CO 2 /TJ (see 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, p. 2.23), only 64% of the de facto emission reductions when using the SAVE80 are taken into account. 18 Final Draft 2005, Section 2.3.3a.2 19 Obueh, Joe: Using a household energy technology to promote small scale enterprises in rural communities in Nigeria The egaga stove experience, in: Boiling Point 47 (2001), p. 27f. 20 Obueh, Joe: Methanol stoves for indoor air pollution reduction in Delta State, Nigeria addressing the needs of people for clean energy, in: Boiling Point 52 (2006), p. 27ff. 24

25 Further, as users are equipped with a heat retaining device, the Wonderbox, total CO 2 savings from the use of the SAVE80 system are higher than calculated in Section B 6.3. Addition fuel wood savings of up to 50% can be achieved. Emission reductions through the use of the Wonderbox are not taken into account. Furthermore, reduced transport emissions due to lower biomass consumption 21 and savings due to less Kerosene consumption for kindling of Save80 users are not considered. 5. Technology transfer The SAVE80 system leads to firewood savings of 80%, being more efficient than other, locally available, improved cooking stoves. The SAVE80 systems are prefabricated in Germany and shipped to Nigeria. The SAVE80 components are assembled in workshops created by the project. Staff is trained to assemble the SAVE80. This increases human capacity related to improved household energy technology. Once there is a reasonable market in Nigeria, it is planned to produce the SAVE80 in the country. B.6. Emission reductions: B.6.1. Explanation of methodological choices: According to Small-Scale Methodology AMS II. G., version 01, Energy Efficiency Measures in Thermal Applications of Non-Renewable Biomass, emission reductions are calculated on the basis of the emissions of a fossil fuel with the same energy content as the non-renewable biomass displaced. The annual biomass quantity used in the absence of the project activity is determined using option (a) Calculated as the product of the number of appliances multiplied by the estimate of average annual consumption of biomass per appliance (tonnes/year), because it delivers accurate data. Leakage Assessment According to AMS II. G, the following potential sources of leakage have to be assessed: a) Use/diversion of non-renewable biomass saved under the project activity by non-project households/users who previously used renewable energy sources. If this leakage assessment quantifies an increase in the use of non-renewable biomass used by the nonproject households/users attributable to the project activity then By is adjusted to account for the quantified leakage. The Baseline Survey, as described under Section B.4., showed that 81% of the households are using wood fuel as their main source of cooking energy. Renewable energy sources, as described under Section B.5 (Analysis of other activities similar to the proposed project activity) have not gained any significant importance in the country. Therefore, the number of non-project users who previously used renewable energy sources and will now use the biomass saved under the project activity can be neglected. Moreover, if a return to wood energy occurs, it is likely to be motivated by the unavailability and high price of Kerosene in the first line. Another potential leakage source, heating, can be ruled out as well. Households do not heat their houses, as the minimum temperature, even in colder regions, does not go below 12 C (see Annex 4A). 21 The Baseline survey showed that 96% of the households are buying fuelwood from traders. 25

26 b) Use of non-renewable biomass saved under the project activity to justify the baseline of other CDM project activities can also be potential source of leakage. If this leakage assessment quantifies a portion of non-renewable biomass saved under the project activity that is used as the baseline of other CDM project activity then By is adjusted to account for the quantified leakage. Assessment: There is no other CDM project activity within the project boundary that uses non-renewable biomass to justify a baseline for the project activity. As of May 2009, there was only one registered CDM project activity in Nigeria Recovery of associated gas that would otherwise be flared at Kwale oil-gas processing plant, Nigeria using methodology AM0009 ver. 2 c) Increase in the use of non-renewable biomass outside the project boundary to create nonrenewable biomass baselines can also be potential source of leakage. If this leakage assessment quantifies an increase in use of non-renewable biomass outside the project boundary then By is adjusted to account for the quantified leakage. Assessment: Similar to b), given the fact that there is no other CDM project activity that uses non-renewable biomass to create non-renewable, there is no danger of leakage. However, to account for uncertainties, a Leakage Correction Factor L y of 0.99 will be applied to the Baseline biomass consumption (B y ), i.e. 1% of the biomass consumption is deducted to calculate the emission reductions. Equations to be used for calculation of emission reductions per SAVE80 system: According to AMS II. G., the emission reductions per cooker that can be claimed under the CDM from efficiency improvements in the use of NRB are calculated using the following equation: ER y B y, savings f NRB, y NCVbiomass EF projected _ fossilfuel Where: ER y B y,savings ƒ NRB, y NCV biomass EF projected_fossilfuel Emission reductions during the year in t CO2e Quantity of biomass that is saved in tonnes Fraction of biomass saved by the project activity in year y that can be established as non-renewable biomass using survey methods Net calorific value of non-renewable biomass that is substituted (IPCC default value for fuel wood TJ/tonne, i.e. 15 MJ/kg wood) Emission factor for the substitution of non-renewable biomass by similar consumers 26

27 Calculation of Biomass Savings (B y,savings ): (1 n, savings yadjusted, i old i 1 new, i B y B n old Byappliance Ly N y i (1, i 1 ) new, i ) Where: B y,adjusted,i B yappliance N y,i n y,j t y,j L y η old η new,i Adjusted Quantity of Biomass used in the absence of the project activity (tonnes/year/vintage) Average Annual biomass consumption per appliance (tonnes/year) (remains fixed throughout the crediting period) Number of appliances operating per year and vintage Appliance operating per year and vintage Fraction of operation time per SAVE80 system per vintage (months/months per year) Leakage Correction Factor (remains fixed throughout the crediting period) Efficiency of the system being replaced, measured using representative sampling methods or based on referenced literature values (fraction) (remains fixed throughout the crediting period) Efficiency of the system being deployed as part of the project activity (fraction) per vintage Number of appliances operating per year (N y,i ): Ny. i N y, i ny, j t y, j j 1 Where: n y,j t y,j Appliance operating per year and vintage Fraction of operation time per SAVE80 system per vintage (months/months per year) 27

28 B.6.2. Data and parameters that are available at validation: B yappliance Data / Parameter: Data unit: tonnes/year Description: Quantity of Biomass used in the absence of the project activity (per appliance) Source of data used: Baseline Survey Value applied: Justification of the See Section B.4. Step 1 choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied : Any comment: Data / Parameter: L y Data unit: fraction Description: Leakage Correction Factor Source of data used: Derived from Leakage Assesment Value applied: 0.99 Justification of the See Section B.6.1. choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied : Any comment: Data / Parameter: η old Data unit: fraction Description: Efficiency of the system being replaced Source of data used: Water-Boiling Test Value applied: 0.1 Justification of the See Section B.4. Step 2 choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied : Any comment: 28

29 Data / Parameter: ƒ NRB, y Data unit: fraction Description: Fraction of non-renewable biomass saved by the project activity Source of data used: FAO (2003): Experience of Implementing National Forestry Programmes in Nigeria (see ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/005/ac918e/ac918e00.pdf) Value applied: 0.77 Justification of the See Section B.4. Step 3 choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied : Any comment: Data / Parameter: Data unit: Description: Source of data used: Value applied: Justification of the choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied : Any comment: NCV biomass TJ/t Net calorific value of non-renewable biomass that is substituted IPCC default value for fuel wood TJ/tonne Default value that is provided in AMS II G Data / Parameter: Data unit: Description: Source of data used: Value applied: Justification of the choice of data or description of measurement methods and procedures actually applied : Any comment: EF projected fossil fuel t CO 2 /TJ Emission factor for the substitution of non-renewable biomass by similar consumers IPCC default value for Kerosene 715 t CO 2 /TJ See Section B.4. Step 4 29

30 B.6.3 Ex-ante calculation of emission reductions: I. Ex-ante calculation of emission reductions per SAVE80 system in use: (1) ER y,appliance = B y,savings,appliance ƒ NRB, y NCV biomass EF projected fossil fuel = B y,appliance L y (1- η old / η new ) ƒ NRB, y NCV biomass EF projected fossil fuel = t 0.99 (1-0.1/0.3515) TJ/t 71.5 t CO 2 /TJ = t CO 2 /year Where: ER y, appliance B y,savings B y,appliance L y η old η new ƒ NRB, y NCV biomass EF projected fossil fuel Emission reductions during the year in t CO2e per appliance Quantity of biomass that is saved in tonnes per appliance Average Annual biomass consumption per appliance (tonnes/year) Leakage Correction Factor Efficiency of the system being replaced, measured using representative sampling methods or based on referenced literature values (fraction) Efficiency of the system being deployed as part of the project activity (fraction), as determined ex-ante Fraction of biomass saved by the project activity in year y that can be established as non-renewable biomass using survey methods Net calorific value of non-renewable biomass that is substituted (IPCC default value for fuel wood TJ/tonne, i.e. 15 MJ/kg wood) Emission factor for the substitution of non-renewable biomass by similar consumers (71.5 t CO 2 /TJ) II. Ex-ante estimation of Number of systems in use The average number of systems operating (N y ), according to the implementation schedule of the project, is used to estimate ex-ante the number of systems in use Period Average Number of SAVE80 systems operating* , , , , , ,500 30

31 , , , , ,500 * i.e. fully operational during the whole specified period III. Ex-ante calculation of emission reductions ER y = ER y,appliance N y Where: ER y ER y, appliance N y, Emission reductions during the year in t CO2e Emission reductions during the year in t CO2e per appliance Number of appliances operating per year See Annex 3C for a spreadsheet calculation. B.6.4 Summary of the ex-ante estimation of emission reductions: Year Estimation of project activity emissions (tco 2 e) Estimation baseline emissions (tco 2 e) of Estimation of leakage (tco 2 e) 2009 ( ) 0 1,701 N/A 1, ,327 N/A 19, ,027 N/A 34, ,027 N/A 34, ,027 N/A 34, ,027 N/A 34, ,027 N/A 34, ,027 N/A 34, ,027 N/A 34, ,027 N/A 34, ( ) 19,849 N/A 19,849 Total (tonnes of CO2e for the first crediting period) 0 313,092 N/A 313,092 Estimation of overall emission reductions (tco 2 e) 31

32 As per AMS II.G. if Leakage has to be considered then B y is adjusted to account for the quantified leakage. Therefore, the Leakage Correction Factor L y is applied to the project activity, and leakage emissions are already considered in the baseline emissions calculation. B.7 Application of a monitoring methodology and description of the monitoring plan: B.7.1 Data and parameters monitored: According to AMS II.G., monitoring shall consist of - an annual check of efficiency of all appliances or a representative sample thereof to ensure that they are still operating at the specified efficiency (ηnew) or replaced by an equivalent in service appliance. Where replacements are made, monitoring shall also ensure that the efficiency of the new appliances is similar to the appliances being replaced. - In order to assess the leakages specified above monitoring shall include data on the amount of biomass saved under the project activity that is used by non-project households/users (who previously used renewable energy sources). Other data on non-renewable biomass use required for leakage assessment shall also be collected. - Monitoring shall ensure that the replaced low efficiency appliances are disposed off and not used within the boundary or within the region. Leakage As described under Section B 6.3., potential leakage sources (shift to non-renewable biomass from households that previously used renewable sources, increase in use of non-renewable biomass for heating) are only of minor influence. To account for uncertainties, a fixed correction factor of 0.99 is applied to calculate emission reductions. Therefore, no monitoring of leakage is required. Disposal of low efficiency appliances Users sign in the purchase contract that they are willing to use the Save80 instead of [the] traditional fireplaces. Furthermore, they confirm in the purchase contract that up to the purchase date wood has been used as the primary cooking fuel and that the wood-burning fireplaces used before will not be used any more and will be disposed of. This will be verified during the annual spot checks. The following parameters will be monitored: Data / Parameter: Data unit: Description: Source of data to be used: Value of data Description of measurement methods and procedures to be N y,i Number Total Number of SAVE80 systems in use per vintage. The first vintage consists of all SAVE80 systems sold since the project start date until the end of the first monitoring period, the second vintage of all SAVE80 systems sold during the second monitoring period, the third vintages of all SAVE80 systems sold during the third monitoring period, and so forth. Project Database records All sales of the SAVE80 systems are recorded. The user signs a purchase contract, where the date, the name of the user, the State Name, and the village where the user is residing is noted, to doubtlessly identify the user. Every 32

33 applied: QA/QC procedures to be applied: Any comment: Data / Parameter: Data unit: Description: Source of data to be used: Value of data Description of measurement methods SAVE80 cooker has an identification number (Cooker-ID) which is also noted on the purchase contract. The information from the purchase contract is transferred to the electronic database. Database entries are made by staff from DARE. They are supervised by a local CDM Monitoring Officer assigned by DARE, LHL and atmosfair. The database records and copies of the purchase contracts are transferred to Germany every 3 months. LHL and atmosfair will cross-check the database entries with the purchase contracts. In case of inconsistencies, the assigned CDM Monitoring Officer will take appropriate corrective actions, guided by LHL and atmosfair. To check if the information in the database is correct and the SAVE80 systems are still operating, annual spot checks will be conducted in every monitoring period. Given a total number of households (= total number of SAVE80 users in the project activity) of , a confidence level of 95% and a confidence interval of +/- 10%, the required sample size to receive statistically sound results is 95. Therefore, the spot checks will cover at least 1% of all households, at least 100. To the share of households that are found not to use the SAVE80 in the Monitoring Sample group, the Standard Error will be added. If the number of monitored households increases, the standard error becomes smaller. By multiplication with the total number of SAVE80 systems in use per vintage, the number of households that do not use the SAVE80 system per vintage is determined and will be deducted from the number of appliances in use per vintage. If replacements are made, the system employed will again be a SAVE80, to ensure that the efficiency of the new appliances is similar to the appliances being replaced. As most of the user pay the SAVE80 in instalments, another quality check are the regular instalment payments. Payments are recorded in the database. When a user pays the due instalments, it can be reasonably assumed that he is using the SAVE80 system and will continue its use after the payments have been completed. Any SAVE80 systems given to users whose instalments are delayed for more than 12 months will be deducted from the number of appliances in use. t j,i fraction Operation time per SAVE80 system per vintage (months/months per year) Project Database records The expected value for a SAVE80 system is 1, as the SAVE80 system will be operational during the whole year. Only in the following cases the value will be < 1: - SAVE80 delivered during the year (depending on implementation schedule) - Drop-Out or Replacement (see Section A.2.) Every SAVE80 system starts to generate emission reductions in the month after signature of the purchase contract, to account for delays between purchase and 33

34 and procedures to be applied: QA/QC procedures to be applied: Any comment: Data / Parameter: Data unit: Description: Source of data to be used: Value of data Description of measurement methods and procedures to be applied: QA/QC procedures to be applied: Any comment: first use. Database entries are made by staff from DARE. They are supervised by a local CDM Monitoring Officer assigned by DARE, LHL and atmosfair. The database records and copies of the purchase contracts are transferred to Germany every 3 months. LHL and atmosfair will cross-check the database entries with the purchase contracts. In case of inconsistencies, the assigned CDM Monitoring Officer will take appropriate corrective actions, guided by LHL and atmosfair. η new,i Efficiency of the SAVE80 system for each vintage Water-Boiling Test for every year of operation The SAVE80 is an industrial product with constant quality, made of stainless steel and a lifetime of at least 13 years. To confirm the quality, the efficiency of the SAVE80 appliance will be measured by repeating the water boiling Test, as described under Section B.4, in every monitoring period. At least 3 SAVE80 cookers from the first vintage, i.e. sold since the project start date until the end of the first monitoring period will be tested in each monitoring period (i.e. at least annually, since the maximum length of one Monitoring Period will be one year). The SAVE80 cookers will be obtained from frequent users, that are using the SAVE80 at least 2-3 times a day. The mean value of the three tests will be taken, multiplied by a Conservativeness factor of (in line with the proposed guidance on addressing bias uncertainty developed by the Meth Panel), to account for uncertainties. See B.7.2 for details The tests will be supervised by the CDM Monitoring Officer. An instruction for the efficiency test is provided by LHL and atmosfair. The tests will be carried out in the presence of an experienced researcher. Results from the tests will be crosschecked with literature values and specifications from the manufacturer of the SAVE80. Ex-post calculation of emission reductions, for each year: ER y B y, savings f NRB, y NCVbiomass EF projected _ fossilfuel Where: ER y B y,savings Emission reductions during the year in t CO2e Quantity of biomass that is saved in tonnes 34

35 ƒ NRB, y NCV biomass EF projected_fossilfuel Fraction of biomass saved by the project activity in year y that can be established as non-renewable biomass using survey methods Net calorific value of non-renewable biomass that is substituted (IPCC default value for fuel wood TJ/tonne, i.e. 15 MJ/kg wood) Emission factor for the substitution of non-renewable biomass by similar consumers Calculation of Biomass Savings (B y,savings ): (1 n, savings yadjusted, i old i 1 new, i B y B n old Byappliance Ly N y i (1, i 1 ) new, i ) Where: B y,adjusted,i B yappliance N y,i n y,j t y,j L y η old η new,i Adjusted Quantity of Biomass used in the absence of the project activity (tonnes/year/vintage) Average Annual biomass consumption per appliance (tonnes/year) (remains fixed throughout the crediting period) Number of appliances operating per year and vintage Appliance operating per year and vintage Fraction of operation time per SAVE80 system per vintage (months/months per year) Leakage Correction Factor (remains fixed throughout the crediting period) Efficiency of the system being replaced, measured using representative sampling methods or based on referenced literature values (fraction) (remains fixed throughout the crediting period) Efficiency of the system being deployed as part of the project activity (fraction) per vintage Number of appliances operating per year (N y,i ): Ny. i N y, i ny, j ty, j j 1 Where: n y,j Appliance operating per year and vintage 35

36 t y,j Fraction of operation time per SAVE80 system per vintage (months/months per year) B.7.2 Description of the monitoring plan: Length of Monitoring Period The maximum length of one monitoring period will be one year (duration, not calendar years), as AMS II G requires annual monitoring. Operational Structure for data collection DARE staff will be responsible for the signature of the purchase contracts and to ensure that the information in the purchase contract is complete and correct. DARE staff will also be responsible for data entry into the project database. This procedure is supervised by the CDM Monitoring Officer assigned by DARE, LHL and atmosfair. The CDM Monitoring Officer will check if there are any inconsistencies and take appropriate corrective action. Operational Structure for data assessment DARE sends the updated database and copies of purchase contracts every 3 months to LHL in Germany. LHL assigns a person in charge for monitoring. LHL assesses the information. Atmosfair assigns a person in charge for monitoring and assesses the information provided by DARE and LHL. LHL and atmosfair prepare the monitoring report. If inconsistencies or erroneous information is found, atmosfair/lhl will instruct the CDM Monitoring Officer of DARE to take corrective actions. Data archiving Original purchase contracts will be stored in the main office from DARE. Paper copies will be stored at LHL in Germany. Every time DARE sends the updated database to LHL in Germany, a back-up on an electronic medium will be stored in DAREs office in Nigeria. LHL will also make a back-up every time it receives the updated database. All data monitored and required for verification and issuance will be kept for 2 years after the end of the crediting period or the last issuance of CERs for the project activity, whichever is later. Efficiency Tests In every monitoring period, the efficiency for the first vintage (i.e.: all SAVE80 cookers sold since the project start date until the end of the first monitoring period.) will be tested. The efficiency tests will be carried out on stoves from households that are using the Save80 at least 2-3 times a day, in the presence of an experienced researcher. The mean value of the three tests will be taken, multiplied by a Conservativeness factor of 0.943, to account for uncertainties. For every vintage, the value as obtained from the efficiency testing will be taken. 36

37 Monit Vintage oring Period 1 1 st vintage: All SAVE80 cookers sold since the project start date until the end of the first monitoring period 2 1 st vintage: All SAVE80 cookers sold since the project start date until the end of the first monitoring period 2 nd vintage: All SAVE80 cookers sold during the second monitoring period 3 1 st vintage: All SAVE80 cookers sold since the project start date until the end of the first monitoring period 2 nd vintage: All SAVE80 cookers sold during the second monitoring period 3 rd vintage: All SAVE80 cookers sold during the third monitoring period 4 1 st vintage: All SAVE80 cookers sold since the project start date until the end of the first monitoring period 2 nd vintage: All SAVE80 cookers sold during the second monitoring period 3 rd vintage: All SAVE80 cookers sold during the third monitoring period Value used Efficiency value used: From efficiency testing in Monitoring Period 1 Efficiency value used: From efficiency testing in Monitoring Period 2 Efficiency value used: From efficiency testing in Monitoring Period 1 Efficiency value used: From efficiency testing in Monitoring Period 3 Efficiency value used: From efficiency testing in Monitoring Period 2 Efficiency value used: From efficiency testing in Monitoring Period 1 Efficiency value used: From efficiency testing in Monitoring Period 4 Efficiency value used: From efficiency testing in Monitoring Period 3 Efficiency value used: From efficiency testing in Monitoring Period 2 Note: According to the project implementation schedule, all SAVE80 systems will be sold until the end of 2010, hence within a maximum of 3 Monitoring Periods. Therefore, from the beginning of the fourth Monitoring period, there will be no vintage anymore applying the efficiency value from Monitoring Period 1, and so forth. Spot Checks to user households To check if the information in the database is correct and the SAVE80 systems are still operating, annual spot checks will be conducted in every monitoring period. Given a total number of households (= total number of SAVE80 users in the project activity) of 12,500, a confidence level of 95% and a confidence interval of +/- 10%, the required sample size to receive statistically sound results is 95. Therefore, the spot checks will cover at least 1% of all households, at least 100. It will be checked whether the SAVE80 system is still in use, and any problems with the SAVE80 will be reported. For each monitoring period, the Monitoring Sample Group is selected by running a random generator macro in the database, which selects households that are assumed to use the SAVE80 (i.e. drop-outs and 37

38 replacements are excluded). The selected households are contacted, usually via phone. In addition, for at least 25% of the monitoring sample, an On-Site-Visit is mandatory to collect the required monitoring information. They are selected by taking every 4th user in the monitoring list. To the share of households that are found not to use the SAVE80 in the Monitoring Sample group, the Standard Error will be added. If the number of monitored households increases, the standard error becomes smaller. By multiplication with the total number of SAVE80 systems in use per vintage, the number of households that do not use the SAVE80 system per vintage is determined and will be deducted from the number of appliances in use per vintage. If replacements are made, the system employed will again be a SAVE80, to ensure that the efficiency of the new appliances is similar to the appliances being replaced. A Manual and a Spot Check Data Sheet is developed for further guidance. Monitoring Report Each Monitoring report will mention the names of the DARE CDM Monitoring Officer and the persons in charge for monitoring from LHL and atmosfair. See Annex 4B for details. B.8 Date of completion of the application of the baseline and monitoring methodology and the name of the responsible person(s)/entity(ies) 31/10/2008, Dr. Paul Kraemer, Lernen Helfen Leben e.v., Florian Zerzawy, atmosfair ggmbh SECTION C. Duration of the project activity / crediting period C.1 Duration of the project activity: 01/04/2008 C.1.1. Starting date of the project activity: C.1.2. Expected operational lifetime of the project activity: 13 years The most sensitive part of the SAVE80 cooker is the burning chamber. The burning chamber of a SAVE80 which was in use for four years was tested by the German Material Testing Institute ( Staatliche Materialprüfamt für den Maschinenbau ), Technical University Munich, for corrosion and damages on the steelplates. Only minor damages were found: The lifetime of the burning chamber under frequent usage conditions (2.5 hours per day) was calculated to be at least 13 years. If the SAVE80 burning chamber does not last throughout the crediting period, replacements will be made to assure a lifetime over the CDM crediting period. 38

39 C.2 Choice of the crediting period and related information: C.2.1. Renewable crediting period C Starting date of the first crediting period: N/A C Length of the first crediting period: N/A C.2.2. Fixed crediting period: C Starting date: or the date of registration, whichever is later C Length: 10 years SECTION D. Environmental impacts D.1. If required by the host Party, documentation on the analysis of the environmental impacts of the project activity: It has been confirmed by the Designated National Authority for the Clean Development Mechanism in Nigeria, that according to the legislation in Nigeria, an Environmental Impact Assessment is not required for this project activity. D.2. If environmental impacts are considered significant by the project participants or the host Party, please provide conclusions and all references to support documentation of an environmental impact assessment undertaken in accordance with the procedures as required by the host Party: N/A 39

40 SECTION E. Stakeholders comments >> E.1. Brief description how comments by local stakeholders have been invited and compiled: Public participation for the project activity has formed an integral part of project planning; indeed, dissemination of SAVE80 stoves would not be possible without a demand by the users. Every user voluntary decides to purchase a SAVE80 system and therefore decides voluntary to participate in the project activity. Procedure followed to invite comments The initial stakeholder consultation took place on Monday, 17 th September, 2007, at the Women Multipurpose Centre in Kaduna. Participants included local population and potential users of the SAVE80 stoves, local politicians, religious leaders, traditional rulers, and local NGOs, in total 95 participants. The stakeholder consultation was conducted bilingually, i.e. in the local language Hausa and in English. Invitation to the consultation was done by - the Muslim-Christian Dialogue Forum (MCDF), which has multiple contacts to organizations in the Muslim and Christian communities in the entire country. MCDF took the responsibility of monitoring the consultation and used its contacts to invite participants. - DARE itself, which had made numerous cooking demonstrations in quarters, towns and villages and used these contacts to invite participants. - textile posters on strategic points in Kaduna inviting to participate at the stakeholder consultation. The Gold Standard Foundation was informed about the event by and consulted by . The "Kaduna State Poverty Alleviation Commissioner" Mr. Joshua Shekarau hold a "Keynote Address" to the particpants, underlining the need for such technologies to combat desertification and environmental pollution. He assured that, the current Kaduna state Government would do everything possible to support the project. Stakeholders received a non-technical summary of the planned project activity including a three-page checklist about possible environmental, socioeconomic and health impacts. See GS Passport for details. E.2. Summary of the comments received: Many stakeholders underlined their interest in participating in the programme. The questions and comments turned around the following issues: - affordability of the stove - availability of the stove - wishes to see practical or workable solutions to the common man s day-to-day problems and the wish to learn more on the technology. - if there would be smaller Save80 stoves 40

41 - hope for collaboration of Muslims and Christians in the field of technology, as a means of avoiding raising conflicts about resources (deforestation, desertification, erosion, etc). Concerns evolved about the future of firewood trade: A wood seller expressed fears that his business might become less brisk and other participants wondered whether wood sellers would be allowed to shift to trading in stoves. There was no opposition to the project nor were there outright negative comments. E.3. Report on how due account was taken of any comments received: Through CDM revenues stoves will be affordable to the local population, and will allow to reduce the price of the cooker. Availability will be assured through advance payments for future CERs, assuring that cookers are shipped to Nigeria early in advance to always have enough cookers at stock. DARE collaborates with the Muslim-Christian Dialogue Forum (MCDF) to seek peaceful solutions, especially in conflicts over resources. Regarding the concerns from the wood sellers, they are invited to get registered with DARE as sales agents. Moreover, reduced amounts of wood sold by wood sellers may be compensated by the opportunity to earn money by chopping wood to small pieces suitable for the SAVE80. 41

42 Annex 1 CONTACT INFORMATION ON PARTICIPANTS IN THE PROJECT ACTIVITY Organization: Developmental Association for Renewable Energies Street/P.O.Box: 97/98 Kachia Road Building: City: Kaduna State/Region: Kaduna State Postfix/ZIP: Country: Nigeria Telephone: FAX: dare@dareworld.org URL: Represented by: Yahaya Ahmed Title: Chairman Salutation: Last Name: Ahmed Middle Name: First Name: Yahaya Department: Mobile: Direct FAX: Direct tel: Personal yahaya@gmx.de Organization: Lernen-Helfen-Leben e.v. Street/P.O.Box: Achtern Diek 12 Building: City: Vechta State/Region: Postfix/ZIP: Country: Germany Telephone: 0049-(0) FAX: p.kraemer.soest@t-onlinde.de URL: Represented by: Paul Kraemer Title: Board Member Salutation: Dr. Last Name: Kraemer Middle Name: First Name: Paul Department: 42

43 Mobile: Direct FAX: Direct tel: Personal Organization: Atmosfair ggmbh Street/P.O.Box: Zossener Straße 55 Building: Aufgang D, 6. OG City: Berlin State/Region: Berlin Postfix/ZIP: Country: Germany Telephone: FAX: URL: Represented by: Florian Zerzawy Title: CDM Project Developer Salutation: Last Name: Zerzawy Middle Name: First Name: Florian Department: CDM Project Development Mobile: Direct FAX: Direct tel: Personal 43

44 Annex 2 INFORMATION REGARDING PUBLIC FUNDING There is no public funding of the project activity. All subsidies for the project are stemming from CDM revenues, financed by atmosfair ggmbh. 44

45 Annex 3 BASELINE INFORMATION Annex 3A: Questionnaire DARE Cooking Energy Survey (before or without Save80 use) Identification data: 1. Date yymmdd: 2. Setting: 3. State name: 4. Local government area: 5. Location (village) : 6. Family Name : 7. Average N of eaters: 9. ID of cooker: 10. ID of project: 11. Delivery date: yymmdd Fuel type data (several mentions are possible): 12. Fuel wood: ; 13. Biomass briquettes: ; 14. Agricultural waste/dung: ; 15. Charcoal: ; 16. Kerosene: ; 17. LPG: ; 18. Electricity: 19. Fuel wood procurement (1 for collection, 2 for buying: 19 a. Type of wood stove used: 20 Fuel wood weight in kg (weigh consumption of a typical day): kg/day Fuel wood volumes/week: (Change Naira amount of Bundles according to local prices!) Naira-Bundle: Naira-Bundle: Naira-Bundle: Naira-Bundle: 25. Other (please specify): Other fuels consumed (several mentions are possible): 26. Kerosene: Liter/week 27. LPG: kg/week 28. Charcoal: kg/week 45

46 29. Briquettes kg/week Tasks for which fuel is used (several mentions are possible) 30. Cooking ; 31. Water heating: 32. Baking 33. Frying ; Weekly fuel expenses/in Naira (several mentions are possible) : 34. Fuel wood: 35. charcoal: 36. Kerosene: 37. LPG: 38. Comments: Signature 39. Name (in print letters): 46

47 Annex 3B: Efficiency of the system being deployed as compared to the system being replaced 47

48 Water Boiling Test, Düsseldorf,

49 Water Boiling Test, Düsseldorf,

50 Water Boiling Test, Düsseldorf,

51 CDM Executive Board Annex 3C: Ex-ante calculation of emission reductions Year Unit 2009* ** B yappliance t/a L y N y,i 1,500 7,100 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 B y,adjusted t/a 6, , , , , , , , , , , η old η new B y,savings t/a 4, , , , , , , , , , , ƒ NRB, y NCV biomass (TJ7t) TJ/t EF projected fossil fuel t CO2/TJ ERy t CO2 1,701 19,327 34,027 34,027 34,027 34,027 34,027 34,027 34,027 34,027 19,849 ERacc 1,701 21,029 55,055 89, , , , , , , ,092 *assumed start of crediting period: 01/08/2009 **assumed end of crediting period 31/07/

52 Annex 3D. Decline of forestry areas and increase of CO2 emissions from land use change and forestry Annual Projection of Land Areas under Different Vegetation Types, according to "Atmospheric Research and Information Analysis Laboratory" , in km Lowland Rain Forest Savanna Mangrove Swamp Forest Freshwater Swamp Forest Riparian Forest Trends in CO2 Emissions from Land Use Change and Forestry, Nigeria , according to NG_GHG_Inventory Chg F&WB Stocks F&G Conversions Abandonment of Managed Lands Source: Diagramme: Paul Krämer, Data source: Obioh, Imoh (2003): Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Nigeria: , p

53 Woodfuel Deficit in Nigeria: References and Quotations Region Total Woodfuel Consumption (million air dried tonnes) Sustainable Yield of woodfuels (million air dried tonnes) Northern Nigeria Southern Nigeria Supply/demand balance(million air dried tonnes) Note: Northern Nigeria included the states of Bauchi, Bomo, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kwara, Niger, Plateau, Sokoto, Abuya. All stated had negative balances. However, as state numbers and borders have changed since then, figures for present day states cannot be derived. Source: Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme, (ESMAP) 1993: Nigeria, Issues and Options in the Energy Sector, Report N UNI, Washington DC, 1993, chapter 5, p.53, see: Quotes Thus, fuelwood consumption exceeds the sustainable production in the region by a factor of This fuelwood deficit is largely made up by long-distance transport of wood from the southern part of the country. Source: Hyman, Eric L. (1994): Fuel Substitution and Efficient Woodstoves: Are They the Answers to the Fuelwood Supply Problem in Northern Nigeria? In: Environmental Management 18, N 1, pp.23: This corresponds to the FAO estimations used in Section B.4 for the share of Non-Renewable Biomass. The practice in the study area [Oyo State] was that of cut-eight-plant-one which is at variance to the much publicized operation cut-one-plant-one. Source: Ogunkunle A.T.J. and Oladele F.A. (2004): Ethobotanical Study of Fuelwood and Timber Consumption and Replenishment in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 91, p

54 Annex 4 MONITORING INFORMATION Annex 4A: Climate Chart for Jos, Nigeria (Jos has the lowest temperatures in the Guinea Savannah Zone) Source: (30/10/2008) 54