ADVANCED General Certificate of Education Applied Information and Communication Technology Assessment Unit A2 7

Transcription

1 ADVANCED General Certificate of Education 2017 Applied Information and Communication Technology Assessment Unit A2 7 assessing Unit 7: Investigating Systems [A6J11] FRIDAY 9 JUNE, MORNING MARK SCHEME

2 General Marking Instructions Introduction Mark schemes are published to assist teachers and students in their preparation for examinations. Through the mark schemes teachers and students will be able to see what examiners are looking for in response to questions and exactly where the marks have been awarded. The publishing of the mark schemes may help to show that examiners are not concerned about finding out what a student does not know but rather with rewarding students for what they do know. The Purpose of Mark Schemes Examination papers are set and revised by teams of examiners and revisers appointed by the Council. The teams of examiners and revisers include experienced teachers who are familiar with the level and standards expected of students in schools and colleges. The job of the examiners is to set the questions and the mark schemes; and the job of the revisers is to review the questions and mark schemes commenting on a large range of issues about which they must be satisfied before the question papers and mark schemes are finalised. The questions and the mark schemes are developed in association with each other so that the issues of differentiation and positive achievement can be addressed right from the start. Mark schemes, therefore, are regarded as part of an integral process which begins with the setting of questions and ends with the marking of the examination. The main purpose of the mark scheme is to provide a uniform basis for the marking process so that all the markers are following exactly the same instructions and making the same judgements in so far as this is possible. Before marking begins a standardising meeting is held where all the markers are briefed using the mark scheme and samples of the students work in the form of scripts. Consideration is also given at this stage to any comments on the operational papers received from teachers and their organisations. During this meeting, and up to and including the end of the marking, there is provision for amendments to be made to the mark scheme. What is published represents this final form of the mark scheme. It is important to recognise that in some cases there may well be other correct responses which are equally acceptable to those published: the mark scheme can only cover those responses which emerged in the examination. There may also be instances where certain judgements may have to be left to the experience of the examiner, for example, where there is no absolute correct response all teachers will be familiar with making such judgements. 2

3 1 Features and benefits of a computerised system Possible answers are shown below Feature Relational Database: Tables and Fields with relationships Forms with validation Queries Reports Back Up Distributed access to data Stock System Security and Access Ordering system Benefit Better data integrity no problem with contacting customers - less issue with confusing data and mix up regarding table availability. Ensure that standard information is taken in customer booking such as a telephone number this helps if they do not turn up and we want to allocate a table to someone else. Queries to help Danny identify when payments due to be paid may prevent suppliers not delivering goods which may affect menu item availability and customer satisfaction. Identification of tables that will be free waiting time for customers estimated. Analysis of staff can help identify times when there is underutilisation or overutilisation less money spent on staff overtime staff less stressed therefore better customer experience identification of staff who are not abiding by company rules. Financial reports can be produced more easily. In the old system the paperwork could be lost or damaged - a lot of time would have to be spent recreating data for accountancy reports this is less likely with a robust back up system. Staff can be managed across all the restaurants optimise their time; stock orders can be grouped together and discounts obtained. Reports and automatic reorder levels will help prevent over and under ordering preventing wastage. Easier daily and weekly reordering of common items helps with estimating stock required. User log on accounts will only allow trained staff members gaining access the booking diary so table bookings can be optimised. Reduces the risk of fraud. Staff will be able to place order (through a device) Alternative valid answers other than that shown above are acceptable. 2 [2] Feature with an associated benefit [4] 4 3

4 2 Person Specification Analyst Software Developer Technician Knowledge and Experience Familiar with software development methodologies. ER modelling; Data flow diagramming; Integration and System testing; Test Plans; User Requirement elicitation; providing staff training. Unit Testing; Graphical User Interfaces; Construction of Database reports and queries; validation; maintenance Expertise in programming languages. Installing new systems; making backups; setting up hardware and software; operating systems; applying patches and repairing hardware; writing technical guides; manning help desks; knowledge of health and safety issues; maintenance; security troubleshooting. Personal Attributes and Competencies Ability to clearly convey technical and non-technical project issues to non-technical people; excellent communication, presentation, negotiation and team working skills; ability to work under pressure and meet deadlines. Strong analytical skills with good attention to detail; problem solving ability. Knowledge of algorithms; knowledge of pseudocode. Physically fit and understands appropriate lifting techniques. Alternative valid answers other than that shown above are acceptable. 6 [1] Correct Response [6] 6 4

5 3 Network Diagrams Typical Student Response may include: identification and sequencing of activities, estimation of task duration, identification of dependencies, creation of dependency table, drawing activity boxes (with EST, LST, EFT, LFT), forward and backward passes; identification of total project duration and critical path. Examples: estimating a realistic project duration in the first instance based on past projects; allocation of adequate resources to each task; monitoring actual and estimated duration throughout the project and dealing with any variation; concentrating on critical path activities by adding extra resources when problems occur; working out float available on non-critical tasks so that resources can be moved to more critical activities when necessary. 5

6 Level 1 ([1] [2]) Overall Impression: Basic Candidate provides a basic answer demonstrating simple understanding of network diagrams and how they can help Paul, the project manager, deliver the DANNY S DINERS project on time. Candidates identify a few steps involved in the creation of a network diagram. Candidates provide few or no examples of how information from a network diagram could help Paul, the project manager, deliver the DANNY S DINERS project on time. The candidate makes only a limited selection and use of an appropriate form and style of writing. The organisation of material may lack clarity and coherence. There is little use of specialist vocabulary. Presentation, spelling, punctuation and grammar may be such that intended meaning is not clear. Level 2 ([3] [4]) Overall Impression: Good Candidate provides a good answer showing a reasonable understanding of network diagrams and how they can help Paul, the project manager, deliver the DANNY S DINERS project on time. Candidates identify several steps involved in the creation of a network diagram. Candidates provide some examples of how information from a network diagram could help Paul, the project manager, deliver the DANNY S DINERS project on time. The candidate makes a reasonable selection and use of an appropriate form and style of writing. Relevant material is organised with some clarity and coherence. There is some use of appropriate specialist vocabulary. Presentation, spelling, punctuation and grammar are sufficiently competent to make meaning clear. Level 3 ([5] [6]) Overall Impression: Excellent Candidate provides an excellent answer showing thorough understanding of network diagrams and how they can help Paul, the project manager, deliver the DANNY S DINERS project on time. Candidates identify most steps involved in the creation of a network diagram. Candidates provide some good examples of how information from a network diagram could help Paul, the project manager, deliver the DANNY S DINERS project on time. The candidate successfully selects and uses the most appropriate form and style of writing. Relevant material is organised with a high degree of clarity and coherence. There is widespread and accurate use of appropriate specialist vocabulary. Presentation, spelling, punctuation and grammar are of a sufficiently high standard to make meaning clear. All other valid answers will be given credit. [0] awarded for a response not worthy of credit. [6] 6 6

7 4 DSDM Typical Student Response may include: Characteristic Disadvantages Advantages Iterative continual improvement and change. More difficult for Paul to manage. Danny unlikely to know a lot about new computer systems and may find it difficult to express or realise requirements this approach will help. High user involvement throughout with Incremental releases/ delivery. Fixed Time and Budget/Timeboxing; Changing/Prioritised requirements. Emphasis on face to face communication. Prototyping. Testing throughout. Danny needs to invest time into assessing each increment. Some requirements are not completed which may disappoint Danny he may have higher expectations of what can be achieved. If disputes arise it may be difficult to determine what was actually said; people may forget details or find it hard to listen for a long time difficult when need to look at areas in a lot of detail or make contractual agreements. Time required to develop prototypes which may be scrapped; Raised customer expectations disappointed and confused if things omitted or changed. Danny gets to see the product in stages and give feedback tangible can actually see it. Does not tend to overrun budget and time most important requirements are completed first important as Danny s Diners is a small business and likely to have limited cash flow they also need the system asap. Danny is an entrepreneur and likely to be high motivated and want to be involved probably appreciates this personal type of communication more likely to engage. Errors picked up at an earlier stage when easier and less expensive to fix more likely to satisfy Danny. Get to try out system early. 7

8 Level 1 ([1] [2]) Overall Impression: Basic Candidate provides a basic answer demonstrating simple understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of using DSDM for the DANNY S DINERS project. Candidates discuss few advantages and/or disadvantages of DSDM which show little relevance in the DANNY S DINERS project. The candidate makes only a limited selection and use of an appropriate form and style of writing. The organisation of material may lack clarity and coherence. There is little use of specialist vocabulary. Presentation, spelling, punctuation and grammar may be such that intended meaning is not clear. Level 2 ([3] [4]) Overall Impression: Good Candidate provides a good answer showing a reasonable understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of using DSDM for the DANNY S DINERS project. Candidates discuss some advantages and/or disadvantages of DSDM which show some relevance in the DANNY S DINERS project. The candidate makes a reasonable selection and use of an appropriate form and style of writing. Relevant material is organised with some clarity and coherence. There is some use of appropriate specialist vocabulary. Presentation, spelling, punctuation and grammar are sufficiently competent to make meaning clear. Level 3 ([5] [6]) Overall Impression: Excellent Candidate provides an excellent answer showing thorough understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of using DSDM for the DANNY S DINERS project. Candidates discuss some advantages and disadvantages of DSDM linking some to specific characteristics and showing their relevance in the DANNY S DINERS project. The candidate successfully selects and uses the most appropriate form and style of writing. Relevant material is organised with a high degree of clarity and coherence. There is widespread and accurate use of appropriate specialist vocabulary. Presentation, spelling, punctuation and grammar are of a sufficiently high standard to make meaning clear. All other valid answers will be given credit. [0] awarded for a response not worthy of credit. [6] 6 8

9 5 Documentation Document Examples of Content Benefit for team members 1 Scope/Schedule/Gantt/ Network diagram; Resources/ Costs/Staff. Project Plan Terms of Reference System Specification Test Plan 2 Equipment/Hardware/ Software; SW Development Approach Standards and Procedures. 1 Boundaries or scope of the investigation. 2 Time and Budget Constraints. Objectives and scopes/vision. 1 Algorithms; Data Models/ER Diagrams/DFDs; Screen Designs/Storyboards Data Dictionary; Hardware Specification. 2 Data Communications; Test Plan; Output Requirements. Report design. 1 Test approach and levels: module, integration, system and acceptance. 2 Resources test environment Schedule; How errors are reported/logged; Staff involved; Standards and procedures to be followed. Tests with expected outcomes. Test data, id, number. Deviations from the plan can be highlighted allowing Paul to take timely corrective action. Establishes expectations or goals of what is included and not included in the project so that planning can begin; contractual and legal protection of DANNY s DINERS in case of future disputes. Protects Danny and Paul. Blueprint or logical model of new system so that programmers can be delegated tasks and test cases created. To develop high quality product/increase user satisfaction and confidence in development process; helps Paul set aside resources for testing and schedule; prevent errors as early as possible; improve software development process helps Anne deliver good design. Alternative valid answers other than that shown above are acceptable. 9 [1] Correct Response [9] 9 9

10 6 Fact Finding Information Discovered The date, time, and customer name is noted in the booking diary. The names of documents sent to the suppliers and customers and received from them. People have to wait around long time for tables. The quality of customer service within the restaurant. Danny plans to open a new restaurant and change times when menus are offered. The daily order details are written on a whiteboard in the kitchen. Staff opinion on areas for improvement. Most appropriate Fact-finding Technique Document Analysis Document Analysis Observation Questionnaire Interview Observation Interview Use of Information Designing the fields for the booking and customer tables in the database. Drawing external data flows in the Context Diagram; Input Output table. Identification of unexpected problems in the business that need to be addressed by the new system. Results used as a benchmark or comparing the new system with old. How adaptable the system is required to be to meet changing needs. Helps to determine how forms should be designed for the kitchen staff. Business users to prioritise. Alternative valid answers other than that shown above are acceptable. 10 [1] Correct Response [10] 10 10

11 7 Users Typical student response: Danny being the manager of Danny s Diners will be involved in agreeing up the initial terms of reference as he will enable funding. Users will be involved in elicitation or determination of the users requirements in analysis: Maureen will want a system that allows her to book customers, view table utilisation and manage staff; Danny would like a system dealing with finance and stock; the waitresses have a lot of knowledge on taking orders from customers and can help with the development of user interfaces. Users will also be involved in acceptance testing, prototyping and storyboarding The benefits of involving users include: engagement with the process; prioritising requirements so system meets their most relevant needs and increases satisfaction; users can test the system using their business knowledge and using real data to detect errors at an early stage of development leading to a higher quality product. Challenges include: everyone is very busy in Danny s Diners and will find it difficult to commit their time to the project; their expectations may be too high they do not understand the complexity of their requests; it is difficult to communicate aspects of the project to the users in a non-technical way to allow understanding. 11

12 Level 1 ([1] [2]) Overall Impression: Basic Candidate provides a basic answer demonstrating simple understanding of user involvement in the software development process. Candidates discuss the involvement of users in the development process. Candidates may discuss some benefits of user involvement in the DANNY S DINERS project. Candidates provide few or no examples for some users at DANNY S DINERS. The candidate makes only a limited selection and use of an appropriate form and style of writing. The organisation of material may lack clarity and coherence. There is little use of specialist vocabulary. Presentation, spelling, punctuation and grammar may be such that intended meaning is not clear. Level 2 ([3] [4]) Overall Impression: Good Candidate provides a good answer showing a reasonable understanding of user involvement in the software development process. Candidates discuss the involvement of users at various stages in the software development lifecycle. Candidates discuss some benefits of user involvement in the DANNY S DINERS project. Candidates provide examples for some specific users at DANNY S DINERS. The candidate makes a reasonable selection and use of an appropriate form and style of writing. Relevant material is organised with some clarity and coherence. There is some use of appropriate specialist vocabulary. Presentation, spelling, punctuation and grammar are sufficiently competent to make meaning clear. Level 3 ([5] [6]) Overall Impression: Excellent Candidate provides an excellent answer showing thorough understanding of user involvement in the software development process. Candidates discuss the involvement of users throughout the software development lifecycle. Candidates discuss several benefits and/or challenges of user involvement in the DANNY S DINERS project. Candidates provide good examples for several specific users at DANNY S DINERS. The candidate successfully selects and uses the most appropriate form and style of writing. Relevant material is organised with a high degree of clarity and coherence. There is widespread and accurate use of appropriate specialist vocabulary. Presentation, spelling, punctuation and grammar are of a sufficiently high standard to make meaning clear. All other valid answers will be given credit. [0] awarded for a response not worthy of credit. [6] 6 12

13 8 Data Flow Diagrams (a) transformation series of diagrams context external entities or environment one process files or data stores decomposed level-1 processes or external entities external entities or processes or internal internal logically 12 [1] Correct response [12] (b) Possible responses: Entity should be named Supplier Entity id should be a lower case letter Final reminder going wrong way Data flow supplier receipt must go through process Process should contain verb Process ID should be numerical Manage Reminders file should be Reminders Supplier invoices are not stored anywhere 8 [1] Correct response [8] 20 accept: the data flow changes name upon exit from the process. 13

14 9 Database Design (a) SUPPLIER:PURCHASE ORDER 1:M PURCHASE ORDER: PURCHASE ORDER LINE 1:M PURCHASE ORDER LINE:STOCK M:1 3 [1] correct relationships [3] (b) TABLE Field Name Data Type Key Field Calculated PURCHASE ORDER Order No Integer Yes No Order Date Date No No Supplier ID Text, 2 No No Comments Memo No No Sub Total or Grand Total Currency No Yes SUPPLIER Supplier ID Text, or Text, 1 Yes No Text, 2 Supplier Name Text, 50 No No Supplier Address Text, 50 or text No No Comments Text, 50 No No 11 [1] correct response [11] (c) Possible responses include: Discrepancy Too little delivered Amount due on Invoice too high Invoice received but no delivery Query Compare quantity received field with quantity ordered Determine Grand Total on purchase order and compare with Amount due on associated invoice Identify those invoices with a blank or null delivery date on their associated order form 1 x [2] discrepancy and associated example [2] 16 14

15 10 Prototyping (a) Typical Student Response: wants to clarify user requirements and needs as the waitresses have not used this type of system before they may not easily realise their needs requirements can be changed based on feedback; highlights misunderstandings test assumptions on how the user interface should look and the way the handhelds are used to create orders; thinks that involving the waitresses would help in their training and acceptance of the new system; is a good way to perform some testing at an early stage in development when changes are less costly; she can ask the waitresses to test with their own data and simulate the real working environment revealing user actions that Anne did not anticipate; she can develop the prototypes quickly and then throw them away or evolve them; she can test out the new devices and identify issues with the new technology; more likely to satisfy the user s desire for look, feel and performance. Improvements that may be considered include: use drop down menus linked to tables in database instead of entering text to reduce errors and increase speed; divide up the items to order into categories; show the price for all items ordered; show feedback for example what is actually ordered for each table and provide a total for everything ordered; show the time of the order only items available for that time of day shown. 15

16 Level 1 ([1] [2]) Overall Impression: Basic Candidate provides a basic answer demonstrating simple understanding of prototyping and ability to suggest improvements. Candidates provide limited reasons for the use of prototyping for the development of the customer ordering system at DANNY S DINERS. Candidates provide poor, if any, suggestions for improvements to the user interface. The candidate makes only a limited selection and use of an appropriate form and style of writing. The organisation of material may lack clarity and coherence. There is little use of specialist vocabulary. Presentation, spelling, punctuation and grammar may be such that intended meaning is not clear. Level 2 ([3] [4]) Overall Impression: Good Candidate provides a good answer showing a reasonable understanding of prototyping and ability to suggest improvements. Candidates provide some reasons for the use of prototyping for the development of the customer ordering system at DANNY S DINERS. Candidates provide some suggestions for improvements to the prototype. The candidate makes a reasonable selection and use of an appropriate form and style of writing. Relevant material is organised with some clarity and coherence. There is some use of appropriate specialist vocabulary. Presentation, spelling, punctuation and grammar are sufficiently competent to make meaning clear. Level 3 ([5] [6]) Overall Impression: Excellent Candidate provides an excellent answer showing thorough understanding of prototyping and ability to suggest improvements. Candidates provide a good range of reasons for the use of prototyping for the development of the customer ordering system at DANNY S DINERS. Candidates provide good suggestions for improvements to the prototype. The candidate successfully selects and uses the most appropriate form and style of writing. Relevant material is organised with a high degree of clarity and coherence. There is widespread and accurate use of appropriate specialist vocabulary. Presentation, spelling, punctuation and grammar are of a sufficiently high standard to make meaning clear. All other valid answers will be given credit. [0] awarded for a response not worthy of credit. [6] 16

17 (b) Test Case Description Who Type of Test Measure the performance of the whole DANNY S DINERS system. Analyst System Check the menu options displayed on the handheld devices match those stored in the database. Set variables in the Submit Bill function to different values and check that the output is correct. Check the navigation system throughout the DANNY S DINERS system using the menu commands. Analyst Programmer Analyst Integration Module; Program; Unit System Enter data Waitress Acceptance 6 x [1] correct responses [6] 12 17

18 11 Changeover and Maintenance (a) Parallel (only acceptable) Possible reasons for parallel include: Parallel involves double the work but this is ok as extra waitresses are available You run both systems together no need to close down for a while Mistakes are not an issue as data is recorded in both systems and can be rectified Parallel + 2 [1] each reason [3] (b) Possible student responses may include: The business may change how it operates: for example the customer must pay a deposit when booking a large table. Extra requirements not asked for at an earlier stage: a web page with menus from the database may be requested. Changes in the environment: the handhelds may be updated but they may use a different operating system. Errors may be found only when it is operating: for example maybe users can enter a table number that does not exist. Enhancing performance and efficiency of the system: when the number of orders made increases as the business expands this is more important. Either preventive, corrective, maintenance any two adaptive or perfective [2] 5 Total