Statewide Air Monitoring: Coverage and Gaps

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1 Kari Palmer February 2008 Statewide Air Monitoring: Coverage and Gaps

2 MPCA Air Monitoring Criteria pollutants (pollutants with standards) Air toxics Special studies

3 Criteria Pollutants Included in the Clean Air Act due to concerns regarding Health Environment Property Damage Have National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Monitoring mandated by and often funded by the U.S. EPA. Used to calculate the Air Quality Index (AQI).

4 Trends in Key Air Pollutants in Twin Cities Percent of National Ambient Air Quality Standard Standard Ozone PM2.5 (daily) Carbon monoxide PM2.5 (annual) PM10 (daily) Nitrogen dioxide Sulfur dioxide Lead

5 Air Quality Index Reports daily air quality conditions Calculated from ozone sulfur dioxide carbon monoxide fine particles (PM 2.5 ) Mainly driven in MN by ozone and PM 2.5 Days Brainerd Detroit Lakes AQI Days for Cities in Minnesota, 2007 Good Moderate Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Duluth Ely Grand Portage Marshall Rochester St. Cloud Twin Cities

6 Criteria Pollutants well below standards CO, NO x, SO 2, Lead & PM 10 Fewer monitoring sites needed to show compliance with standards Less funding for monitoring sites

7 Criteria Pollutants well below standards

8 Fine Particles Particles <2.5 microns in diameter Contain a complex mixture of chemicals Exposure can result in serious heart & lung effects including premature death Filter, continuous & speciation monitoring

9 Minnesota PM2.5 FRM Concentrations Compared to Annual Standard Standard Apple Valley (470) Shakopee (505) SP-Red Rock Rd (866) SP-Health Center (868) SP-Harding HS (871) Mpls-Humboldt Ave (907) Richfield Intermediate S (961) Mpls-Andersen S (963) Virginia (1300) Mille Lacs (3051) St. Cloud-Talahi S (3052) Rochester-Ben Franklin S (5008) Duluth-WDSE (7550) Duluth-Lincoln Park S (7551) t. Louis Park (250) PM 2.5 Concentration (μg/m 3 )

10 PM 2.5 Continuous Data PM2.5 Average Hourly Concentrations in Minneapolis from February to March PM 2.5 Concentration (μg/m 3 ) Hour of Day

11 PM 2.5 Continuous Data PM2.5 Concentration (μg/m ) BAM Concentrations in Minnesota February - March /1/07 2/8/07 2/15/07 2/22/07 3/1/07 3/8/07 3/15/07 3/22/07 3/29/07 Ely Minneapolis (963) Duluth St. Cloud Rochester Detroit Lakes

12 PM 2.5 Speciation Data 14 Other Soil Ammonium Sulfate Nitrate Elemental Carbon Organic Carbon 12 Concentration ( μg/m 3 )

13 Ozone Formed from a reaction between NO x and VOCs. Exposure results in respiratory concerns Only a concern in the summer. Monitor from April- October New standard will be proposed in March

14 Ozone Data Hourly Ozone (June 13, 2007) 0.1 Blaine Concentration (ppm) Shakopee Hour

15 Minnesota Ozone Concentrations Compared to Standard Standard Shakopee (505) Mille Lacs (3051) St. Cloud-Talahi S (3052) St. Michael (3201) hester-ben Franklin S (5008) Stanton Air Field (5302) Anoka Airport (6010) Cedar Creek (6012) Washington County (6015) Ely (7001) Cloquet (7416) Duluth-WDSE (7550) Ozone Concentration (ppm)

16 Air Toxics Pollutants that may cause serious health effects, but do not have standards. Include Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Carbonyls Metals Health benchmarks, not standards Limited federal funding for monitoring

17 Statewide Air Toxics Study Warroad # International Falls # 5 year study ( ) 35 monitoring sites. 7 sites per year 37 VOCs 7 carbonyls 30 metals Moorhead Perham Fergus Falls Alexandria ndon Township Pipestone Bemidji # Virginia Hibbing Grand Rapids St. Cloud Holloway Elk River Willmar Plymouth Hutchinson Harding High School Granite Falls Apple Valley # Albert Lea Duluth 7551 Duluth 7550 Fort Ripley Wagner Township Little Falls Silver Bay # Leon Township North Mankato Rochester Winona Site Type Randomly Selected S # Sites Selected to Prov Geographic Coverage

18 Current Air Toxics Monitoring Monitoring in the Twin Cities & Duluth 56 VOCs 7 Carbonyls 15 Metals

19 Benzene Trends Concentration (ug/m3) Benzene Health Benchmark Minneapolis St. Paul

20 1 in 100,000 increased cancer risk Duluth Mpls Putnam S Mpls City of Lakes Mpls MSP Airport Mpls Phillips Inhalation Cancer Risk ( ) Flint Hills 441 Flint Hills 442 Apple Valley SP Holman Field SP Ross Ave Mpls Humboldt Mpls NE Fire Newport Flint Hills 423 St. Paul Park Flint Hills 420 Chaska

21 Special Studies Acid deposition Mercury deposition Ammonia Fibers Black carbon Hydrogen sulfide Total reduced sulfur Meteorological data Perflurochemicals Visibility

22 MPCA Air Quality Monitoring in Minnesota

23 MPCA Monitoring Coverage and Gaps Coverage Demonstrates compliance with standards Reasonable coverage of metro area for PM 2.5, ozone, air toxics Some coverage of greater MN PM 2.5 & Ozone Flexibility for special studies Gaps List of air toxics Air toxics monitoring outside of metro Limited to 24 hour averages for air toxics Semivolatile pollutants PAHs, Dioxins/Furans etc. Background data Hot spots

24 More Information Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan Provides details on MPCA monitoring in Minnesota nitoringnetwork.html Kari Palmer

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