What is driving the recent Boom in the lighting industry? Federal Regulation Technology Advancements Safety Cost Incentives Installed base

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2 What is driving the recent Boom in the lighting industry? Federal Regulation Technology Advancements Safety Cost Incentives Installed base

3 Energy Independence and Security Act 2007 Outlaws certain light sources deemed to be inefficient Incandescent 134 year old technology that converts only 5-10% of the electricity that it consumes into light. A 60 watt lamp produces 900 lumens- 15 lumens per watt New standard dictates 20 lumens per watt 45 lumens per watt by 2020 CFL= 50 lumens per watt

4 What s on the chopping block? MV-Gone! LPS-Gone! MH- (Non Pulse start)-gone! Incandescent- going T-12 HPS

5 Solid State Lighting QL Induction LED Longevity Instant-On Heat

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7 Designs have improved dramatically Better finishing technologies Better gaskets and seals

8 Many of the lamps are no longer available for replacement If the fixtures have been in place that long, it may be time Many require special equipment to access

9 What is a Safety Factor? An aspect of design that increases strength or protection beyond that suggested as needed by calculation or other basic assessment.

10 End User Manufacturer Don t settle for what s available, influence a better design If you make a better design, they will buy it! Work together

11 Lighting Design Maintenance Issues Relamping Live Work Environmental Location Ergonomics Installation Hazardous Locations

12 How much lighting is necessary? OSHA minimum requirements IES recommended illumination levels

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14 The traditional approach was designing an area to satisfy a foot-candle requirement, independent of the color (wavelength spectrum).

15 Acknowledgement of the effects of color IES TM IES TM What are effective lumens? Take into account the shifting color sensitivity of the eye at different light levels Consideration of Photopic and Scotopic vision (S/P ratios)

16 Photopic Vision Day conditions Is registered by the cones in the human eye Scotopic Vision Night conditions Is produced by rod cells in the human eye

17 Perceived brightness is increased through the use of more effective lumens. (4) 250W HPS (4) 125W LED

18 Less is more!

19 Lighting design is changing as a result of rapid industry development. Rethink the traditional methods Designing for optimal light spectrum can allow energy levels to be reduced (Watts = $$), while achieving better visual efficiency.

20 Re-lamping Live Work Environmental Location Ergonomics

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22 Challenges to adopt longer life technology Cost Now($) vs. Cost Later ($ + Risks!) Elevated work Cuts/lacerations Burns Electrical Shock

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24 Preliminary Classification: Laceration to the right side of neck requiring 14 sutures. What happened: A mechanic dropped a clip which secures the cover plate to the light and climbed off the ladder to pick it up off of the floor. In doing so they left the cover plate resting on top of the ladder and on top of a pair of wire strippers. As they bent over to pick the clip up the cover plate fell and struck them in the neck causing a laceration which required 14 sutures.

25 Energized work with lighting is one of the leading causes of work related injuries among electricians. Why are we still doing it? Lighting is low voltage and perceived as low risk Breakers/Disconnects hard to identify Avoid bringing temporary task lighting It s easier to troubleshoot with the fixture energized

26 There is NO good excuse to do live work! Achieve an electrically safe work condition - De-energize - Lock/Tag - Proper PPE - Absence of voltage

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28 The easiest and safest way to troubleshoot a lighting fixture is at the workbench!

29 Corrosion Dust Vibration Shock Power Quality

30 Location, Location, Location! The placement of a fixture has a major impact on maintenance. Lighting levels may be achieved, but is it practical to maintain? Lifts, scaffolds

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34 Ergonomics the study of equipment design to maximize worker productivity and control injuries/illnesses by reducing exposure to risk factors Employers are responsible for providing a safe and healthful workplace for their workers Not only the offices

35 What are Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders(MSDs)? Degenerative conditions affecting the muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, nerves, and blood vessels Causes: Forceful exertions Non-neutral body postures Repetitive and/or prolonged activities Concentrated mechanical, vibrational pressure Maintenance workers are 1 of the top 15 occupations with MSDs.

36 Installation / maintenance ergonomics should be an important criteria for a complete and safe lighting system design. Minimizing: Static Load Awkward Working Positions

37 Static load occurs when muscles are kept tense and motionless. (Ex: holding arms elevated, extended forwards and/or sideways) The weight of an object in an outstretched hand will add to the static load dramatically.

38 Awkward positions of the body considerably increase the effort needed to complete a task. Fatigue, discomfort, and pain add further to the risk for developing injury.

39 Time Some fixture designs allow for a much quicker installation than others Cost Purchase Removal of old Maintenance Image from: adventurous-soul.com

40 Design Advantages

41 Flame Proof Explosion proof Class I Flammable Gases and Vapors Class II Combustible Dusts Class III Easily Ignited Fibers and Flyings

42 Restricted Breathing Non-Sparking Non-Incendive

43 From a manufacturer s point of view What does your customer really want? Focus groups- they have installed more fixtures than I have! There is nothing better than hearing if your would make them like this, I would buy them from you!

44 From an End User s point of view Lighting industry is rapidly changing Knowledge is key Designs need to start with a safety centered approach Longevity, reliability, and maintainability is essential Don t settle for what s available Challenge your vendor to make a better design

45 For more information, please contact: Matthew Leong DuPont Wilmington, DE IEEE Member Scott Seaver Hubbell/Killark Boston, MA IEEE Senior Member

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