Constantly Learning from Experience - Nuclear Reactor Decommissioning in the UK

Transcription

1 Constantly Learning from Experience - Nuclear Reactor Decommissioning in the UK Dr Adrian Simper, OBE NDA Director of Strategy & Technology NDA 2017

2 Agenda The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority The Decommissioning Pathway More efficient decommissioning Waste Management People Issues / Culture Organisational Structure Engaging with the Supply Chain

3 Nuclear Decommissioning Authority We are a non-departmental public body Operationally independent of the UK Government Report to the Government Department of Business Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) Our role is to manage the UK s nuclear legacy and in so doing: developing UK-wide nuclear Low Level Waste (LLW) strategy and plans the long-term management arrangements for the UK's higher radioactive wastes Chapelcross Cooling Towers

4 What does the NDA do? Dounreay Hunterston Chapplecross Trawsfynydd Sellafield LLWR Wylfa Berkeley Oldbury Hinkley Winfrith Springfields Capenhurst Sizewell Bradwell Dungeness Harwell

5 Site Decommissioning and Remediation Objective: To decommission and remediate our designated sites, and release them for other uses Key programmes: - Proportional Regulatory controls and a desire for similar approach to in-situ management - Need for understanding of the broader factors that influence spend e.g. it s not just all about hazard - Need for understanding of end state near term affordability vs long term cost trade off - Introduction of interim states to describe the journey - Availability of disposal routes (e.g. geological disposal) affects the strategy - ALARP - Underpinning R&D - Prompt decommissioning of high hazard facilities - Deferred decommissioning of Magnox reactors

6 Critical Enablers R&D People (including skills and capability) Supply Chain development Socio economics Public and Stakeholder engagement Health, Safety, Security, Environment and Quality Asset Management Contracting Information Governance (Information and Knowledge Management) Transport & Logistics Revenue Optimization International Relations Land and Property Management

7 Reactor Decommissioning - The Decommissioning Pathway Operations Cost Predominantly Impacted By :- - Funding availability - Supply Chain Capacity - Location History - Standard of asset care - Quality of documentation - Strategic pathway and approach - Number of waste streams - Whether the location was designed for decommissioning Non-Operations De-Fuel De-Commission L1 De-Commission L2 Care & Maintenance De-Commission L3 De-Licence

8 Reactor Decommissioning Interim End States Berkeley in operation Berkeley decommissioning Bradwell Safestore - before cladding Bradwell Safestore - cladding complete

9 Reactor Decommissioning - Achievements Chaplecross Asbestos strip Magnox stations 11 sites 1956 Calder Hall opens Dec Wylfa closes 1,100 TWh generated All Magnox former generating sites are in transition through the following phases: Defuelling removal of fuel from reactor and transported to Sellafield for reprocessing all apart from Wylfa Care and Maintenance (C&M) preparations removal of hazards such as sludges/ resins/ asbestos C&M reactor buildings & ILW store are left in a safe state until Final Site Clearance many decades Final Site Clearance Provision of a GDF will enable final decommissioning of the sites to take place C&M Winfrith - 7 of 9 research reactors decommissioned Harwell - 11 of 14 research reactor decommissioned (Many other research university and industrial research reactors decommissioned 1 remaining)

10 Waste Management Costs 120 years + The Nuclear Provision (July 2016): > 117bn (JPY17,000 bn) (undiscounted) bn range 161bn (JPY23,000 bn) discounted

11 Integrated Waste Management Objective: To ensure that wastes are managed in a manner that protects people and the environment, now and in the future, and in ways that comply with government policies and provide value for money Application of waste management hierarchy: - VLLW to industrial landfill - LLW to near-surface national facility - ILW, vitrified HLW, spent fuel geological disposal - Overseas vitrified HLW returned In addition covers liquid & gaseous discharges, plus non-radioactive waste (e.g. asbestos) Considering options - A new near-surface facility for LLW and short-lived ILW - Intermediate depth disposal for reactor wastes Packaged waste volumes (2150)

12 Waste Management Key Principles Flexible Approach for long term waste management Waste characterisation & Fingerprints Enabling, proportional regulation Consider the entire waste management cycle Apply the waste hierarchy and use as a framework for decision making Timely characterisation and segregation of waste helps to drive costs down Integration across locations Balanced decision making :- VfM v Affordability v Technical Maturity v Compliance Rational Waste Management significantly reduces the cost

13 Waste Management Benchmarking Experience in the key metrics of waste management e.g. volume, activity and cost. % Activity % Vol VLLW LLW ILW HLW VLLW LLW ILW HLW In the absence of a GDF, the UK has a waste package specification system, managed by Radioactive Waste Management (RWM), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the NDA.

14 Waste Management The Low Level Waste Repository Low Level Waste Repository near Drigg has operated since 1959 LLW is disposed of in engineered concrete vaults Key emphasis on recycling and reusing material to reduce the volumes being disposed of at LLWR VLLW to specially licenced landfill Application of Waste Management Hierarchy: % of LLW disposed of / 5% diverted % of LLW disposed of / 90% diverted year lifetime (including Nuclear New Build)

15 People Key Principles Decommissioning Culture v Operating Culture Decommissioning is not the end, the importance of a future beyond decommissioning Make sure you have the right people in the right places at the right time Get Leaders where leaders are needed and managers where managers are needed Different phases have different needs and therefore different skills and different leadership Categorise your stakeholders Keep Manage High Satisfied Closely Power Low Monitor Keep Informed Low High Interest

16 Contracting for Decommissioning Specification Certainty How well can you define what you want done? Do you know All of the waste? How the waste will be treated? All of the technical challenges of decommissioning? Is the technology mature and proven? Risk Transfer What will be the risk allocation model? Cost What are you prepared to pay? How are you prepared to pay it?

17 Conclusions The UK has found that efficiencies in decommissioning lie in Waste Management Organisation Structures Culture change As the sole organisation responsible for decommissioning in the UK, the UK has been able to lead and learn, taking lessons from one site to make improvement at the next. The United Kingdom has a developed a mature supply chain capable of sharing these lessons with Japan NDA is happy to make Intellectual Property Rights available to you through our supply chain, International Nuclear Services (INS) our wholly owned subsidiary can facilitate this.

18 Demonstrating Progress The Sellafield skyline change

19 NDA Supply Chain Event 2017 Event City, Manchester - 2 November

20 Thank you ありがとうございました