ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
|
|
- Violet Cross
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF THE UNITED KINGDOM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The United Kingdom has experienced almost a decade of steady GDP growth, exceeding both the OECD and EU averages. Since the early 1990s, per capita GDP has grown 20% in real terms. This expansion was primarily driven by rapid growth in services (e.g. transport, communication, finance and business services). Services now exceed 70% of total output, while industry s contribution has dropped to 25% of GDP, despite growth in the high technology and light manufacturing sectors. This dematerialisation of the economy, along with changes in energy supply and an increasingly mobile lifestyle, has helped reshape UK production and consumption patterns in ways that eased some traditional pollution pressures and raised some new challenges. Since the early 1990s, the UK has made noteworthy progress in decoupling a number of pressures from economic growth. It achieved strong decoupling for major air pollutants and CO 2, for water withdrawals and for agrochemical consumption. This progress reflects both the reshaping of the economy and the strengthening of UK policies in the EU context. The UK is committed at the highest level of government to protection and sustainable development. Yet, it could still improve its ranking among OECD and EU countries with respect to a number of indicators of pressure intensity. Today, priority issues include diffuse pollution, waste management, soil and water management, landscape and biodiversity conservation, and climate protection. To meet these challenges, the UK will need to: i) expand its infrastructure (e.g. for waste and waste water treatment) and continue implementing its policies; ii) further integrate concerns into economic and social decisions; and iii) reinforce its international co-operation. This report examines progress made by the UK since the previous OECD Environmental Performance Review in 1994, and the extent to which the country s domestic objectives and international commitments are being met. It also reviews progress in the context of the OECD Environmental Strategy *. Some 51 recommendations ** are made that could help strengthen the UK s performance in the context of sustainable development. In implementing policies, good progress has been achieved with objectives and the mix of policy measures used Since the 1994 review, the UK has made noteworthy progress in achieving a number of its objectives and in expanding its infrastructure, although at the pace allowed by relatively limited pollution abatement and control expenditure. Targets related to emissions of conventional air pollutants, persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals, and to quality of drinking and surface water, were reached. Large-scale investment in waste water treatment infrastructure has accompanied privatisation of water services in England and Wales. The UK has extended the range of its objectives, partly in response to EU and other international commitments, and partly as a consequence of its own sustainable development commitments. The mix of policy measures used has become more balanced, with more use of economic instruments in recent years, and continued effective use of regulation and land use planning. Regulation of significant point sources of industrial pollution has been carried out in an integrated pollution control (IPC) framework since 1990, with cost-effectiveness as a guiding principle (BATNEEC). Lesser industrial point sources and urban waste water treatment are subject to media-specific regulatory regimes. Modifications to the pollution control system, initiated to conform with provisions of the EU directive on integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC), are encompassing previously excluded installations and introducing additional objectives of pollution prevention and resource efficiency. For water supply and waste water treatment, the polluter pays and user pays principles are applied fairly consistently in England and Wales, although less so in Scotland. The UK has developed and begun to apply new economic instruments such as a landfill tax, an aggregates levy, a climate change levy and emission trading systems. A reform is under way to enhance integration of objectives with land use planning. * The objectives of the OECD Environmental Strategy for the First Decade of the 21 st Century covered in these Conclusions and Recommendations are maintaining the integrity of ecosystems (Section 1), decoupling pressures from economic growth (Section 2), the social and interface (Section 2) and global interdependence (Section 3). ** See Annex. 1
2 but there is considerable scope for further progress, including in the areas of waste, diffuse pollution and infrastructure development. In line with its sustainable development commitments, progress has been achieved with institutional integration but much remains to be done concerning sectoral policies (e.g. energy, transport, agriculture) and regional ones. Notwithstanding the revival of management in the late 1980s and the real progress just described, there is considerable margin for further progress, as the UK is in the middle range of EU or OECD countries for many indicators, has not yet achieved a number of its objectives and still presents a deficit of infrastructure (e.g. waste and waste water treatment infrastructure). Municipal waste generation has continued to parallel GDP growth, with recycling and recovery rates trailing those of comparable EU countries and landfilling rates remaining high. Developing the infrastructure necessary to implement best practices concerning hazardous waste disposal will require considerable investment. There is a need to further develop policy instruments to address diffuse pollution concerns, particularly as regards agriculture and urban runoff; the nitrogen surplus of the UK, although reduced, still exceeds the EU average by nearly 50% and the number of declared nitrate vulnerable zones is still insufficient to comply with the nitrate directive. Measures to conserve marine habitats and biodiversity should be reinforced. Significant expansion in inspection and enforcement will be required to accommodate the extended scope of IPPC regulation. Pollution abatement and control expenditure continues to represent 0.8% of GDP, and will probably need to be increased to meet future infrastructure investment requirements. The use of cost-benefit analysis to support decision making is part of the administrative culture in the UK, but limited information on costs and benefits makes it difficult to assess the cost-effectiveness of the IPC system. Also, the extended efficiency criteria have to be made compatible with the international and sustainable development objectives that are increasingly shaping the UK's policies. In summary, considerable effort and investment will be necessary for the UK to consolidate and extend implementation of policies. The UK economy has grown by almost 2.5% per year since the early 1990s. Strong decoupling from GDP growth has been achieved for emissions of major air pollutants and CO 2, as well as for water withdrawals and application of agrochemicals. A sustainable development strategy is in place. Progress towards sustainable development has been aided by institutional and market-based integration in several sectors. Institutional integration of sustainable development has been fostered by a range of high-level co-ordination committees (e.g. Green Ministers Committee, Environmental Audit Committee) and advisory bodies (e.g. Sustainable Development Commission). Strengthened procedures for taking issues into account have been built into policy-making processes. The traditional filtering of policy measures through cost-benefit analysis has been extended, with a stronger focus on objective setting and monitoring of progress through indicators. Substantial progress in policy integration has been achieved with respect to energy, transport, construction and agriculture. The UK has begun to use the modulation mechanism of the CAP, strengthening integrated rural development approaches, including through targeted support for management and biodiversity. A number of market-based instruments have been introduced, such as the climate change levy, that apply the principle of taxing bads and using the revenue to support goods. In transport, the fuel duty escalator influenced the modal split, shifting the trend back towards rail and water, and thus helped the UK reduce air pollutant emissions. At project level, impact assessments are carried out for large projects, and recent legislative changes are expanding their scope, in compliance with EU legislation. On the other hand, many UK indicators of pressure intensity are still in the OECD middle range. Changes in consumption patterns are generating and/or accentuating concerns. For instance, traffic volumes continue to grow, and municipal waste generation closely tracks GDP growth. Decoupling of diffuse pollution from economic growth will require continued efforts. Much remains to be done to translate sustainable development orientations into practice and to achieve full integration of economic, social and considerations in important sectoral policies. Although such efforts have been fairly comprehensive on the part of the central government, translation of general intentions into regional development priorities and local action is patchy. The integration of objectives into the policies of economic regulators such as OFGEM should be improved. The guidance function of important environment-related energy and transport taxes should be reviewed. Progress toward national goals concerning renewable forms of energy, waste management and agri- concerns remains slower than what is needed to reach them. 2
3 International commitments have translated into strong results on a range of issues and will need to be consolidated and extended, inter alia, concerning GHGs, nitrates, fisheries, ODA. Concerning climate change, the UK reduced its GHG emissions by 13.5% from 1990 to The country thus has already made very good progress towards meeting its ambitious national target of cutting CO 2 emissions by 20% between 1990 and 2010, as well as its international target under the Kyoto Protocol (a 12.5% reduction in GHG emissions between 1990 and ). A comprehensive climate change programme was launched in 2000, with the aim of sustaining these emission reductions and meeting the national CO 2 target. Concerning transboundary air pollution, the UK has met all of its international reduction targets for NO x, SO x and NMVOC emissions. Concerning marine issues, the UK extended prohibitions regarding ocean dumping to industrial waste and sewage sludge in the 1990s, and has consistently ensured that at least 25% of the foreign ships calling at its ports are inspected for compliance with the Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control. It has also upgraded waste management facilities in its ports, anticipating international requirements. Performance on transposing and applying EU directives on environment has improved overall, although several issues of non-compliance have been taken to court (e.g. on nitrates and marine habitats). A major review in 2000 of export credit programmes led to the adoption of a Statement of Business Principles that determines how applications for support are assessed, taking into account sustainable development concerns. However, to ensure that the GHG reductions are sustained, the country needs to vigorously pursue implementation of additional policies and measures outlined in the climate change programme. Attaining its targets concerning wider use of renewables and combined heat and power production would also help assure the country s longer-term performance (post-2010) with respect to climate protection, and to transboundary air pollution control (in line with the EU acidification strategy and national emission ceiling directive). Additional measures will also be necessary to moderate demand for road transport and electricity. Further technological control of air emissions at refineries and offshore installations will be necessary to meet future international emission reduction targets for SO x, NO x and NMVOCs. The UK s performance in reducing nitrate discharges to regional seas has fallen short of international commitments. Offshore installations have been slow in complying with OSPAR limits on oil content in discharges of produced water. As in other North Sea countries, about half the fish stocks exploited by the UK fishing fleet are classified as outside of biologically sustainable limits. Programmes aimed at reducing fishing capacity have had moderate impact. The UK s official development assistance (ODA) totals 0.32% of GNI, well under the Rio target of 0.7%. Attempts to mainstream concerns into ODA projects have helped raise general awareness of the issues, but have so far not led to clear and practical guidelines, or use of best practices. To purchase the OECD Environmental Performance Review of the United Kingdom, and other OECD publications, visit the OECD Online Bookshop at or send an to sales@oecd.org For more information about the OECD's series on countries' performance, contact: Christian Avérous, Head, Environmental Performance and Information Division, Environment Directorate christian.averous@oecd.org Fax: For more general information about the OECD Environment Programme, visit our website at: or send an to env.contact@oecd.org 3
4 Annex: 51 Recommendations * Environmental management strengthen inspection and enforcement and related monitoring efforts, as necessary to implement revised regulations; review present systems of charging users for waste and waste water services, identifying opportunities to strengthen economic incentives for resource conservation and efficiency; review expenditure and increase investment in infrastructure (e.g. waste and waste water treatment facilities); develop and apply economic and regulatory instruments so as to meet reduction targets for diffuse pollution, particularly from agriculture and transport; continue to integrate concerns into land use planning. Air continue efforts to reduce NO x, particulate and NMVOC emissions, in light of persistent problems with high concentrations of NO 2, PM 10 and ozone in some areas; implement area-wide emission control more consistently, providing more precise guidance to local authorities and taking measures to reinforce their management capacity where necessary; work to increase public perception of fuel- and vehicle-related taxes as tools for achieving goals, improving public transport and promoting low-emission vehicles and their refuelling infrastructure; strengthen transport demand management measures, including through the use of local authorities new powers to set road use charges and workplace parking levies; improve integration of air management concerns into transport policies and plans, particularly at the local level through better land use planning; continue to integrate local, regional and global atmospheric management concerns into energy policies. Water increase the number of designated sensitive areas and complete urban waste water treatment infrastructure, especially that needed to reduce pollutant discharges to coastal waters; complete delineation of nitrate vulnerable zones, in which codes of good agricultural practice and nutrient management plans should be binding; further develop the river basin approach to water management (e.g. by setting statutory water quality and quantity objectives), extending responsibilities of subnational environment agencies accordingly; continue to develop a policy framework for sewage sludge management based on economic and analysis; further explore the possibility of introducing taxes on nutrients and pesticides as a means of internalising external costs of diffuse pollution; explore the possibility of introducing industrial water pollution charges, with efficiency and financing objectives in mind. Waste establish a systematic data collection and information system concerning the generation, recovery and disposal of non-municipal waste; introduce effective measures to encourage waste minimisation (e.g. waste charges for household waste, material resource efficiency standards) and accelerate efforts to increase material recovery rates; strengthen measures to prevent and discourage illegal disposal of waste, with emphasis on inspection and enforcement; review and revise landfill-related measures (e.g. landfill tax rates, exemptions; inspection and enforcement) so as to more effectively support objectives related to reduction of landfilling and diversion of waste to unlicensed sites; accelerate measures to ensure that treatment and disposal of hazardous waste are organised in an ly sound and economically efficient manner (e.g. eliminating "co-disposal"), and clearly identify infrastructure needs; assure implementation of new legislation on remediation of contaminated land. Nature and biodiversity extend and strengthen the use of management agreements for protected areas; fully implement the biodiversity action plan through local action plans, and improve monitoring of the condition of individual species and habitats; continue to encourage the expansion of woodland and forest cover and to promote sustainable forestry in line with the UK forestry standard; further promote agri- programmes, as allowed for under the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP); develop and implement comprehensive legislative and institutional mechanisms for marine nature conservation, fully implementing the EU habitat directive in the 200-mile exclusive economic zone; continue to promote measures to conserve wildlife species that are in decline, and regularly monitor their status as a basis for establishing related conservation measures. * These Recommendations were formally approved by the OECD Working Party on Environmental Performance. 4
5 Towards sustainable development Environmental/social integration Sectoral integration: construction International co-operation reflect sustainable development objectives more systematically in public service agreements and through integrated analysis (e.g. extended cost-benefit analysis) of policy measures; ensure that central government initiatives for improved integration and sustainable development are effectively translated into regional development priorities and local action; strengthen the incentive role of economic instruments in inducing targeted modal shifts in transport, with appropriate phasing and consultation; further extend the shift of CAP resources towards integrated rural development programmes, including through agri- measures; study and develop the extension of the climate change levy into a broader based tax on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. take concerted action to reduce disparities in risk exposure and access to services; monitor implementation and assure proper enforcement of countryside access and rights of way; further strengthen the integration of targets and actions in initiatives to combat social exclusion and deprivation, and seek to ensure that social compensation measures do not undermine the effectiveness of policies; assure effective integration of objectives in local partnership approaches to sustainable development; provide for improved legal standing of NGOs in courts and pursue implementation of recent legislation concerning access to information. further promote the integration of environment-related measures into strategies and programmes devoted to improving performance in the construction sector; amend the Building Act to address the operational energy efficiency of existing buildings, and launch a comprehensive policy, with clearly defined targets, to substantially upgrade energy efficiency in existing buildings; continue efforts to improve resource efficiency and conservation through increased recycling and reuse of construction materials and sites, and strengthen control of illegal disposal of construction and demolition waste; ensure that the public sector, through its procurement policy, sets a good example for sustainable construction and operation of buildings and infrastructure; add indicators to the set of construction performance indicators and promote public awareness of rating and labelling systems such as SAP and BREEAM. review and adjust, if appropriate, economic incentives in the energy and transport sectors to facilitate full implementation of the climate change programme; strengthen and further expand measures to limit nitrate inputs into regional seas, with particular attention to diffuse sources such as agriculture; strengthen enforcement and pollution control measures at offshore installations and refineries in line with internationally agreed control targets (e.g. under OSPAR, MARPOL, EU emission ceiling directive); continue to reduce fishing fleet capacity and related subsidies, and work to ensure that precautionary management strategies are applied to overexploited fish stocks; monitor the implementation of voluntary initiatives designed to assure integration of sustainable development concerns into export credits and guarantees; increase official development assistance towards the Rio commitment of 0.7% of GNI and establish clear procedures for mainstreaming objectives into projects; ratify and implement recently signed international agreements (Annex II). 5
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF AUSTRIA
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF AUSTRIA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Austria has achieved strong decoupling of pressures from economic growth, to the extend of reaching low levels of energy, material and pollution
More informationENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF SWEDEN
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF SWEDEN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In a context marked by low population growth and moderate economic growth, as well as regional economic and interdependencies management has
More informationENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF ICELAND
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF ICELAND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Implementing environmental policies. Towards sustainable development. After sluggish growth in the early 1990s, Iceland s economic growth since
More informationENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF GERMANY
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF GERMANY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Implementing environmental policies. In Germany, environmental protection continues to be a major public concern and a high policy priority.
More informationENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF CANADA
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF CANADA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In a context marked by economic growth, pollution and natural resources management issues, and Canada s specific federalism management has progressed
More informationSlovenia. Highlights in Climate change and energy
216 2008 ENVIRONMENT POLICY REVIEW ANNEX Ljubljana Highlights in 2008 With the Climate and Energy Package negotiations and preparations for the Biodiversity and Biosafety COPs in June 2008 as major environmental
More informationGermany. Highlights in Climate change and energy
124 2008 ENVIRONMENT POLICY REVIEW ANNEX Berlin Highlights in 2008 2008 was an active period for German environment policy and important policy commitments of prior years have been followed up with concrete
More informationCONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This report examines Turkey s progress since the previous OECD Environmental Performance Review in 1999 and the extent to which the country has met its national objectives
More informationTowards Sustainable Agriculture: the OECD Green Growth Strategy
Towards Sustainable Agriculture: the OECD Green Growth Strategy Dale Andrew Head, Environment Division OECD Trade and Agriculture Directorate Sustainable Development Network Washington, D.C. 23 February
More informationCANADA 1. THE CONTEXT... Part I MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND POLLUTION CONTROL
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS (see next page) OUTLINE OF THE REPORT 1. THE CONTEXT... Part I MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND POLLUTION CONTROL 2. ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT... 3. WATER MANAGEMENT... 4.
More informationENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEWS JAPAN. Conclusions and Recommendations
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEWS JAPAN Conclusions and Recommendations Paris - 11 January 2002 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS * Population and economic activities are extremely concentrated in dense
More informationREPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS
EN EN EN EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, xxx COM(2010) yyy final REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS
More informationCONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS *
Environmental Performance Reviews: Italy 19 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS * Italy has a large economy and a population of 57 million, concentrated on a relatively small territory, with strong regional
More informationCOMPROMISE AMENDMENTS 1-14
EUROPEAN PARLIAMT 2009-2014 Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety 17.4.2013 2012/0337(COD) COMPROMISE AMDMTS 1-14 Draft report Gaston Franco (PE506.123v01-00) of the European Parliament
More informationCONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS *
1 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS * This report examines Finland s progress since the previous OECD Environmental Performance Review in 1997, and the extent to which the country has met its domestic objectives
More informationToyama Framework on Material Cycles
Toyama Framework on Material Cycles We, the G7 Ministers and high representatives, and European Commissioner responsible for the environment, based on our discussion on resource efficiency and the 3Rs
More informationChapter 6 Objective: Protect and Enhance the Environment
Chapter 6 Objective: Protect and Enhance the Environment 49 Irish Water Water Services Strategic Plan Our Strategic Aims Ensure that Irish Water services are delivered in a sustainable manner which contributes
More informationCZECH REPUBLIC 1. THE CONTEXT... Part I POLLUTION CONTROL AND NATURE CONSERVATION
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OUTLINE OF THE REPORT 1. THE CONTEXT... Part I POLLUTION CONTROL AND NATURE CONSERVATION 2. AIR MANAGEMENT... 3. WATER MANAGEMENT... 4. WASTE MANAGEMENT... 5. NATURE CONSERVATION,
More informationCONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This report examines Denmark s progress since the previous OECD Environmental Performance Review in 1999, and the extent to which the country has met its domestic objectives
More informationCONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS *
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS * The Netherlands, which has a very open economy, experienced rapid expansion during the last ten years. It is the world s sixth largest exporting country, and its gross
More informationLatvia. Highlights in Climate change and energy
2008 ENVIRONMENT POLICY REVIEW ANNEX 159 Rïga Highlights in 2008 In 2008, the n government launched preparations for a new Environment Policy Strategy 2009-2015. It will include targets and propose actions
More informationSPAIN 1. THE CONTEXT... Part I POLLUTION AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
SPAIN CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS (see next page) OUTLINE OF THE REPORT 1. THE CONTEXT... Part I POLLUTION AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2. WATER MANAGEMENT... 3. AIR MANAGEMENT... 4. WASTE MANAGEMENT...
More informationThe Millennium Declaration Review WWF Recommendations to EU Heads of State
The Millennium Declaration Review WWF Recommendations to EU Heads of State May 2005 1. Introduction WWF, the global conservation organisation, is calling upon the 25 EU Heads of State and Government to
More informationOECD ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF CHINA
OECD WORKING PARTY ON ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF CHINA CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS (FINAL) These Conclusions and Recommendations have been approved by all the Delegations
More informationG20 Action Plan on Marine Litter
G20 Action Plan on Marine Litter Introduction The G20 recognizes the urgent need for action to prevent and reduce marine litter in order to preserve human health and marine and coastal ecosystems, and
More informationSubmission by Republic of China (Taiwan) Intended Nationally Determined Contribution ( 核定本 )
Submission by Republic of China (Taiwan) Intended Nationally Determined Contribution ( 核定本 ) The Republic of China (Taiwan) supports the 21 st Conference of the Parties (COP21) to the United Nations Framework
More informationG8 Environment Ministers Meeting Kobe 3R Action Plan
G8 Environment Ministers Meeting 2008 Kobe 3R Action Plan We, the G8 Environment Ministers, based on our discussion in Kobe of the 3R Initiative, 24-26 May 2008, Recognizing that the increase in waste
More informationClimate Change Strategy Tackling Climate Change
Fife Environmental Partnership Climate Change Strategy 2014-2020 Tackling Climate Change 1 Introduction Climate Change is going to have a dramatic impact on our future. The effects of a changing climate
More informationAnnex V CATANIA DECLARATION
page 1 CATANIA DECLARATION The Contracting Parties to the Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution (Barcelona Convention), meeting in Catania, Italy, from 11 to 14 November
More information1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 1.1.1 INTRODUCTION Even at the beginning of the 1970s it became evident that, owing to the limited quantity of non-renewable resources (for instance
More information13070/17 ATR/cm 1 DGE 1A
Council of the European Union Brussels, 13 October 2017 (OR. en) 13070/17 ENV 830 DEVGEN 225 ONU 131 OUTCOME OF PROCEEDINGS From: On: 13 October 2017 To: General Secretariat of the Council Delegations
More informationCouncil conclusions on the EU action plan for the circular economy
Council of the EU PRESS EN PRESS RELEASE 367/16 20/06/2016 Council conclusions on the EU action plan for the circular economy The Council adopted conclusions on the action plan for a circular economy.
More informationIntegration for Biodiversity in European Union
Resource Mobilization Information Digest N o 403 May 2013 Integration for Biodiversity in European Union Contents 1. Introduction... 2 2. The Cardiff Process... 2 3. EU Sustainable Development Strategy...
More information2018 HLPF Review of SDGs implementation: SDG 12 - Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
2018 HLPF Review of SDGs implementation: SDG 12 - Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns Status of Progress on SDG 12 Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 Ensure sustainable consumption
More informationRio Ocean Declaration
Rio Ocean Declaration Calling for strong and immediate action to meet the sustainable development goals for oceans, coasts, and small island developing States (SIDS) at Rio+20 and beyond Co-Chairs Statement
More informationUNEP Principles 1. Integration of Tourism into Overall Policy for Sustainable Development
UNEP Principles The principles cover: 1. Integration of Tourism into Overall Policy for Sustainable Development 2. Development of Sustainable Tourism 3. Management of Tourism 4. Conditions for Success
More informationThe North-East Atlantic Environment Strategy
The North-East Atlantic Environment Strategy Strategy of the OSPAR Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic 2010 2020 (OSPAR Agreement 2010-3) Preamble 1. RECALLING
More informationBlue Manifesto for Europe s seas. Priorities and urgent actions for the European Commission
Blue Manifesto for Europe s seas Priorities and urgent actions for the European Commission April 2015 Our blue vision Seas and oceans are vital for Europe s social and economic wellbeing, providing food,
More informationGUIDELINES FOR NATIONAL REPORTING TO CSD-18
GUIDELINES FOR NATIONAL REPORTING TO CSD-18 Explanatory Note on National Reporting to the Eighteenth Session of the Commission on Sustainable Development The Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD),
More informationEnvironmental protection expenditure. by the UK general government sector. 1996/97 to 2000/01
Environmental protection expenditure by the UK general government sector 1996/97 to 2000/01 Report by the Office for National Statistics Abstract: The objective of this project is to determine the level
More informationThe EU Water Framework Directive A brief overview.
The EU Water Framework Directive A brief overview. The Water Framework Directive defines water as being: not a commercial product like any other but, rather, a heritage which must be protected, defended
More informationThe Environment Agency s Objectives and Contributions to Sustainable Development: Statutory Guidance
The Environment Agency s Objectives and Contributions to Sustainable Development: Statutory Guidance by the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs The Environment Agency s Objectives
More informationCairngorms National Park Partnership Plan Strategic Environmental Assessment Environmental Report Appendix 1: Plans, Policies and
Cairngorms National Park Partnership Plan 2017-2022 Strategic Assessment Report Appendix 1: Plans, Policies and Strategies June 2016 Appendices Appendix 1: Plans, Policies and Strategies International
More informationKey conservation policies and their targets
Key conservation policies and their targets Veronika Ferdinandova IUCN SEE Belgrade, 21 December, 2011 Nature keeps us alive Air to breath Water to drink Food to eat Raw materials for all products we use
More informationInternational Atomic Energy Agency
International Atomic Energy Agency Research Project Initial analysis of different indicators for sustainable energy development on the basis of existing economic, energy and environmental trends in Russia.
More informationOpen Working Group, February 2014: Australia, the Netherlands, United Kingdom Constituency Statement. Oceans and Seas, Forests and Biodiversity
Open Working Group, February 2014: Australia, the Netherlands, United Kingdom Constituency Statement Oceans and Seas, Forests and Biodiversity Healthy ecosystems, biological diversity (biodiversity) and
More informationMEASURING, MONITORING AND PROMOTING A BLUE ECONOMY FOR A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION
MEASURING, MONITORING AND PROMOTING A BLUE ECONOMY FOR A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION 1. BACKGROUND Worldwide, the ocean-based economy represents roughly 2.5% of the world Gross
More informationThe Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the first common policy adopted by the
Evaluation of Agricultural Policy Reforms in the European Union OECD 2011 Executive Summary The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the first common policy adopted by the European Community under the Treaty
More informationProactivity and responsible operating methods. City of Tampere environmental policy 2020
Proactivity and responsible operating methods City of Tampere environmental policy 2020 Table of contents Starting points 3 Sustainable development dimensions and the environmental policy 3 Environmental
More informationIncreasing Resource Productivity and Promoting the 3Rs in National Economies
Increasing Resource Productivity and Promoting the 3Rs in National Economies March 2008 Taku OHMURA 3R Project Team Leader Asian Development Bank The Report: The Report: Propositions: 1. Current inefficient
More informationPosition Paper. Resource Efficiency Indicators
Position Paper Brussels, 6 May 2014 Resource Efficiency Indicators In the light of the recently published Resource Efficiency Scoreboard by Eurostat and envisaged Circular Economy Package, Orgalime would
More informationFUTURE MANAGEMENT IN ENGLAND
Opportunities for Inshore Fisheries and Marine Environment Association of FUTURE MANAGEMENT IN ENGLAND Association of Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authorities FORWARD This position paper was developed
More informationAustria target. eq (by ) from energy supply and use, including transport (Mt CO 2
66 2008 ENVIRONMENT POLICY REVIEW ANNEX Wien Highlights in 2008 Environment policy in in 2008 has focused on energy and climate change. A policy discussion process is underway to determine how best to
More informationResolution XI.3. Adjustments to the Strategic Plan for the triennium
11 th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971) Wetlands: home and destination Bucharest, Romania, 6-13 July 2012 Resolution XI.3 Adjustments to the Strategic
More informationFRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM Prepared by the Institute of Natural Resources 1 8 September 2001
FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM Prepared by the Institute of Natural Resources 1 8 September 2001 1 POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK A review of policy, legislation and relevant
More informationGeneral Election 2017: Manifestos Briefing
General Election 2017: Manifestos Briefing As an independent learned society and charity, the BES is completely politically neutral, and does not endorse any political party or candidate, or their policies.
More informationConclusions on the Clean Air Dialogue with Ireland
13 th March 2017 Ireland has made significant progress in reducing air pollution and improving air quality, to the benefit of public health and welfare, the environment and its ecosystems, as well as reducing
More informationExecutive summary. Greening with jobs WORLD EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL OUTLOOK
Executive summary Greening with jobs WORLD EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL OUTLOOK 2018 Action to limit global warming to 2 C will create jobs The long-term goal of the 2015 Paris Agreement is to keep the increase in
More informationBriefing January 2019 Resources and Waste Strategy for England: Government Policy paper
Briefing 19-01 January 2019 Resources and Waste Strategy for England: Government Policy paper This briefing considers the newly announced Resources and Waste Strategy for England It contains details about
More informationOverview of objectives and planning tools emanating from EU environmental legislation
Overview of objectives and planning tools emanating from EU environmental legislation Unit D1 Land use and management DG Environment European Commission EU Biodiversity Strategy Habitats and Birds Directives
More informationSesSIon july Environment Agency. Tackling diffuse water pollution in England
Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General HC 188 SesSIon 2010 2011 8 july 2010 Environment Agency Tackling diffuse water pollution in England 4 Summary Tackling diffuse water pollution in England Summary
More informationEU Agri-Environmental indicators and the Rural Development CMEF indicators (Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework): a coherent system of analysis
EU Agri-Environmental indicators and the Rural Development CMEF indicators (Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework): a coherent system of analysis Leysin (Switzerland) OECD Workshop on agri-environmental
More informationCHARLEVOIX BLUEPRINT FOR HEALTHY OCEANS, SEAS AND RESILIENT COASTAL COMMUNITIES
CHARLEVOIX BLUEPRINT FOR HEALTHY OCEANS, SEAS AND RESILIENT COASTAL COMMUNITIES 1 CHARLEVOIX BLUEPRINT FOR HEALTHY OCEANS, SEAS AND RESILIENT COASTAL COMMUNITIES The health of our oceans and seas is critical
More informationOrganisation of environmental statistics and accounting in Finland
Organisation of environmental statistics and accounting in Finland Co-operation and data flows between the National Statistical Office and the Ministry of the Environment in Finland Activity A.12: Methodology
More informationUN-GGIM: Europe Work Group A «Core Data» SDG related use cases
UN-GGIM: Europe Work Group A «Core Data» SDG related use cases Risk 1.5 Build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related
More informationStrategic Approach progress reporting activities
Distr.: General 20 January 2017 English only First meeting of the intersessional process considering the Strategic Approach and the sound management of chemicals and waste beyond 2020 Brasilia, Brazil,
More informationThe strategy is to cover the period with a total budget of SEK 6,500 million. 1
Annex to Government decision 01.03.2018 UD2018/03677/GA Strategy for Sweden s global development cooperation in the areas of environmental sustainability, sustainable climate and oceans, and sustainable
More informationINTERNATIONAL EXPERT MEETING ON A 10-YEAR FRAMEWORK OF PROGRAMMES FOR SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION
5 June 2003 INTERNATIONAL EXPERT MEETING ON A 10-YEAR FRAMEWORK OF PROGRAMMES FOR SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION (Chapter III of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation) Discussion Paper Prepared
More informationCouncil of the European Union Brussels, 13 July 2018 (OR. en)
Council of the European Union Brussels, 13 July 2018 (OR. en) 10947/18 OUTCOME OF PROCEEDINGS From: To: Subject: General Secretariat of the Council Delegations POLG 121 POLMAR 10 COMAR 22 ASIE 37 COASI
More informationA AFRICA EU DECLARATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
A AFRICA EU DECLARATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE BACKGROUND /PREAMBULAR PARAGRAPHS 1. During the 11 th Ministerial Meeting of the African and EU Troikas that took place in Addis Ababa on 20 and 21 November 2008
More informationUnited Nations Environment Programme
UNITED NATIONS EP United Nations Environment Programme UNEP (DEPI)/RS.15/INF.2.RS Original: ENGLISH 15 th Global Meeting of the Regional Seas Conventions and Action Plans Montego Bay, Jamaica 30 th September
More informationCLIMATE CHANGE (EMISSIONS REDUCTION TARGETS) (SCOTLAND) BILL
CLIMATE CHANGE (EMISSIONS REDUCTION TARGETS) (SCOTLAND) BILL FINANCIAL MEMORANDUM INTRODUCTION 1. As required under Rule 9.3.2 of the Parliament s Standing Orders, this Financial Memorandum is published
More informationA. Achieving sustainable development in Asia and the Pacific
Inputs from the Asian and Pacific region to the Commission on Sustainable Development at its fifteenth session Policy options related to energy for sustainable development, industrial development, air
More informationIntegrated Coastal Zone Management Strategy for Ghana
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Findings reports on ongoing operational, economic and sector work carried out by the World Bank and its member governments in the Africa Region.
More informationIntegrated Coastal Zone Management Strategy for Ghana
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Findings reports on ongoing operational, economic and sector work carried out by the
More informationCLIMATE FINANCE FOR GLOBAL IMPACT
CLIMATE FINANCE FOR GLOBAL IMPACT GEF: US$3 BILLION CLIMATE FINANCE FOR GLOBAL IMPACT Climate change is the defining challenge of our time. It is no longer a threat; it is already a reality. Atmospheric
More informationANNEX III ALMERIA DECLARATION
page 1 ANNEX III ALMERIA DECLARATION We, the Environment Ministers and Heads of Delegations of the Contracting Parties to the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region
More informationChapter 8 Natural Resources
Chapter 8 Natural Resources 127-134 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Extractives Industry 8.3 Forestry 8.4 Fishing / Aquaculture 8.1 Introduction Kerry has a number of naturally occurring resources that contribute
More informationFRANCE CANADA CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT PARTNERSHIP
FRANCE CANADA CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT PARTNERSHIP France and Canada share a commitment to safeguard the planet and the future of the generations to come. Together we will accelerate climate action and
More informationENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURE IN OECD COUNTRIES SINCE 1990: European Union Country Section
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURE IN OECD COUNTRIES SINCE 1990: European Union
More informationREVIEW OF TEN YEAR PROGRAMME OF WORK ON SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION PATTERNS
REVIEW OF TEN YEAR PROGRAMME OF WORK ON SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION PATTERNS The Government Ministries and Agencies responsible for Management and Improvement of the Transport System include:
More informationGeneral Election 2017: Party Manifestos May 2017
General Election 2017: Party Manifestos May 2017 CONSERVATIVE PARTY Forward, Together: Our Plan for a Stronger Britain and a Prosperous Future The manifesto sets out Theresa May s determination to provide
More informationQuestions and Answers on the Commission's proposal for effort sharing
MEMO/08/34 Brussels, 23 January 2008 Questions and Answers on the Commission's proposal for effort sharing 1. What is the Commission proposing? On 10 January 2007 the Commission adopted an energy and climate
More informationPART 1. To: Scottish Consultation Authorities: PART 2
PART 1 To: Scottish Consultation Authorities: SEA.gateway@scotland.gsi.gov.uk PART 2 An SEA Screening Report is attached for the plan, programme or strategy (PPS) entitled: Scotland River Basin Management
More informationKey performance indicators to underpin Scottish climate change policy
1. Background Key performance indicators to underpin Scottish climate change policy The Climate Change (Scotland) Act sets targets to reduce Scotland s emissions of the basket of six Kyoto Protocol greenhouse
More informationGuidelines for reviewing laws and institutions to promote the conservation and wise use of wetlands
People and Wetlands: The Vital Link 7 th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971), San José, Costa Rica, 10-18 May 1999 Guidelines for reviewing
More informationDraft Istanbul Declaration
5 December 2013 Original: ENGLISH MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN 18 th Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the
More informationInternational Commission on Land Use Change and Ecosystems. Supported by the Global Environment Facility and the United Nations Environment Programme
International Commission on Land Use Change and Ecosystems Supported by the Global Environment Facility and the United Nations Environment Programme A MARINE ECOSYSTEMS RECOVERY STRATEGY Part II: Coral
More informationOverview. Towards a more efficient use of resources? 5
Overview The Environmental Outlook for Wallonia 2014 provides an overview of the situation and environmental performance of Wallonia via a number of criteria and with certain limitations. As it stands,
More informationEnvironmental Goals and Sustainable Prosperity Act Progress Report
Environmental Goals and Sustainable Prosperity Act 2015 17 Progress Report Environmental Goals and Sustainable Prosperity Act 2015 17 Progress Report The Environmental Goals and Sustainable Prosperity
More informationResponse from the Institute of Fisheries Management to the Government s A Green Future: Our 25 Year Plan to Improve the Environment
Response from the Institute of Fisheries Management to the Government s A Green Future: Our 25 Year Plan to Improve the Environment SUMMARY The Institute of Fisheries Management welcomes the Government
More informationSENATE BILL No Introduced by Senator Correa (Principal coauthor: Senator Block) (Coauthor: Senator Galgiani) January 27, 2014
SENATE BILL No. 916 Introduced by Senator Correa (Principal coauthor: Senator Block) (Coauthor: Senator Galgiani) January 27, 2014 An act to add Section 12405 to, and to add Article 7.7 (commencing with
More informationIntroduction to the SEEA & Policy Applications
Introduction to the SEEA & Policy Applications Project: Advancing the SEEA Experimental Ecosystem Accounting 1 1. Policy Setting 2. An Integrated Information System for Sustainable Development 3. Adoption
More informationCanada Border Services Agency Departmental Sustainable Development Strategy (DSDS)
Canada Border Services Agency Departmental Sustainable Development Strategy (DSDS) 2017-2020 CONTENTS Introduction... 2 Section 1 Overview of the federal government s approach to sustainable development...
More informationChallenges to sustainable water management Cross-sectoral water issues, ecological aspects
Challenges to sustainable water management Cross-sectoral water issues, ecological aspects Martina Mlinaric Senior Policy Officer Biodiversity, Water and Soil EUROSAI WGEA Seminar: Auditing Water Management,
More informationAction Plan for Biodiversity Research in Europe European Platform for Biodiversity Research Strategy Aims Background
The mission of the European Platform for Biodiversity Research Strategy (EPBRS) is to ensure that research contributes to halting the loss of biodiversity by 2010. Action Plan for Biodiversity Research
More informationThe Polish National Waste Management Plan 2014
1. Introduction... 21 2. Identification of problems in waste management... 22 3. Adopted aims in waste management... 23 4. Lines of action for waste prevention and shaping of waste management system...
More informationEU and England environment law and policy calendar
EU and England environment law and policy calendar Outlook for 2005 Directive amending Directive 99/32/EC on sulphur content of marine fuels final adoption expected third quarter 2005 Directive 2004/42/CE
More informationChanging Consumption Patterns Commitments Agenda 21: Chapter 4 and UN Commission on Sustainable Development
Contents: 1. Stakeholders: Governments and/or private research and policy institutes with the assistance of regional and international economic and environmental organizations 1.1 Focusing on unsustainable
More informationRURAL CENTER COMMUNITY ROLE COUNCIL ROLE RURAL CENTER ALL COMMUNITIES
Orderly and Efficient Land Use Align land use, development patterns, and infrastructure to make the best use of public and private investment. Plan for forecasted population and household growth at overall
More information