History of Manufacturing

Transcription

1 History of Manufacturing Computer Integrated Manufacturing 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

2 Overview This presentation discusses The need for manufacturing A brief history of manufacturing Key figures in manufacturing An example of the manufacturing process

3 Why Manufacture? Manufacturing accounts for 20% of the US gross domestic product Manufacturing employs 17% of the U.S. workforce 1 Domestic Product Workforce 1 according to the National Science and Technology Council

4 History of Manufacturing Prior to 19 th century Artisans Handmade products

5 History of Manufacturing Prior to the 19 th century Eli Whitney Photos courtesy of

6 History of Manufacturing Early 1900s Henry Ford From Wiki

7 History of Manufacturing Early 1900s Kiichiro Toyoda Lean Manufacturing Five areas drive lean manufacturing/production: Cost Quality Delivery Safety Morale

8 History of Manufacturing Mid 1900s Jervis B. Webb Co. creates the first electronically coordinated conveyor system Photo courtesy of Jervis B. Webb Col.

9 Manufacturing Today Automatic Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS) Moves material vertically or horizontally between storage compartment and transfer station or within a process Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) Computer-controlled system using pallets to transport work pieces to NC machine tools and other equipment in a flexible manufacturing system Artificial Intelligence (AI) Machines learn from experience Knowledge used to problem solve

10 Manufacturing Today Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) Company-wide management philosophy for planning, integration, and implementation of automation Manufacturing Enterprise Wheel 1. Customer-centered 2. People and teamwork 3. Shared knowledge 4. Key processes 5. Resources and responsibilities 6. Infrastructure Photo Courtesy of Kettering Communications

11 Manufacturing Today Kaizen Japanese word for improvement Based on continuous improvement by everyone Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) Adapts efficiently to changing need Possibly increase productivity by 50%

12 Manufacturing Today Just In Time Manufacturing (JIT) Objective is to eliminate waste Capable of producing mixed products Utilizes cross-trained workers Toyota Production System (TPS) Applied to automotive manufacturing Competes with mass production Employs lean production strategy Lean Manufacturing Systematic elimination of waste Entire system must participate to produce effectively

13 Lean Manufacturing Video

14 Manufacturing Today Six Sigma (6σ) Indicates measure of quality for near perfection Produces fewer than 3.4 defects per million opportunities Identifies and corrects causes of defects Utilizes the five whys to uncover root cause 6σ

15 Manufacturing Today Rapid Prototyping Prototype made directly from a computer model Several technologies Stereolithography 3D Printing Selective Laser Sintering Fused Deposition Modeling Workcell Manufacturing resources arranged into a group Work Envelope Range of motion of a robot or machine Degrees of freedom are individual movements

16 References Computer and Automated Systems Association of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (3 rd ed.). (1993). The new manufacturing enterprise wheel. Dearborn, Michigan: Author. Elshennawy, A.K., & Schrader, G.F. (2000). Manufacturing processes and materials. Dearborn, MI: Society of Manufacturing Engineers. Ford Motor Company. (n.d.) Ford Model T turns 100: Centennial celebrations underway for the historic icon. Retrieved from media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=27864 Kettering University. (n.d.) Industrial engineering laboratories. Retrieved December 18, 2007, from undergraduate/industrialengineering_labs.jsp Kiichiro Toyoda. (2009). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from Microsoft Clip Art. (2009). Retrieved from

17 References Rapid Prototyping. (2009). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from RobotWorx. (2009). Work envelope. Retrieved from Rufe, P.D. (Ed.). (2002). Fundamentals of manufacturing. Dearborn, MI: Society of Manufacturing Engineers. Six Sigma Dictionary (2009). In isixsigma. Retrieved from Toyoda, K. (2009). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from title=kiichiro_toyoda&oldid=