Columbus Operations as Long-term Manned Spaceflight Experience

Transcription

1 GSOC German Space Operations Center Columbus Operations as Long-term Manned Spaceflight Experience Thomas Uhlig München, Oct 2012

2 Supporting material Slide 2

3 Supporting material Slide 3

4 FOTO VON MARSROVER!!!! Slide 4

5 Largest space object created by mankind Over 375t of mass Over 100 visits by other spacecrafts Almost 1000 hours of extravehicular activities Altitude: km Inclination of 51,6 Slide 5

6 International ISS operations network Tsukuba Slide 6

7 Inside a Control Center EUROCOM COSMO COL-OC COL-FLIGHT DMS SYSTEMS The Responsible Interface Overall person responsibility to who and for Communicates the stowage coordinator for Columbus board ECLSS, on of board EPDS the and USOCs operations. with Computers TCS the system Astro- on nauts Mechanical Board on Columbus board activities Responsible Coordinates board the for the Configures system Columbus to payload Flight the high rate interface Emergency control data team. traffic responses with the Is maintaining station the surveys Plug-in-plan. the on board video Point Interacts of equipment contact with the for all PL Station related Flight questions Director for in Houston the FCT Planning function Slide 7

8 Ways of Communications The ISS is using the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) system which allows almost continuous contact Slide 8

9 Ways of Communications Verbal communication 2 voice channels Voice-over-IP capabilities Visual communications 4 (+1) video channels (one-way) Still photographs, which are downlinked (latency of 2-3 days) Written communications Procedures, timeline, stowage note Daily Summary and other documents (private and operationally) crew notes Slide 9

10 Principal operational concept Slide 10

11 Principal operational concept All activities are performed via approved and validated procedures Procedures enable the crew to a certain extend to work autonomously, but include ground steps/coordination Slide 11

12 Interaction with Mission Control Crew procedures include steps for coordination with ground: To keep ground in sync To allow ground to command activities which cannot be performed by crew due to the software design To assist the crew (take tasks off them) To avoid overly complicated procedures (conditional steps) Report results Most of the crew communication as per procedure could be avoided by more advanced technology/on-board software/improved procedure standards Slide 12

13 Ground commanding Numerous procedures are commanded by Mission Control to safe crew time to increase the ISS utilization time to decrease the training/expertise level required for crew but still to keep a man in the loop Ground commanding for a missions with considerable comm delay is difficult: On-board situation might have changed Keeping the man in the loop would require long commanding times More powerful, autonomous onboard software required Slide 13

14 Off-nominal operations Three levels of failure announciation: From FR B2-13 Caution and Warning Management: Cautions: Ground takes care Slide 14

15 Off-nominal operations Three levels of failure announciation: From FR B2-13 Caution and Warning Management: Warning: One crew member, ground can take over Slide 15

16 Off-nominal operations Three levels of failure announciation: From FR B2-13 Caution and Warning Management: Slide 16

17 Emergency operations Three emergency scenarios are defined: Fire Rapid Depress Toxic Atmosphere Common crew response (warn, gather, fight) Special crew response dependent on emergency Responses are already designed for independency Excape to earth option available any time Medical Emergencies are handled differently Dedicated treatment procedures/equipment on board Crew medical officers Flight Surgeons available on ground Slide 17

18 Emergency operations For a future Mars mission: Additional emergency scenarios might need to be considered (i.e. during landing ops, EVA surface ops, ) No escape to Earth option No ground support possible No direct medical support from Crew Surgeon possible, nor Private Medical Conferences (PMCs), Private Psychological Conferences (PPCs), Private Family Conferences (PMCs) to early detect any issues Slide 18

19 ISS Testbed for Analog Research NASA is using ISS as a platform to conduct tests relevant to future human exploration beyond LEO Objectives: Understand and reduce human spaceflight risks in order to prepare for human exploration missions Prepare for autonomous crew operations for Mars or NEO missions Exercise the ground elements of training and technology development Evaluate new technologies in a microgravity environment Test space exploration concepts and technologies in following areas Yield continual engineering and scientific improvements to integrated exploration system design Slide 19

20 Mission Control Center Mission Support Center Slide 20

21 References T. Kuch, D. Sabath, The Columbus-CC Operating the European laboratory at ISS. Acta Astronautica, 63 (1-4), p (2008). T. Uhlig, A. Nitsch, J. Kehr, Wie Columbus fliegen lernte, Springer (2010). English translation in preparation. A. Mishkin, Y. Lee, D. Korth, T. LeBlanc, Human-Robotic Missions to the Moon and Mars: Operations Design Implications. IEEEAC (2007). Y. Lee, D. Eagles, F. Moreno, M. Rodriggs, S. Beisert, D. Stapleton, The International Space Station: Unique In-Space Testbed as Exploration Analog, Space Ops (2012). Slide 21