Other Selection Procedures

Transcription

1 Other Selection Procedures

2 A Sample of Other Selection Procedures Academic Achievement Job Knowledge Tests Simulation or Performance Tests Cognitive or Mental Abilities Tests Physical Abilities Tests Biodata References

3 Academic Achievement Measures Examples of Operationalizations : Overall GPA GPA in a major Class Rank Complete specific courses Degree Requirements

4 Academic Achievement Measures: Validity Criterion-related validity coefficients for level of educational achievement with : Tenure.27 Supervisor perf. ratings.15 Promotions.23 (Meritt-Haston & Wexley, 1983)

5 Academic Achievement Measures: Problems Examples: Correcting for school quality Correcting for field of study Grade inflation

6 Academic Achievement Measures: Legal Issues Courts tend to accept college degree or advanced degree requirements, as long as degree appears relevant to job Less court acceptance of high school degree requirements for blue collar and low-level clerical jobs

7 Job Knowledge Tests Job Painter General Cook Auto Mechanic Question What do you do to knots and sappy places before painting? What do you use to clear boiled coffee? What joint is there between the differential and the transmission? Answers in class! (Burtt, 1954, cf. Smithers, 1988)

8 Simulation or Performance Tests Require applicant to perform a simulated portion of the job. Assumes skills are necessary upon job entry. Example KSAO to be assessed: Oral Communication Skill Effective expression in individual or group situations (includes gestures and nonverbal communications). (Thornton & Byham, 1982, p. 138)

9 Example of Simulation Procedure KSAO Oral Communication Skill Definition: Effective expression in individual or group situations (includes gestures and nonverbal communications). (Thornton & Byham, 1982, p. 138) Simulation Procedure Candidate for the job of school principal is given half an hour to study materials and prepare; then delivers a 10-minute presentation to assessors acting as a school board

10 Physical Fidelity Continuum for Simulation Tests Ployhart, R. E., Schneider, B., & Schmitt, N. (2006). Staffing organizations: Contemporary practice and theory (3 rd ed.; p. 511). Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum.

11 Example of a Situational Judgment Item Guion, R. M., & Highhouse, S. (2006). Essentials of personnel assessment and selection (p. 245). Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum.

12 Cognitive or Mental Abilities Tests Sometimes called paper-and-pencil tests for most common way they are given to applicants Cognitive abilities tests may actually measure an overall mental ability ( G ) or several cognitive areas (verbal, quantitative, memory, reasoning) reflecting a debate over general intelligence versus specific intelligences Common examples for the category include portions of the General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB), the Wonderlic Personnel Test, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Bennet Mechanical Comprehension Test, and the Minnesota Clerical Test, and MANY others WARNING: Potential for adverse impact on members of protected classes

13 Cognitive or Mental Abilities Tests Example 1 (cf. Siegel & Lane, 1982)

14 Cognitive or Mental Abilities Tests Example 2 (cf. Siegel & Lane, 1982)

15 Average Wonderlic Scores Guion, R. M., & Highhouse, S. (2006). Essentials of personnel assessment and selection (p. 240). Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum.

16 Cognitive Abilities Tests: Criterion-Related Validity Estimates Occupation Manager Clerical Sales clerk Vehicle operator Industrial Validity for Job Performance Criterion* * Corrected values from meta-analyses (Hunter, 1986)

17 Tests of Specific Aptitudes Ployhart, R. E., Schneider, B., & Schmitt, N. (2006). Staffing organizations: Contemporary practice and theory (3 rd ed.; p. 410). Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum.

18 Multiple Aptitude Test Batteries Ployhart, R. E., Schneider, B., & Schmitt, N. (2006). Staffing organizations: Contemporary practice and theory (3 rd ed.; p. 409). Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum.

19 Physical Abilities Tests Examples of Physical Abilities Reaction time Finger dexterity Strength Stamina Flexibility Examples of Relevant Occupations Construction workers Athletes Military Deep sea diver Quality control inspector (at the Cheerios factory) WARNING: Potential for adverse impact on members of protected classes

20 Fleishman: Physical Ability Categories Guion, R. M., & Highhouse, S. (2006). Essentials of personnel assessment and selection (p. 76). Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum.

21 Physical Abilities Taxonomies Guion, R. M., & Highhouse, S. (2006). Essentials of personnel assessment and selection (p. 77). Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum.

22 Physical Abilities Tests: Sample Definition Example of a Physical Ability: Flexibility Definition The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with the body or its appendages. It includes extending the limbs through a range of motion at the joints and making rapid, repeated flexing movements. (Fleishman, 1977, cf. Schneider & Schmitt, 1986, p. 316)

23 Physical Abilities Tests: How Flexibility is Different from Stretch Factors Flexibility Involves the ability of the arms, legs, and back to move in all directions without feeling tight or being able to move to a desired position (e.g., toe touching, reaching high above one s head, crawling through a very small space). Stretch Factors The ability of the muscles to exert a force. (Fleishman, 1977, cf. Schneider & Schmitt, 1986, p. 316)

24 Flexibility: Assessment Procedure Example (Fleishman, 1977, cf. Schneider & Schmitt, 1986, p. 316)

25 Flexibility Rating Scale (Fleishman, 1977, cf. Schneider & Schmitt, 1986, p. 317)

26 Biodata Basic idea is that the best predictor of future behavior is past behavior Empirical and Rational strategies for selecting which items to include Questions asked may be controversial and lacking in face validity Tend to get more accurate/truthful responses with verifiable items Research on biodata forms often report criterion-related validities over.40!

27 Biodata: Example Items Do you own a home? Did you ever repair a broken radio so that it later worked While growing up, did you collect coins? When you were a teenager, how much time did your father spend with you? Which best describes your feelings when you last worked with a computer?

28 References - Requested Information Employment history (e.g., job title, dates of employment) Educational history (e.g., verify degree) Evaluation of applicant character, personality, interpersonal competence Evaluation of applicant job performance Willingness to rehire (Cascio, 1987; Gatewood & Field, 1990)

29 References: Criterion-Related Validity Type of Criterion Mean r xy Number of Studies Overall N Ratings ,696 Turnover ,022 Global ,718 Source: Reilly & Chao (1982)

30 References: Problems Writers have difficult task of organizing letter Letter quality will depend on effort expended by writer and ability to express thoughts Same information may not be obtained on each applicant Areas or issues important to organization may be omitted Scoring of letter subjective and based on reader s interpretation Source: Gatewood & Field (1990)