Response Analysis in Food Security Crises: A Road Map Dan Maxwell Heather Stobaugh May 2012
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1 Response Analysis in Food Security Crises: A Road Map Dan Maxwell Heather Stobaugh May 2012
2 Examining the Response Analysis Question 2003: Missing the Point Since ~2005: Major efforts to improve food security analysis Many new response options in food security emergencies and chronic vulnerability Research question: Is improved analysis driving response choice?
3 What is Response Analysis? Link between situational analysis and program design (IPC) The analytical process by which the objectives and modality of program response options are determined, and potentially harmful consequences are minimized (Study Team definition) Conceptual Overview Situation Analysis Current Projected Response Analysis Response Planning Response Implementation Potential response Options Identification Response options selection Situating Response Analysis (FAO 2011) Monitoring/ Evaluation
4 Response Analysis Process Situational analysis Needs assessments Causal analysis Organizational mandate and objectives Market assessments/feasibility of market-based programs Comparative analysis Internal: Comparison of options External: Gaps in overall response Feasibility analysis Donor resources Capacity of agency and partners Government policy Access Cost effectiveness Timeliness Record of past programs (M&E; LL) Risk analysis / do no harm Market distortion risks Staff security and safety Recipient community security/safety Risk of aid being diverted, stolen, or corruption Reputational risk to the agency, fueling conflict, counter-terrorism laws. Other unintended consequences Assessment of recipient preferences Conditionality targeting considerations Perceptions of post-distribution dynamics The influence of large agencies
5 Program Response Analysis Situation Analysis Design (Baseline Vulnerability) Shock or early warning Needs assessment Prevalence (who, how many, how severe?) Gap (how much, how long?) Spatial/temporal dimension (where, when?) Causal analysis Underlying causes (why?) Trends (direction over time?) 1 st Order Response Options 1. Assistance to protect consumption? (Food assistance) 2. Assistance to protect nutritional status (Nutrition support) 3. Assistant to protect income/ production? (Livelihoods support) 4. Other indirect forms of support? (Water, health) 2 nd Order Options General food distribution Market based (cash/voucher) Supplementary/ therapeutic feeding LH assistance/resilience Assets protection Other 3 rd Order Options Conditionality Targeting Fairs or shop-based Food and nutrition products Food basket/value of transfer Cross-Cutting Considerations Procurement (LRP) Access/security Capacity Risk assessment Lessons learned/ M&E Recipient preference Partnerships Government policy Proposal Writing/ Detailed Program Design
6 Response Analysis Tools
7 Program Design Response Analysis Situation Analysis 1 st Order Response Options: ACF Decision Tree WFP RA Decision Tree Assessment Tools GFD/Market-based (cash, voucher, etc.) EMMA WFP Market Analysis S-C-P MIFIRA SC Risk Assessment GPR on Cash Programs ECHO Decision Tree ACF Decision Tree WFP Decision Tree ICRC Decision Tree Supplementary/ Therapeutic WHO GAM Cut-Offs FAQR Decision Trees Tools Related to Response Analysis Livelihoods assistance/resilience/ protection LEGS (PRIM) Seed Security System Assessment Conditionality GPR on Cash Programs ECHO Decision Tree Food/Nutrition Products FAQR Decision Trees, WFP Decision Tree for Nutrition Products Overall RA Process RAF (FAO) RAP (WFP) Oxfam RA Guide Cross Cutting Considerations Benefit-Harm-Analysis Do No Harm TI Corruption Key: Red = include data collection/assessment Blue = thought process, general guidance
8 Constraints/factors shaping response choice
9 Response Analysis: Next Steps So what? Can determination of responses in emergencies/transitions/ chronic vulnerability become more evidence-based? More work with agencies and donors Next steps: Working on HPN paper that lays out this road map, identifies constraints and ways people manage them. Out in August?? Research follow on study. If analysis program choice link is established, what about impact?
10 Thanks! Time for a few questions? Daniel Maxwell Daniel.Maxwell@tufts.edu Heather Stobaugh Heather.Stobaugh@tufts.edu
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