Modelling road tunnels using ADMS-Urban: implementation and validation
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1 Modelling road tunnels using ADMS-Urban: implementation and validation Christina Hood UK-US meeting on Air-Quality Modelling and Exposure Science 29 th September 2016 Kings College London
2 Contents Background to road tunnel modelling Modelling concept Model implementation Tunnel portals Tunnel vents Limitations Sample run Validation Bell Common (M25) Summary
3 Background to road tunnel modelling Road tunnels are used for: Reducing traffic congestion Crossing difficult terrain (mountains, rivers) Moving air pollution and noise from traffic away from sensitive areas
4 Background to road tunnel modelling Air quality implications of road tunnels include: Poor air quality within the tunnel Poor air quality near tunnel portals Good air quality above the tunnel Additional tunnel ventilation may reduce negative effects Vent emissions Portal emissions
5 Modelling concept Model the effects of the tunnel on the surrounding area, not the air quality within the tunnel Emission of pollution from the tunnel portal(s) in the direction of traffic flow following traffic along an outflow road Emission of pollution from tunnel vent(s) (optional) divert emissions from portals point or area vent sources Upstream wind Recirculation Initial pollutant dispersion
6 Modelling concept Replace a tunnel road source with volume source(s) at outflow end(s), plus vent(s) Standard road Tunnel road
7 Model implementation - tunnel portals Based on Ginzburg and Schattanek (1997) approach 3 volume sources per outflow end Volume source lengths based on wind speed, traffic speed and portal geometry (range m) Reduced emission weighting moving away from the portal Volume source geometry follows outflow road Allow for portals and outflow roads below or above ground level Also applicable to rail tunnels, modelled as elevated roads Tunnel Volume sources Ginzburg, H. and Schattanek, G. (1997) Analytical Approach to Estimate Pollutant Concentrations from a Tunnel Portal Exit Plume. Presented at A&WMA 90 th Annual Meeting, Toronto, Canada. Outflow road
8 Model implementation - tunnel vents Same vent can extract from multiple tunnels One tunnel can emit via multiple vents Point or area source properties defined by source geometry and efflux parameters Specified fraction of emissions from road tunnel assigned to each vent Fraction of emissions extracted by vent can be altered with time-varying factors applied to vent
9 Model implementation - limitations No deposition or chemistry within tunnel No explicit treatment of recirculation between bores No allowance for removal of pollutants prior to venting eg. filtration Adjust tunnel emissions if these effects are known to be significant Ambient temperature assumed for tunnel portal emissions
10 Tunnels: implementation - sample run Simple illustrative example One tunnel road, no outflow road One vent source near ground level Identical met conditions, varying vent fraction
11 Tunnels: implementation - sample results NOx concentration contours with varying vent fraction No tunnel or vent Tunnel Vent fraction 0.0 Vent fraction 0.25 Vent fraction 0.5 Vent fraction 1.0
12 Tunnels: validation Detailed measurement datasets for one Austrian and one UK road tunnel currently available for model testing/validation Focus on UK tunnel results: Bell Common (M25) Glasgow city centre modelling study complex urban site
13 Validation Bell Common measurements Study by TRL for Highways Agency, report PPR449 Measurements using passive samplers at 30 locations over 12 weeks in summer 2006 Focus on NO 2 measurements from diffusion tubes Measurement locations relative to tunnel portal Inflow side Outflow side
14 Validation Bell Common model results Along-verge concentrations Averages over full measurement period (3 months)
15 Modelled (ug/m3) Validation Bell Comon model results NO2 concentrations for all diffusion tube measurement sites 4 week averages Measured (ug/m3) Outflow Inflow 1:1 1:2
16 Validation Bell Common model results Contours of modelled concentration and measurement points showing spatial matching
17 Summary New module for automatic modelling of road tunnels in ADMS-Urban and ADMS-Roads 4 Validation carried out for tunnels in UK and Austria Local urban modelling can involve complex multiple effects More details in ADMS-Urban User Guide (available online) and Technical Specification (available on request from CERC)
18 Questions
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