WIRELESS MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON ARM7 FOR INDUSTRIAL ISSUES

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1 IJRCCT, ISSN , Vol 1, Issue 6, November WIRELESS MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON ARM7 FOR INDUSTRIAL ISSUES R.Pushpasri 1, V.Dhana Raj 2, A. Pravin 3, Dr.N.S.Murthi Sarma 4, 1 PG Scholar,Dept of Electronics and communication Engg.,BVC Engg.College,Odalarevu rokkala.pushpa@gmail.com 2 Professor,,Dept of ECE.,BVC Engg.College,Odalarevu,drvalluri.bvce@bvcgroup.in 3 Assoc. Professor,,Dept of ECE.,BVC Engg.College,Odalarevu,akula.pravin@gmail.com 4 Professor, Dept of ECE.,BVC Engg.College,Odalarevu,hodece.bvce@bvcgroup.in Abstract In Industries attendance of an employee and monitoring of production are done manually which causes less efficiency and accuracy, and more over it takes much time than monitoring systems. Another problem arises when the work is onsite, which needs wireless transmission. In this project, we are using RFID for unique identification of employees ID cards and production entries. In addition, ZIGBEE is for transmission of these data from onsite to controller room. Setting up a voice module and displays device in the system shows the information of the products in PC which will be stored in the database, and voice module is advantageous for blind people also, which gives the assurance of the products or employees whether they arrived or exit. For implementing these modules we used ARM7 processor. Keywords: RFID -Radio frequency Identification, ZigBee - Wireless networking standards targeted at low-power applications, ARM7- Advanced RISC Machines, RISC- Reduced Instruction Set Computing. I. INTRODUCTION Today we are discussing about efficiency of the production in an enterprise. Many manufacturers and distributors in an enterprise still manage inventory on log sheets and with index card systems. This was the method which has been in use for years, but in today s world we need speed and error free work, you should not rely on your employees always getting the number right. Providing production efficiency of an enterprise and also the tracking and tracing of production and attendence of employee enhances a company s image [1]. Bar- coding and two-dimension code are reliable and effective in ensuring the efficient delivery of Goods to a business but, a traditional Bar code can scan only one item and store a few or a dozen English letters of Arabic numbers and Two-dimensional code unable to store Chinese characters, graphics or information in some other forms. These two codes can be read only. Dot matrix and ink jet printers cannot print high quality bar codes. A UHF Radio Frequency Identification tag module is then developed with the inkjet - printing technology, providing this approach could function as an enabling technology for much simpler and faster fabrication on/in paper and also verify a good performance of the tag module [8]. To provide the most basic and important requirement is to get the real time status and data of the various manufacturing systems in an enterprise we are using RFID and ZigBee technology. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been attracting considerable attention with the expectation of improved supply chain visibility for both suppliers and retailers[4].radio Frequency Identification technology, which is widely adopted for supply chain management, can be used effectively for the traceability management [5] and ZigBee is the only standards based wireless technology. This technology has been used widely by many organizations in some industrialized countries. Radio frequency identification is a tagging system for automatic identification of recyclable components of Industries solid waste stream [6]. RFID systems are often classified as passive (deriving power in the tag solely from rectifying the incident RF power) or active chiefeditor@ijrcct.org Page 306

2 (hattery-assisted). Many of these systems are based on a low frequency standard at MHz, with read distances on the order of 1 cm. Longer-range. systems often use high transmitted power, higher frequencies, and/or active or semi passive transponders for range enhancement [11].RFID monitoring devices can serve as the data collection system and the ZigBee wireless network can serve as the communication system to transmit the data to different levels of an enterprise management. From the perspective of the system automatic control, RFID and ZigBee monitoring system serves as the feedback link so as to achieve the closed loop control and management of the enterprise, as shown in figure 1., In this system, data transmissions are transmitted through the cable network. The cable network does have a higher ransfer rate, stronger anti-jamming capability etc. However, for a monitoring system in complex situations, the power lines or the communication lines could be a constraint and they may severely restrict the range that the wired sensors can reach. The zigbee technology, however, can easily solve this problem. B. An Overview of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Desired manufacturing task Production Process Control Center Control Signal CNC Machining manufacturing process Feedback the Monitorined Manufacturing Status Disturbance Produ ct RFID is an acronym for Radio Frequency Identification. In general terms, RFID is a means of identifying a person or object using a radio frequency transmission. In other words RFID is an electronic method of exchanging data over radio frequency waves. The technology can be used to identify, track, sort or detect a wide variety of objects. Zig BeeWireless Transmission Network rfid monitoring devices Monitoring Noise Figure 1. Close-loop Control Model of the Manufacturing System II. ZIGBEE AND RFID IN THE MANUFACTURING WIRELESS MONITORING SYSTEM IN AN ENTERPRISE There are three major components of an RFID system: the reader, the antenna, and the tags as shown in the figure 2. Each tag is associated with a unique number. When a tag is in the detection range of the reader, the number is read. Two types of tags can be found: active tags with a longer detection range and passive tags with a shorter detection range. An RFID tag is usually attached to an object and the information of the object along with the RFID number are recorded in the database. Whenever the RFID tag is sensed, the object can thus be identified. The RFID and Zigbee in the manufacturing wireless monitoring system in an enterprise consists of Data transmission, RFID and Zigbee.The brief description of each unit is explained as follows. A. Technical Requirement for Data Transmission The Data collection and data transmission of information both are equally important. The manufacturing wireless monitoring system as a whole can do a good job only if the wireless information transmission networks match each other well. In this system, all the useful information can be transmitted such as manufacturing status, production process, the location and other information of the parts, products, machines, vehicles and the attendance of the workers. C. Zigbee Technology Figure 2. A Simple RFID System Zigbee is new wireless technology guided by IEEE Personal Area Network standard. It chiefeditor@ijrcct.org Page 307

3 is primarily designed for the wide range controlling applications and to replace the existing non-standard technologies. It currently operates in 868 MHz band at a data rate of 20Kbps in Europe, 914MHz band at 40kbps in USA, and the 2.4GHz ISM bands Worldwide at a maximum data-rate of 250kbps. It is used to verify whether user s truncation is possible or not. One of the main advantages of this ZIGBEE communication is that it provides a noise free communication, the amount of noise added in this type of communication is very less compared to the other wireless communications. batteries can support an RFID node for 6 to 24 months of even longer [10]. In comparison, a Bluetooth device in the same situation can only work for weeks and the Wi-Fi device only a few hours. It is also easy for the controllers to operate on the RFID chips and the requirements for the controller are very low and it is free of patent fee. And also, the cost of the ZigBee chips is quite low. The price of each ZigBee chip is about 2 US dollars currently [11].ZigBee can respond fast. Generally, it takes only 15ms to switch from the sleeping mode to the working mode, and 30ms to connect a node with the network. In comparison, the Bluetooth needs 3 to 10 seconds to connect, and Wi-Fi needs about 3s [11]. III. ARCHITECTURE OF RFID AND ZIGBEE BASED MONITORING SYSTEM Figure 3. A Simple ZigBee Network D. Advantages of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Zigbee RFID has many advantages. Compared with barcode and two-dimension code, its advantage lies in the way to read and store the data. RFID tags can contain more data, can be read or written in remote distance and the reader can read more than one tags at the same time, owing to the anti-collision technology. A traditional barcode can only store, a few or a dozen English letters or Arabic numbers, and twodimensional code can store dozens of letters, but it is unable to store Chinese characters, graphics or information in some other forms. Both barcode and two-dimension code are read-only. Meanwhile, an FRID tag can store more than 4MB so far, and there is no limit on the data type and data structure [9]. A complete manufacturing enterprise can be divided into different layers. Different layers do different kinds of jobs. The enterprise can function well and efficiently only if every layer can do a good job and different layers can match each other well. In the RFID and ZigBee based manufacturing monitoring system of an enterprise, all the software and hardware can be divided into four layers: manufacturing layer, monitoring layer, transmission layer and application layer as shown in Figure 4. A. The Manufacturing Layer The Manufacturing layer includes parts, products, machines, vehicles and workers etc. It can monitor manufacturing status, the production, the locations and other information of the parts, machines, vehicles and workload of each worker. In RFID and Zigbee based manufacturing monitoring system, every object must have a RFID tag on it to be checked. For the reader can read several tags at the same time without contact, the efficiency is obviously improved. The RFID technology can monitor the objects (tags) in real -time. Using RFID tags can help us simplify the procedure of the testing processes, improve the efficiency and reduce the expenses both for workers and the equipment. As a new rising technology, ZigBee also has many advantages. One of the most attractive advantages is that it is very energysaving. In the energy-saving mode, a pair of 5# chiefeditor@ijrcct.org Page 308

4 Figure 4. Architecture of RFID and ZigBee Based Monitoring System Reader rf signal processing Time Dat Power. The manufacturing system can differentiate different objects because of unique ID of each tag. Therefore before using system, we have to provide the information between objects and tags into system and write some data into tags. B. The Monitoring Layer The monitoring layer is the core of RFID and Zigbee based manufacturing system. The information in nearby tags is collected by using readers located differently. The readers can read the data on tags and transfer the data to end user devices we can get distance between tag and reader by detecting signal of a tag with increase in quantity of the readers the positioning accuracy also increases. The accuracy reaches a centimeter s level with the usage of high-end RFID devices. These readers read the tags as well as write to the tags while writing to tags information is recorded. We can know which processes are done and which are not with RFID readers with greatest easiness. C. The Transmission Layer chip Data Collecting RFID Technology Data Transmitting: ZigBee Wireless Network ZigBee Terminal Unit RF signal Processing Zigbee coordinator Zigbee Reapeter This layer aims at transmitting the monitored data to end user devices in order to have Tag End User Figure5.. Functions of RFID and ZigBee in the Monitoring System further processes. We choose the ZigBee technology is used here as a transmitting media. Its features decide that ZigBee suits the environment in the workshop very well. There are mainly two ZigBee network topological structures used in this project. Different structures are used according to different environments and requirements. The Zigbee nodes can receive and Transmit the data from RFID devices to the end User and some nodes with gateways can be also used as a repeater, which can make the communication relay to spread the information much farther [14]. D. The Interface Layer This layer is aim at the connections between end-user devices and the ZigBee devices, and the way the end-user devices read the monitored data. So-called end-user devices are monitoring computers for the workshop, or the automatic controlling and alarming devices. This is not complex because the RFID devices provide the universal series interfaces such as the most common Universal Series Bus (USB). As the ZigBee protocol is open so we can read from the ZigBee chip directly in C++ or some other languages,and there are template codes available, so mastering the interface technology is not so difficult even for non-professional users. IV. PORTING ANDROID TO HARDWARE BOARD The block diagram of the design is as shown in Fig 6. It consists of power supply unit, Microcontroller LPC2148, Ethernet modem, Energy meter, PC and LCD display. The brief description of each unit is explained as follows. Voice Module Figure 6. Block Diagram of Monitoring system design The software application and the hardware implementation help the microcontroller (ARM7TDMI) to monitor all the parameters continuously and display it on the LCD and send data to the PC as the changes occurs in the system. The chiefeditor@ijrcct.org Page 309

5 system is totally designed using RFID reader, zigbee and embedded systems technology. Figure 7. Block Diagram of Wireless Monitor System based on ARM7 for Industrial Issues. ARM&TDMI is an advanced version of the microprocessors and it is the heart of system The Controlling unit has an application program to allow the microcontroller read the incoming data through the RFID reader and sends it to Zigbee and transmit it to receiver and display on PC. The performance of the design is maintained by controlling unit. ARM7 TDMI reads the information from those readers and sends it to the PC through the Zigbee. ARM7 continuously receives the data from the meter, after processing, the data is displayed on the LCD. A. Power Supply The input to the circuit is applied from the regulated power supply. The a.c. input i.e., 230V from the mains supply is step down by the transformer to 12V and is fed to a rectifier. The output obtained from the rectifier is a pulsating d.c voltage. So in order to get a pure d.c voltage, the output voltage from the rectifier is fed to a filter to remove any a.c components present even after rectification. Now, this voltage is given to a voltage regulator to obtain a pure constant dc voltage. B. RFID Reader An RFID reader consists of an antenna, transceiver and decoder, which sends periodic signals to inquire about any tag in vicinity. On receiving any signal from a tag it passes on that information to the data processor. The data processing subsystem provides the means of processing and storing the data. C. LPC 2148 The LPC2141/42/44/46/48 micro controllers are based on a 16-bit/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with real - time emulation and embedded trace support, that combine microcontroller with embedded high speed flash memory ranging from 32 kb to 512 kb. A 128-bit wide memory interface and unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit code execution at the maximum clock rate. For critical code size applications, the alternative 16-bit Thumb mode reduces code by more than 30 % with minimal performance penalty. Due to their tiny size and low power consumption,lpc2141/ 42/44/46/48 are ideal for applications where miniaturization is a key requirement, such as access control and point-of-sale. D. LCD LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display. LCD is finding wide spread use replacing LEDs (seven segment LEDs or other multi segment LEDs) because of the following reasons: 1.The declining prices of LCDs. 2.The ability to display numbers, characters and graphics. This is in contrast to LEDs, which are limited to numbers and a few characters. These components are specialized for being used with the microcontrollers, which means that they cannot be activated by standard IC circuits. They are used for writing different messages on a miniature LCD.Once the power supply is turned on, LCD is automatically cleared. This process lasts for approximately 15mS. After that, display is ready to operate. The mode of operating is set by default. E. ZigBee ZigBee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh networking standard. First, the low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed in wireless control and monitoring applications. Second, the low power-usage allows longer life with smaller batteries. Third, the mesh networking provides high reliability and more extensive range. F. Voice Module The LM386 is a power amplifier designed for use in low voltage consumer applications. The gain is internally set to 20 to keep external part count low, but the addition of an external resistor and capacitor between pins 1 and 8 will increase the gain to any value from 20 to 200. The inputs are ground referenced while the output automatically biases to one-half the supply voltage. The quiescent power drain is only 24 milli watts when operating from a 6 volt supply, making the LM386 ideal for battery operation. V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS chiefeditor@ijrcct.org Page 310

Assemble the circuit on the PCB as shown in Fig 8. After assembling the circuit on the PCB, check it for proper connections before switching on the power supply. Figure 10.

Assemble the circuit on the PCB If we place the Radio Frequency Tag infront of Radio Frequency Reader then the data will be displayed on LCD.

to observe the attendence of an employee in factory RFID is useful.consider a day dated 24-11-12 when Siva enters into factory at 10am the RFID reader reads his provided number eg.

After receiving the information receiver sends it to PC.The PC store the current information in Data Base as shown in the above figure 10. Figure 11.

6 Assemble the circuit on the PCB as shown in Fig 8. After assembling the circuit on the PCB, check it for proper connections before switching on the power supply. Figure 10. The Displayed information is stored in data Base. Figure 8. Assemble the circuit on the PCB If we place the Radio Frequency Tag infront of Radio Frequency Reader then the data will be displayed on LCD.Let us consider one example for a clear view of this procedure as shown in Figure 9 explained as follows. Suppose, In Industry an employee named Siva is working.to observe the attendence of an employee in factory RFID is useful.consider a day dated when Siva enters into factory at 10am the RFID reader reads his provided number eg.05 and notes the entering time and then the data which says about his entrance will be displayed on LCD. The displayed information will be send to the receiver through Zigbee. After receiving the information receiver sends it to PC.The PC store the current information in Data Base as shown in the above figure 10. Figure 11. The detailed information of employee and product will be stored in Data Base. Figure 9. The Employee details display on the LED. At the same time this information will be stored along with the previous employee s enter and exit timings and product exit timings.once the data is stored in notepad the data can not be deleted till we delete. Similarly, the time of his departure (exit) will be noted and sended to PC. In this way, the information about some products can also be stored in PC and there will be no chance of loss of products. VI. CONCUSION & FUTURE SCOPE Implementation of ZIGBEE AND RFID USING ARM7 IN WIRELESS MONITORING SYSTEM FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSE is done successfully. The communication is properly done without any interference between different modules in the design. Design is done to meet all the specifications and requirements. Software tools like Keil Uvision Simulator, Proload to dump the source code into the microcontroller, Orcad Lite for the chiefeditor@ijrcct.org Page 311

7 schematic diagram have been used to develop the software code before realizing the hardware. Circuit is implemented in Orcad and implemented on the microcontroller board. The performance has been verified both in software simulator and hardware design. The total circuit is completely verified functionally and is following the application software. It can be concluded that the design implemented in the present work provide portability, flexibility and the data transmission is also done with low power consumption. The future scope of this project is to replace zigbee with ethernet or GSM, so that can implement the above project for large scale industries. So, the power saving is much better than home appliances. REFERENCES [1] R. Vander Togt, et al., Electromagnetic interference from radio frequency identification inducing potentially hazardous incidents in critical care medical equipment, Jama Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 299, pp , Jun [2] B. Hardgrave, et al., Making the business case for RFID, springerverlag berlin, heidelberger platz 3, d berlin, germany, [3] Y. Yousuf, et al., A Survey of RFID Authentication Protocols, IEEE, 345 E 47 TH ST, NEW YORK, NY USA, [9] H.J. Yang, et al., connectionless Indoor Inventory Tracking in ZigBee RFID sensor Network, [10] P.V. Nikitin, et al., Power reflection coefficient analysis for complex impedances in RFID tag design, Ieee Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 53,pp , Sep [11] R. Glidden, et al., Design of ultra-low-cost UHF RFID tags for supply chain applications, Ieee Communications Magazine, Vol. 42, pp , Aug [12] T.K. Nguyen, et al., A low-power CMOS direct conversion receiver with 3-dB NF and 30 khz flickernoise corner for 915 MHz band Ieee ZigBee standard, Vol. 54, [13] Gaoxiang Wang, Wensheng Xu, The RFID Based Instrumented Manufacturing Monitoring Platform, Intelligent Information Technology Application 2010 (Proceedings of 2010 International conference on Intelligent Information Technology Applicaion, Qinhuangdao, China), Vol.II, pp , IEEE,2012 November. [14] Gaoxiang Wang, Wensheng Xu, Mei Wang, The Grid- Computing Based Instrumented Monitoring Platform For Cold Chain Logistics, Logistics Engineering and Intelligent Transportation Systems (Proceedings of 2010 International Conference on Logistics Engineering and Intelligent Transportation System, Wuhan, china), pp , IEEE, 2010 November. [4] A. N. Nambiar, RFID Technology: A Review of its applications, in Wcecs 2009: World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science, Vol. I, S.I.Ao, et al., Eds., 2009, pp [5] F. Gandino, et al., On Improving Automation by Integrating RFID in the Traceability Management of the Agri-Food Sector, Ieee Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 56, pp , Jul [6] L. Ricciardi, et al., Investigation into the future of RFID in biomedical applications, in Bioengineered and Bioinspired Systems. Vol. 5119, A. Rodriguez Vazquez, et al., Eds., 2003, pp [7] G. Vellidis, et al., A real time wireless smart sensor array for scheduling irrigation, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Vol. 61, pp , Apr [8] L. Yang., et al., RFID tag and RF structures on a paper substrate using inkjet printing technology, Ieee Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 55, pp , Dec chiefeditor@ijrcct.org Page 312

RFID BASED SMART TROLLEY FOR SUPERMARKET AUTOMATION

RFID BASED SMART TROLLEY FOR SUPERMARKET AUTOMATION ANJALI PERADATH 1, ANJALI PURUSHOTHAMAN 2, ANJANA GOPINATH 3, ANUSREE K M 4 Mr.NITHIN JOE 5 1,2,3,4 Third year student,dept. of Electronics and Communication