Traceability The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
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1 Traceability The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
2 CITES traceability CITES records and traces trade from country of (re-) exportation to country of importation through: Issuance of appropriate CITES permits or certificates Submission of relevant permit trade data in national annual reports (CITES Trade Database) Identification/verification of transactions and specimens when entering and leaving countries Compulsory marking of certain specimens in trade (e.g. trophies of certain species, ivory, crocodile skins, vicuna wool,..) Collaboration between national CITES Authorities and with relevant agencies and enforcement authorities
3 Framework of CITES traceability CITES uses a system of permits and certificates to regulate international trade in specimens of species listed in one of three Appendices General conditions for trade: 1. Specimens were lawfully obtained: Legality 2. Trade is not be detrimental to the survival of the species: Sustainability 3. Parties maintain records of CITES trade and submit annual trade reports: Traceability 179 Parties 35,000 species
4 Scope of trade being traced Trade = export, import, re-export, introduction from the sea Purpose = commercial, non-commercial Source = wild, ranched, artificially propagated, captive bred Specimens in trade = ranging from live animals and plants to a vast array of products derived from them, including food items, leather goods, clothing, musical instruments, timber, tourist curios, trophies, medicines, etc. 4
5 CITES data One of the few MEAs to produce primary data which offers policy makers a valuable tool to assist with more effective decisions Effective enforcement of the Convention depends largely on control over the issuance, verification and acceptance of CITES documentation, and inspection of shipments The CITES Trade Database holds over 13 million trade records, using information from CITES Permits and Certificates
6 CITES traceability: Caviar 27 species of sturgeons and paddlefish: listed since 1998 Regulation and tracing of international trade in all parts and products via CITES permits: caviar, meat, eggs, live fish, Additional measures for caviar: Universal labelling system for caviar based on non-reusable labels with prescribed details applied to primary containers Affixed by caviar processing plant or repackaging plant Registration by Parties of caviar processing and (re-)packaging plants, incl. aquaculture operations A unique registration code is attributed to each caviar processing or (re-)packaging plant, which is part of mandatory CITES caviar labels
7 CITES traceability: Caviar
8 CoP16 Decisions: Sturgeons and Paddlefish traceability The Secretariat shall, subject to external funding, organize a study to: Provide an overview of molecular, DNA-based and other forensic methods to identify species, populations, origin and differentiating wild from captive-bred/aquaculture Review and evaluate different systems to identify and monitor specimens in trade in consultation with Parties, enforcement agencies, private sector, and others The Animals and Standing Committees to review study and information in 2014 and 2015 Recommendations for Parties or CoP17 (2016)
9 CITES traceability: Queen conch Marine mollusc from the Caribbean Harvested mainly for its meat Listed in CITES Appendix II since 1992 Commercial international trade is allowed and regulated All specimens of the species are covered i.e. live animals, meat, shells, pearls and other parts and derivatives; of wild, ranched, captive bred/aquaculture origin In the Wider Caribbean region, Strombus gigas is the most important species regulated under CITES in terms of volume, value and socio-economic significance
10 CoP16 Decisions: Queen conch traceability 2012: Queen Conch range States agreed to implement an auditable chain of custody procedure: Trace catches from catch location to eventual destination (not just point of landing or export) Enhance catch documentation procedures and CITES permit and certificate system to track entire trade chain Research practical technology to improve traceability of queen conch, including labelling, marking, DNA stock identification, e-permitting, etc. 2013/CoP16: Queen Conch range States should collaborate in exploring ways to enhance the traceability of specimens in international trade, including, but not limited to, catch certificates, labelling systems and the application of genetic techniques; report at CoP17
11 UNCTAD and CITES partnership UNCTAD and CITES Secretariats signed an MoU (2010) to strengthen collaboration Main purpose to: Ensure conservation of species Enhance livelihoods of poor people in remote and marginal areas Promote business opportunities for entrepreneurs that comply with CITES requirements and national legislation Particular focus on economic incentives for sustainable management of CITES Appendix II species and benefit sharing with local communities, including improving traceability and trade chains accountability
12 CITES traceability: looking ahead Parties agree to an increasing number of measures to improve traceability of CITES specimens in trade, including actions concerning: Forensic techniques and developments for sourcing and ageing specimens Ways to improve the performance of CITES information systems (links with WCO Data model, UNCTAD s Automated System for Customs Data, E-CITES Checklist, E- permitting, etc.) Guidance and capacity building on traceability Consumers place higher demands upon producers in ensuring that their products are legally and sustainably sourced
13 CITES traceability: looking ahead CITES collaborates with UNCTAD, ITTO, FAO, ITC, WCO, World Economic Forum, private sector and other stakeholders to: Develop and use modern technologies to more effectively enable legal, sustainable trade Examine entire trade chains, bring in all actors and consider new technologies and expertise for enhanced tracing of certain species in trade Example of way forward: CITES Secretariat, CITES Committees, Parties, UNCTAD, major fashion houses, IUCN, and NGOs exploring systems to: better trace, tag and monitor python skins and products; help ensure legality and sustainability; improve controls; facilitate legal trade.
14 14 CITES traceability: looking ahead CITES information systems can be harmonized with relevant traceability systems The CITES Trade Database can be enhanced for Parties to register additional data relevant to trace systems CITES has experience in harvesting metadata for the provision of indicators or traceable systems In collaboration with partners, CITES can provide solutions
15 Thank you for your attention 15
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