GHG Emission Offset Protocols. Or how to turn a biological phenomenon into a financial instrument.
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1 GHG Emission Offset Protocols Or how to turn a biological phenomenon into a financial instrument.
2 Introduction Define offsets Place offsets in context of climate change Review implication of offsets and context for forestry Discuss protocol development from a developer s perspective Briefly discuss offset generation 2
3 Emission Offsets Developed in response to climate change driven emission reduction efforts Vehicle for reducing atmospheric loading of Greenhouse Gases (GHG s) through post-process capture Enabled by International Panel on Climate Change 3
4 Emission Offsets Not very well liked by Environmental Nongovernment Organizations Viewed as a cop-out on direct reduction 4
5 Emission Offsets Emission offsets are a financial instrument facilitating transfer of greenhouse gas capture and storage between captor and emitter Represent a quantity of GHG captured and stored Arise from a project Quantified by a protocol 5
6 Emission Offsets Arise from a project Specific activity or activities intended to reduce GHG emissions or remove GHG s from the atmosphere 6
7 Emission Offsets Quantified by a protocol Vehicle for ensuring compliance with IPCC Provides standardization between like projects The interface between changes in industrial behavior and the Carbon economy 7
8 Emission Offset Protocols Enabled by International Panel on Climate Change Clearly defined principles Requirements set by IPCC Standards of compliance spelled by ISO (ISO-14064) Forestation rules 8
9 Emission Offset Protocol Requirements Clearly defined principles Relevance Completeness Consistency Accuracy Transparency Conservativeness 9
10 Emission Offset Protocol Requirements Other criteria that must be met include: Additionality Leakage Ex poste quantification Alberta requirements 2002 start date AB Clean Air Strategy 60 year project life 10
11 Emission Offset Protocol Requirements Additionality Ensures that GHG emission offset credits arise from real changes in behavior 11
12 Emission Offset Protocol Requirements Additionality A number of interpretations Change must be in excess of business as usual (Used by AB Environment in assessing Alberta Registry Protocols) Project would not go forward without economic impact of emission offsets (Preferred by many ENGO s) 12
13 Emission Offset Protocol Additionality Forestry Context Requirements Need to re-think strategic forest management by including GHG emission offsets as part of the forest product mix 13
14 Emission Offset Protocol Requirements Leakage Ensures that off-site movement of emissions does not arise from project activities E.g. switching a coal-fired plant to biomass fuel is not an offset if the coal is moved to a new location and burned there 14
15 Emission Offset Protocol Requirements Leakage Forestry Context No net loss of carbon requirement E.g. ensure afforestation of agricultural land does not result in clearing of currently treed lands to replace cropping capacity 15
16 Role of Protocols in GHG Offset Quantification 16
17 Role of Protocols in GHG Offset Quantification 17
18 Protocol Technical Development Follow AB Guide For Protocol Developers Ensures compliance with ISO /IPCC Facilitates interaction with AB Environment 18
19 Protocol Technical Development Follow AB Guide For Protocol Developers Reasonably clear timelines to completion Clarity of process Structure Content Review 19
20 Protocol Technical Development Challenges Recognition of differences between current business paradigms and the carbon economy 20
21 Protocol Technical Development Challenges Speculative nature of some registries and/or registrants causes: Skepticism on part of regulators Ambition on part of some project proponents 21
22 Generating GHG Emission Offsets Additionality dictates that the project should be designed with GHG emission offset creation in mind if not front of mind Not business as usual, i.e. mandatory buffers and structural retention are not eligible; only incremental gains above expectation are eligible 22
23 Generating GHG Emission Offsets Be prepared to change process Integrate offsets into to your business planning Product mix Management planning 23
24 Generating GHG Emission Offsets Have reasonable expectations: Not big numbers Not fast Understand the needs met by measurement and ensure this is done efficiently Document, Document, DOCUMENT!! 24
25 Conclusions IPCC oversees the rules around the carbon economy Compliance with intent of IPCC rules ensures value of offsets generated 25
26 Conclusions Alberta has a clear process for ensuring compliance with IPCC rules, and A functioning registry that provides assurance to project developers and purchasers of GHG emission offsets 26
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