Tubing & Pipe. Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc. Welded, Full Finished. Stainless, Duplex, Nickel Alloys. Reshaping The Future Of Tubing Technology

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1 Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc. Welded, Full Finished Tubing & Pipe Stainless, Duplex, Nickel Alloys Reshaping The Future Of Tubing Technology Janesville, Wisconsin USA

2 Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc. Technical Leadership The Leading U.S. Producer Of Welded, Full Finished Tubing & Pipe Applications Worldwide Oil & Gas Pulp & Paper Chemical/Petrochemical Energy/Power Generation Sugar Plants Marine Pollution Control Heat Exchangers/Evaporators General Industrial Equipment Welded, Full Finished Tubing That Challenges Seamless Rath's exclusive Micro-Weld technology and experience with the most exclusive materials are making it possible to apply welded tubing where seamless and other more expensive tubing choices have traditionally been used. At the heart of this new versatility is Rath's own forming, welding and finishing process which produces tubing with uniform grain structure and physical properties demanded in the high temperatures and corrosive conditions of the process industries. This total quality process has been pioneered by Rath and begins with the finest quality strip materials which are precisely aligned on Rath mills for forming and welding without filler material using laser, automated TIG and plasma methods. To ensure that the weld seam has a homogenous structure on both the ID and OD, the weld bead is cold worked by rolling forge or hammer forging depending on tubing diameter. As a further quality step at the mill, all tubing is fully bright-solution annealed in a reducing atmosphere of hydrogen, sized, straightened eddy current tested, cleaned and cut to length. Nickel alloys are bright-solution annealed off-line. The reducing atmosphere in the bright annealing process results in a very clean tube which is then naturally passivated when exposed to oxygen. Tubing ID Comparison - Photomicrographs 100x Base Metal Foods Dairy Juices, Soda, Water Automotive Paint Lines Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Semiconductor Medical/Laboratory Uniform Weld Rath Welded Alloy C-276 Seamless Alloy C-276 Welded & Drawn Alloy C-276 The Rath weld seam exhibits excellent recrystallization and uniformity in microstructure to offer strength and corrosion resistance comparable to other tube manufacturing processes. Rath Micro-Weld Identification MADE IN USA x Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc. 2 Country of Origin Size

3 Quality Polished surfaces are measured in accordance with ASTM A270 Supplement 2, Rath specifications and ASME/ANSI B46.1, which requires that profilometer measurements be made at 90 degrees to the major polishing pattern. Proven Results In Demanding Services From the highly corrosive environments of chemical process heat exchangers to the ultra purity requirements of pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment, Rath tubing is made to withstand the toughest conditions. WELD WELD WELD Reverse Bend Reverse Flattening Flattening Flange Rath's Metallurgical Test Lab offers a complete range of destructive tests to ensure welded tubing quality which meets or exceeds customer specifications. Leading the way in corrosion testing and research, Rath engineers are continuously developing new forming, welding and finishing procedures to exceed all criteria established by ASTM, ASME, DIN, ECN, ISO and other industry, as well as customer specifications. Test results are also verified by cooperative testing with leading material suppliers as well as independent testing laboratories. Standard ASTM corrosion tests for detecting susceptibility to inter-granular corrosion in various environments (A262), weld decay in hydrochloric acid (A249/S7), detection of detrimental secondary phases (A923, G28 and G48), and susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (G36) are performed on a regular basis to ensure customer satisfaction. In many instances, the Rath weld seam out-performs the strip and base material with lower corrosion rates (mpy), providing an added assurance of quality. Rath technical bulletins are published on important topics such as performance characteristics of alloys and processes, corrosion data, specifications, and related subjects. These bulletins are also posted online for easy access. A full range of corrosion testing procedures is performed by experienced personnel. Personal attention to quality is exemplified by mill operators initials which are stenciled on every tube. Specification Employee Initials AVG TP316/TP316L SA249/A270 BAS HT926 Alloy Heat Number 3

4 Service Fast Quotations and On-Time Delivery Being on the forefront of welded tubing technology also enables Rath Manufacturing Company to bring our customers the advantage of first class service. When you contact us, our sales professionals provide quick answers to your questions about pricing and manufacturing lead times, utilizing our sophisticated information system. This system is continually updated to provide instant access to mill schedules, raw material availability, as well as time projections for testing and other special services that may be called for in customers orders. We also provide support through substantial raw material inventories plus flexibility in plant scheduling. Rath has received the highest ratings from its distributors for on-time service levels achieved on a consistent basis. Get answers 24/7 with helpful information regularly posted online for easy access. We also offer a special online service, Rath s Preferred Link, which allows registered customers to download material test reports as well as check their order status and history. Ordering online is the latest addition to the Preferred Link. Date /02/

5 C O N T E N T S PAGE Manufacturing Process Materials 4 Welding 4 Annealing 5 Eddy Current Testing 5 Packaging 4 Quality Procedures & Testing Inspection 6 Destructive Testing 6 Corrosion Testing 7 Customer Service Information Systems 8 Technical Support 9 Corporate Profile 10 Product Range Alloys 11 Specifications 11 Pipe Sizes & Weights 12 Tubing Sizes & Weights 13 Material Characteristics Chemical Composition 14 Physical Properties 16 Burst Pressures 17 Stress Corrosion Cracking Data 18 Collapsing Pressures 19 High Purity Solutions Purity Service 20 High Purity Service 20 Ultra High Purity Service 21 Paint Lines 21 Glossary of Terms 22

6 Manufacturing Process Every step is important to welded tubing performance. Every step is done better by the Rath process. Exceeding all requirements of ASTM and ASME specifications, Rath engineers continually examine each phase of production, refining the methods and the tolerances which are so important to production of tubing that performs with superior characteristics in every installation. RAW MATERIALS Manufactured to Rath specifications. Closely monitored dimensional tolerances, chemical composition, physical properties and mill finish FORMING Precise strip alignment and roll forming allow: Greater uniformity in weld structure Consistent OD and wall tolerances Excellent concentricity WELDING Three different processes are used on Rath mills, none of which utilizes filler material. Modern Laser Welding offers high productivity along with low distortion. Materials are fused with pinpoint accuracy A more homogenous microstructure is achieved Excellent corrosion resistance Courtesy of the American Welding Society TIG welding, a traditional process, utilizes a gas tungsten arc in a fully automated process providing welded surfaces that are precisely blended on both the ID and OD. Superior cosmetic properties Plasma arc welding offers excellent thick section penetration with smaller heat affected zones for superior welded pipe. WELD BEAD REFINEMENT Two different methods are used by Rath to ensure complete blending of the weld bead with parent material, leading to the highest levels of corrosion resistance for all tubing and pipe grades. Hammer forging technology is used for commercial tubing and pipe sizes. Advantages include uniformity in weld bead dimension and structure for the larger and heavier wall products which are often specified for commercial applications. Bead rolling and related processes, provide smooth surface finishes required by hygienic and high purity applications. Each of these processes cold work the weld bead from both the ID and OD making the weld bead almost undetectable to the human eye. PACKAGING Polished finishes are normally individually poly wrapped and shipped in cardboard boxes (electropolished grades are polyamide patched, capped and sleeved per specification and shipped in wood boxes). Commercial quality tubing is shipped in square or hex bundles in truck load quantities. Triple-wall cardboard or wood boxes are available for smaller quantities. Bar coded labeling ensures proper routing and identification. FINISHING Rath offers a complete range of surface finishes. Mechanical polishing of the ID to 20 µ-in Ra maximum and the OD to 30 µ-in Ra maximum. Electropolishing to 10 µ-in Ra or 15 µ-in Ra maximum with packaging and cleaning in the Rath Class 5 Cleanroom. Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc. 4

7 OFF-LINE BRIGHT ANNEALING In a hydrogen atmosphere, allows Rath to offer a wide range of nickel alloys for use in process industries. Headquartered in a 185,000 square foot facility in Janesville, Wisconsin U.S.A., Rath develops its own technology which includes 16 tubing mills designed and built by Rath employees. Innovations in laser welding, in-line and off-line bright annealing, electropolishing, and other manufacturing processes continually expand the range of product solutions available. BRIGHT ANNEALING (Heat Treating) Temperatures up to 2220 F (1214 C) followed by Rath s rapid quench process ensures proper microstructures and material performance. The reducing atmosphere removes any oxides on the tube. PASSIVATION The clean tube is then naturally passivated when exposed to oxygen. A tenacious film of oxide is formed to protect the tubing. PRECISION SIZING Ensures uniformity in tubing roundness. Maintains tolerances better than ASTM specifications STRAIGHTENING All tubes are straightened at the mill to tolerances better than the standard commercial tolerance of ±0.030 in 3. CUTTING AND INSPECTION Tubing is cut to length at the final stage of mill operations, in lengths up to 80 feet Typical stock random mill length: 20 0 (+1/4 /-0). Mill operators also perform final deburring and inspection on every tube prior to packing. STENCILING Provides material traceability and accountability information for distributors and end users. EDDY CURRENT TESTING Performed in accordance with ASTM E426, is done in-line at the tube mill as well as after off-line annealing. Checks for any possible defects such as cracks or holes in any portion of the tube. All Eddy Current Test Operators are ASNT SNT-TC-1A certified. CLEANING Removes lubricant residues from sizing and straightening operations

8 Rath Quality Policy Statement The employees of Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc. are committed to providing the highest quality products and related services. Rath Quality Procedures & Testing Rath has developed a comprehensive program of quality procedures as well as testing services, many of which are conducted in our Metallurgical Test Lab. Rath internal test criteria typically exceed that of ASTM/ASME. Eddy current testing is standard on all tubing classes. Additional testing may be included for other services as required by specification. Rath Inspection Mill operators audit tube production following a detailed checklist involving eddy current testing, monitoring of process controls plus dimensional and physical inspection criteria. Electropolished tubing is visually examined in the Class 5 Cleanroom. Manufacturing Company, Inc. will meet or exceed the requirements of our customers by continuing to Bore-scoping provides an inside view of the weld seam throughout the length of each tube. Profilometer readings of tubing surfaces are performed on all sanitary tubing classes. See page 20 for further information. seek ways to improve our products, processes Rath Destructive Tests Performed as appropriate per specification and procedures. Tensile Strength Rockwell Hardness Hydrostatic Air Under Water Harley B. Kaplen President and Chief Executive Officer Also conducted in the Rath Metallurgical Test lab: (see page 3 for more information about these procedures.) Reverse bend Flattening Reverse flattening Flange Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc. 6

9 All nickel alloy tubing and pipe is routinely corrosion-tested by Rath as well as other sources, including independent laboratories and strip material suppliers. The following procedures and typical data are merely a sampling of Rath's corrosion testing program which complies with ASTM G-28A and/or A923C. For further information, contact your Rath sales representative. Also visit our website regularly for updated data which may be helpful for your application. Rath Corrosion Testing To monitor homogeneity of Rath's weld seams and to provide a continuing bank of information for tubing specifiers, several test procedures are being applied to an expanding range of tubing and pipe alloys. Resulting data are also supported with photomicrographs. These results generally indicate that when tested to ASTM G28A or G28B, Rath's welded tubing/pipe exhibits corrosion resistance which is equal to or better than the strip base material. Example 1: Alloy C-276 Procedure: ASTM G-28A Boiling ferric sulfate/50% Sulfuric acid. Detection of Susceptibility to Intergranular Corrosion Corrosion Rate (mpy) x Magnification Heat No. Z0670CG 100x Magnification Heat No. Z9499CG Example 1: Duplex 2205 Procedure: A923 Practice C 24 hour exposure in ferric chloride solution at 25 C. Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic Phases 10 Corrosion Rate (mdd) Maximum allowable is 10 mdd x Magnification Heat No x Magnification Heat No. 775P

10 Customer Service Our Customer-Driven Philosophy Means: On-time delivery performance Extensive material inventories to meet customer needs Modern integrated software system for efficiency Fast quotations, often completed right on the phone All backed with the pride and accountability of Rath Employees Using technology to provide continuing improvements in customer service, Rath has always attempted to maximize what can be accomplished with technology, even reinventing if necessary the methods available to keep everyone in touch with customers and the status of their orders. Rath's Integrated Business System is a shining example of that commitment to technology. This new system ties the company's inside functions Quotations, Order Entry, Materials Management, Scheduling and Shipping to a worldwide link of customers as well as Rath management. The benefits include greater flexibility in meeting customer requirements wherever they may originate, with up-to-the-minute reporting of capacities at every level of production. Customers can also check their order status at any time of day or night, using the Rath Preferred Link secure web site that has many other features that customers can use as business tools. Rath Manufacturing Technology Link Web Server Quoting Order Entry Scheduling Production Shipping Realtime Order Tracking ERP Database Server Internet/ Worldwide Web Rath Sales Team Rath has a good track record of being consistent. They're always solid on quality and in their delivery on the dates they promise. Tubing and Pipe Distributor Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc. 8 Rath Worldwide Customer Base

11 Online support is just a click away on where a vast amount of information can be accessed any time of day or night. Product and company news, industry developments, corrosion data and specification literature are regularly updated for easy reference. The site also includes some helpful calculators for bursting and collapsing pressures and other technical information that may be useful when preparing specifications. Registered customers of Rath can utilize a secure website area which is maintained just for them. The Rath Preferred Link enables ordering online, viewing order history as well as checking projected ship dates for current orders. This exclusive area is also a valuable resource for material test reports (MTR's) which are maintained for individual customers. With its simple search engine, the Preferred Link allows customers to display and download reports for printing or forwarding as appropriate. Other useful features are also being planned for future expansion of this popular website tool. We Go To Extra Lengths In Technical Support Widely recognized for the quality of our sales and engineering support, only Rath Manufacturing Company offers so much in the way of on-going technical services. Look to us for the most knowledgeable staff plus technical information in many forms including articles about new alloys and related subjects. We also conduct technical training workshops each year to ensure that our customers are fully informed about Rath quality standards, range of products, specifications, and other factors which are important to meeting customer requirements. Technical Training workshops for distributors and customers are offered at Rath facilities. Conducted by Rath managers and other leading authorities on metallurgy and tubing applications, the curriculum includes sessions on corrosion testing, specifications, industry trends in application of different alloys, and other helpful topics

12 Corporate Profile Established by the Rath family as a stainless steel fabrication shop in Janesville, Wisconsin Production of welded tubing for commercial applications (ASTM A249, ASTM A269) 1975 First production of welded tubing for food and dairy industries (ASTM A270 specification) Off-line annealer added for Nickel Alloy markets Rath Manufacturing Company becomes an operating unit of Dubin & Clark Investment Group 1995 Acquired by Liberty Capital Investment Group 1996 On-site electropolish facility is operational, producing 10 µ-in Ra and 15 µ-in Ra maximum finishes for high purity markets 1997 Laser mills added for increased capacity 1999 Acquired Gibson Tube 2000 Awarded ISO 9001 registration 2003 PED by TUV Certification Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc. 10

13 Product Range ALLOYS UNS NO. WERKSTOFF NR. SPECIFICATIONS* Stainless Steel (Austenitic) 304 S A269, A/SA249, A/SA L S A269, A/SA249, A/SA H S A269, A/SA249, A/SA S A269, A/SA249, A/SA L** S A269, A/SA249, A/SA H S A269, A/SA249, A/SA L S A269, A/SA249, A/SA S S A/SA249, A/SA S S A/SA249, A/SA S A269, A/SA249, A/SA S A269, A/SA249, A/SA312 Duplex Alloys 2205 S31803/S A/SA789, A/SA S A/SA789, A/SA790 7 MO+ S A/SA789, A/SA790 Nickel Alloys 20 N B/SB468, B/SB N B725, B730 C276 N B/SB626, B/SB N B725, B N B/SB516, B/SB N B/SB626, B/SB N B/SB704, B/SB N B/SB626, B/SB , 800H, 800HT N08800, N08810, N B/SB515, B/SB N B/SB704, B/SB L N A269, A/SA249, B/SB674 A/SA312, B/SB673 6-Moly 6-Moly N A269, A/SA249, B/SB674 A/SA312, B/SB673 6-Moly N A/SA249, B/SB676 A/SA312, B/SB675, A269 6-Moly S A/SA249, A269, A270 Super Ferritic 29-4 S A/SA268 XM-27 S A/SA S A/SA268 We know that Rath has the most experience with nickel alloys and other new materials. That's a big advantage on any process involving high corrosion and heat. Process Engineer 11 * Note: The specifications noted include ASTM, ASME, or other applicable authorities and are correct at time of publication. Other specifications may apply for use of these materials in different applications. **Available with electropolished ID s for ultra purity applications. Refer to page 21 for further information about Rath True10 and True15 electropolished tubing series

14 Pipe Sizes Nominal Standard Weight: Pounds Per Foot (Austenitic Stainless Steel) ASTM A530 To determine weights for other alloys, multiply the value shown by the factors in Table A WALL THICKNESS, INCH NPS(in.) OD(in./mm) / (SCH 10) (SCH 40) / (SCH 5) (SCH 10) (SCH 40) / (SCH 5) (SCH 10) (SCH 40) / (SCH 5) (SCH 10) (SCH 40) / (SCH 5) (SCH 10) (SCH 40) (SCH 80) / (SCH 5) (SCH 10) (SCH 40) (SCH 80) / (SCH 5) (SCH 10) (SCH 40) (SCH 80) / (SCH 5) (SCH 10) (SCH 40) / (SCH 5) (SCH 10) (SCH 40) / (SCH 5) (SCH 10) (SCH 40) Stock lengths: 20 or 21 feet depending on alloys. Other lengths available. Weight (lbs./ft) = (D-t)t Where: D = Outside Diameter, inch t = Minimum Wall Thickness, inch Because Rath offers so many diameters and wall thicknesses, we can cover most requirements from one source. Tubing and Pipe Distributor Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc. 12

15 Tube Sizes Nominal Standard Weight: Pounds Per Foot (Austenitic Stainless Steel) ASTM A450 To determine weights for other alloys, multiply the value shown by the factors in Table A. WALL THICKNESS, (in.) (mm) OD (in./mm) GAUGE: / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Stock lengths: 20 feet. Others available. Weight (lbs./ft) = (D-t)t Where: D = Outside Diameter, inch t = Minimum Wall Thickness, inch TABLE A CONVERSION FACTORS TO DETERMINE WEIGHTS FOR OTHER ALLOYS Alloy Weight Factor Alloy Weight Factor L Alloy Mo C

16 Chemical Composition (%) Stainless Steel Tubing: manufactured to ASTM A249/A269, ASTM A270 and ASME SA249 requirements. Pipe: manufactured to ASTM A312 and ASME SA312 requirements. ALLOY L L 317L 309S 310S UNS NO. S30400 S30403 S31600 S31603 S31703 S30908 S31008 Elements Carbon, max. (C) Manganese, max. (Mn) Phosphorous, max. (P) Sulfur, max. (S) Silicon, max. (Si) Nickel (Ni) Chromium (Cr) Molybdenum (Mo) N/A N/A Iron (Fe) Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Titanium (Ti) Columbium (a) (Cb) & Tantalum (Ta) Nitrogen, max. (N) (a) also known as Niobium (Nb) Super Ferritic Tubing and Pipe: manufactured to ASTM A268 and ASME SA268 requirements. ALLOY 29-4 XM UNS NO. S44735 S44627 S44400 Elements Carbon (C) Maganese (Mn) Nickel (Ni) 1.00 Max. (+Cu) 0.5 Max Max. Phosphorus (P) Sulfur (S) Silicon (Si) Chromium (Cr) Molybdenum (Mo) Copper (Cu) N/A 0.2 N/A Nitrogen (N) Titanium (Ti) (+Cb) N/A (+Cb) with 6(C+N) min 4(C+N), 0.80 Max. Colombium (a) (Cb) N/A N/A (a) also known as Niobium (Nb) Nickel Alloys Tubing and Pipe: manufactured to ASTM and ASME Div ALLOY UNS NO. N02200 N04400 Elements Nickel (Ni) 99.0 Min. (a) 63.0 Min. (a) Chromium (Cr) Iron (Fe) 0.40 Max. 2.5 Max. Molybdenum Titanium, max. Aluminum, max. Cobalt, max. Tungsten Vanadium, max. (Mo) (Ti) (Al) (Co) (W) (V) Copper, max. (Cu) Manganese, max. (Mn) Niobium (b)(c) (Nb) Carbon, max. (C) Nitrogen, max. (N) Silicon, max. (Si) Sulfur, max. (S) Phosphorous (P) Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc. 14 (a) Plus Cobalt (b) PlusTantalum (c) also known as Columbium (Cb)

17 Chemical Composition (%) Duplex Alloys Tubing: manufactured to ASTM A789 and ASME SA789 requirements. Pipe: manufactured to ASTM A790 and ASME SA790 requirements L S32100 S34700 NO N/A N/A Bal. Bal. Bal. 5xC xC-1.00 ALLOY MO+ UNS NO. S31803 S32205 S32750 S32950 Elements Carbon, max. (C) Manganese, max. (Mn) Phosphorous, max. (P) Sulfur, max. (S) Silicon, max. (Si) Chromium (Cr) Nickel (Ni) Molybdenum (Mo) Nitrogen (N) Iron (Fe) Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Copper, max. (Cu) N/A N/A 0.5 N/A 0.10 ision I Section II Requirements, as applicable C MOLY 6-MOLY 6-MOLY ALLOY 20 N06600 N06625 N08800 N08825 N10276 N06022 NO6059 N06686 N08926 N08367 S31254 N Min. (a) 58.0 Min. (a) Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal Max Min Min Max. 5.0 Max. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal Max Max Max xC Max

18 Physical Properties Selected Alloys and Commercially Pure Metals Annealed Condition, -20 F to +100 F Elongation Modulus Of Mean Coefficient Of Thermal *Tensile Strength *Yield Strength In 2 Inches Elasticity Density Thermal Expansion B Conductivity UNS ALLOYS (ksi) (Mpa).2% OFFSET (ksi) (MPa) (%) (X10 6 psi) lb/in 3 g/cc (IN./IN./ F x10-6 ) Btu-in/ft 2 -h-f W/m-K Stainless Steel (Austenitic) S (515) 30 (205) S L 70 (485) 25 (170) S S 75 (515) 30 (205) S S 75 (515) 30 (205) S (515) 30 (205) S L 70 (485) 25 (170) (515) 30 (205) S L 75 (515) 30 (205) S (515) 30 (205) S (515) 30 (205) Duplex Alloys S (620) 65 (450) S (620) 70 (485) 25 S (800) 80 (550) S MO+ 100 (690) 70 (480) 20 Super Austenitic & High Nickel Alloys / N (551) 35 (241) N (690) 45 (310) N A (380) A 15 A (105) A 35 A 487 N A (480) A 28 A (195) A 35 A N (550) 35 (240) N (827) 60 (414) N (690) 45 (310) N (520) 30 (205) N (586) 35 (240) N L 71 (490) 31 (215) 35 N Moly 100 (690) 45 (310) N Moly 94 (650) 43 (295) S Moly 94 (650) 44 (300) N10276 C (690) 41 (283) Ferritic & Super Ferritic Alloys S (515) 60 (415) S (415) 40 (275) S44627 Xm (450) 40 (275) General Reference B Cu Titanium * Tensile, Yield Strengths and Elongation Are Minimums A Annealed Condition B F Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc. 16

19 Burst Pressures Theoretical Internal Bursting Pressures (psi) 304 and 316 Stainless Steel Tubing at -20 F to +100 F WALL THICKNESS (in.) OD IN ,800 10,300 11,400 15,000 17,100 21,100 24, ,900 8,000 8,800 11,500 13,000 16,000 18, ,600 6,500 7,200 9,300 10,500 12,800 14,700 17,500 19,900 23,800 28, ,800 5,500 6,100 7,800 8,800 10,700 12,200 14,500 16,400 19,400 23,200 26, ,200 4,800 5,300 6,800 7,600 9,200 10,500 12,400 13,900 16,400 19,500 22, ,200 4,600 5,900 6,700 8,000 9,100 10,800 12,100 14,200 16,800 19, ,800 4,200 5,300 6,000 7,200 8,100 9,500 10,700 12,500 14,800 16, ,400 3,800 4,800 5,400 6,400 7,300 8,600 9,600 11,200 13,200 14, ,100 3,400 4,400 4,900 5,900 6,600 7,800 8,700 10,200 11,900 13, ,900 3,200 4,000 4,500 5,400 6,100 7,100 8,000 9,300 10,800 12, ,700 2,900 3,700 4,200 5,000 5,600 6,600 7,300 8,500 10,000 11, ,300 2,500 3,200 3,600 4,300 4,900 5,700 6,300 7,300 8,600 9, ,200 2,400 3,000 3,400 4,000 4,600 5,300 5,900 6,900 8,000 8, ,000 2,200 2,800 3,200 3,800 4,300 5,000 5,600 6,500 7,500 8, ,800 2,000 2,600 2,900 3,400 3,800 4,500 5,000 5,800 6,700 7, ,400 2,700 3,200 3,600 4,200 4,700 5,500 6,300 7, ,600 3,100 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,200 6,000 6, ,400 2,800 3,200 3,700 4,100 4,700 5,500 6, ,400 2,700 3,100 3,500 4,000 4,600 5, ,100 2,400 2,700 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 Note: ASTM specifications do not include recommended burst pressure requirements. Barlow s formula can be used to predict (conservatively) the bursting pressures of ductile thin wall tubular or cylindrical materials due to ID pressurization. Other calculations are appropriate to predict performance of heavy wall and brittle materials. For further information, contact Rath Customer Service or use the technical reference section of our web site, which also lists minimum strength levels which may be considered for guidance. Barlow s Formula P = 2 x S x T (OD-2xT) x SF Where: P = ID pressure (psi) T = Wall thickness (in) OD = Outside Diameter (in) SF = Safety factor (generally 1 for bursting pressure) S = Material Strength (psi) Ultimate tensile strength or yield strength can be used. Ultimate strength should be used to determine the bursting pressure. Yield can be used for estimating pressures at which permanent deformation begins

20 Stress Corrosion Cracking Data Effects of Nickel on Stress Corrosion Cracking in Susceptible Environments 80 Cr RANGE: % Effect of Nickel content on the stress corrosion cracking threshold stress of various alloys in aerated aqueous 22% NaCl solution at 105 C. Threshold Stress Intensity (K ISCC ), MPa m 1/ L L 904L A286 ALLOY 800H ALLOY 800 ALLOY 600 M.O. Speidel, Metallurgical Transactions A. Vol 12A, p779, 1981 Time to Failure (hours) CRACKING NO CRACKING MINIMUM TIME TO CRACKING Cr 18-20% Nickel Content (wt. %) Nickel Content (wt. %) Room temperature tensile test equipment (60k lb), with state-ofthe-art 5 inch laser extensometer detecting strain to failure. Effect of Nickel content on susceptibility to SCC in a magnesium chloride solution boiling at 154 C. H.R. Copson, Physical Metallurgy of Stress Corrosion Fracture, Interscience, New York, p. 247, ASTM G36 Magnesium Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking Test Results Test Results on Welding TubeCLASS CLASS ALLOY APX. NICKEL 24 HR 500HR 1000HR Ferritic 29-4 < 1.0% Ferritic XM-27 < 0.5% Duplex % Duplex % Austenitic 304L 8.5% Austenitic 316L 10% Austenitic 6% Moly 25% Austenitic C-276 > 50% No Cracking Cracking Found Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc. This is a very aggressive stress corrosion cracking test. In real world environments cracking is quite rare with the 6%-moly alloys. No special efforts were made to control stress in the above tests. Tubes under.065 A.W. with special processing will result in the following: Stainless Steel 304L and 316L will pass 24 hr tests Duplex 2205 will pass 24 hr tests Duplex 2507 will pass 50 hr tests Contact technical service personnel at Rath Manufacturing regarding special requirements. 18

21 Collapsing Pressures Note: ASTM specifications do not include recommended service or collapsing pressure for tubes subject to external pressure. The formulas noted below were developed by R. T. Stewart (Dean of the Mechanical Engineering Department of the University of Pittsburgh). They are considered to be a tool for estimating only. These predictions are reported to be accurate if the tube length between supports is greater than 6 times the diameter. For further information, contact Rath customer service or use the technical reference section of our web site Collapsing Pressure (psi) 1000 OD (inch) Wall Thickness (inch) Stewart's Formula P = 86,670 x T/OD for P > 580 psi P = 50,210,000 x (T/OD) 3 for P < 580 psi Where: P = Theoretical OD Collapsing Pressure (psi) T = Wall Thickness (in) OD = Outside Diameter (in) SF = Safety factor (generally ,1 for collapsing pressure) Our projects vary from the fairly routine to more demanding applications which seem to hit nearly every specification which involves tubing. We rely on Rath to keep us up to date on tubing materials and processes which meet those new standards. Design Engineer

22 High Purity Solutions Offering: A full range of alloys, special finishes, testing and packaging tailored to the exacting demands of food and high purity services. High Purity Service Mechanically Polished Sanitary Tubing to 3A and ASTM A270 Specifications Dairy, Food and Beverage Applications Rath s Sanitary Tubing is available in 1/2" (12.7 mm) to 4" (101.6 mm) OD sizes. Stocked in standard box quantities for same day shipping in both 304L and 316L in 20 ft. (6.1 m) lengths. Tubing surfaces are available bright annealed or mechanically polished ID to 20 µ-in Ra (0.5 µm) maximum and/or OD polished to 30 µ-in Ra (0.8 µm) maximum surface roughness with ends prepared for automatic orbital welding. This tubing is protected in heat sealed poly sleeves to prevent contamination, then packaged in sturdy triple-wall cardboard boxes for optimum protection. Request Technical Bulletin: 3A Sanitary Stainless Steel Tubing High Purity Service Mechanically Polished, ID & OD Cleaned For High Purity Service To BPE Specifications Pharmaceutical, Biotechnology, other High Purity Applications Tubing specifically manufactured to the stringent ASME BPE and ASTM A270 S2 standards in 1-1/2" (38.1 mm) to 4" (101.6 mm) OD, 20 ft. (6.1 m) lengths in 316L. One hundred percent bore-scoped and mechanically polished to 20 µ-in Ra (0.5 µm) ID maximum and 30 µ-in Ra (0.8 µm) OD maximum surface roughness with ends prepared for automatic orbital welding. Standard packaging consists of ID cleaning in a certified Class 100 Cleanroom (Fed 209E) for high purity use utilizing a % pure electronics grade nitrogen purge, plastic capped ends, heat sealed 6-mil poly sleeves and wood boxes for shipment. Request Technical Bulletin: A270-BPE CLEAN C L A S S R O O M Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc. 20 Courtesy of Holland Applied Technologies

23 Ready for automatic orbital welding, end-faced tubing from Rath offers a close tolerance fit. Ultra High Purity Service Rath True10 TM and True15 TM Electropolished Tubing for Sterile Processes Pharmaceutical, Biotechnology, Semiconductor Industries Rath s True10 and True15 tubing is manufactured to ASTM A270 S2 and ASME BPE standards making it ideal for ultra high purity applications. By utilizing Rath s proprietary electropolishing process, ID surface anomalies are minimized, providing an ultra-smooth, corrosion resistant, chromium enriched surface where contaminants can t hide. Electropolished tubing, processed and packaged in a certified Class 100 Cleanroom (Fed 209E), is available in 10 µ-in Ra (0.25 µm) and 15 µ-in Ra (0.4 µm) maximum ID finishes, stocked in 1/2" (12.7 mm) to 4" (101.6 mm) OD, 20 ft. (6.1 m) lengths. Paint Lines Stainless Steel Tubing for Paint Lines Ideal for Automotive and Appliance Finishing Systems Offered in 304L stainless steel, this tubing is prepared to meet the production demands of high volume paint lines. Low in carbon content and hardness, this tubing bends easily to a tight radius, often eliminating the need for elbows in system layouts. Rath paint line tubing is produced in 1/2" (12.7 mm) to 3" (76.2 mm) OD with ID finishes not to exceed 32 µ-in Ra (0.8 µm). All sizes are bright annealed and tested to ASTM A269. Tubes are capped and packaged in sturdy, triple-wall cardboard boxes for optimum protection. Request Technical Bulletin: Stainless Steel Tubing for Paint Lines CLEAN C L A S S Request Technical Bulletins: TRUE10 Electropolished Tubing R O O M TRUE15 Electropolished Tubing Rath Electropolishing Technology Tubing Preparation for Ultra Purity Service Courtesy of Holland Applied Technologies

24 Glossary ASM (American Society for Materials International) A professional society of Material Scientists and Engineers dedicated to the collection and distribution of information about materials and manufacturing processes. ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) An organization of engineers dedicated to the preparation of design code requirements, and material and testing standards. Adopts, sometimes with minor changes, specifications prepared by ASTM. The adopted specifications are those approved for use under the ASME Boiler and Pressure Code and are published by ASME in Section II of the ASME Code. The ASME specifications have the letter S preceding the A or the B, of the ASTM specifications. The SA series are for iron base materials, while the SB series are for other materials such as nickel base, copper, etc. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) A body of industry professionals involved in writing universally accepted steel material and test specifications and standards. The "A" series of material specifications are for iron base materials, while the "B" series are for other materials such as nickel base, copper, etc. Austenite - A non-magnetic metallurgical phase having a facecentered cubic crystalline structure. Except for steel compositions having at least 6% nickel, austenite is typically only present at temperatures above 1333 F (723 C). Austenitic Stainless Steel (300 Series plus some 200) These grades of stainless have chromium (roughly 18% to 30%) and nickel (roughly 6% to 20%) as their major alloying additions. They have excellent ductility and formability, at all temperatures, excellent corrosion resistance and good weldability. Some have the ability to be hardened by cold rolling as a final step. These grades are usually nonmagnetic and are used for applications requiring good general corrosion resistance such as food processing, chemical processing, kitchen utensils, pots and pans, brewery tanks, sinks, wheel covers and hypodermic needles. Bend Test A test for determining relative soundness and ductility of a metal to be formed. The specimen is bent over a specified diameter through a specified angle. In welded tubing the weld is of primary interest. Bright Annealing A heat treat process performed in a carefully controlled furnace atmosphere resulting in a clean, smooth, scale free metal surface. During typical annealing, the heated steel combines with oxygen in the air to form an oxide layer on the steels surface. In bright annealing, the steel is heated in a furnace filled with gases, such as hydrogen or nitrogen, or in a vacuum, to prevent oxide scale formation. The material comes out of the bright anneal furnace with the same surface as it had when it went into the furnace. Deburring Removal of a small ridge of metal formed by upset during a machining or cutting operation. Duplex Stainless Steels Stainless Steels exhibiting both austenitic and ferritic, phases and characteristics. Eddy Current Testing A nondestructive electric test procedure that utilizes fluctuations in magnetic field strength to detect flaws in electrically conductive materials. It is performed on tubular products during fabrication and in final inspection. Product is checked against a known calibration standard for possible defects such as holes, cracks, gouges, etc. on both inside and outside surfaces of the tube. Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc. 22 Electropolishing An electrochemical method of surface finish enhancement in which the metal to be polished is exposed to a suitable electrolyte, typically an acid solution, while carefully controlled current is passed between the object and a cathode. The object to be polished is the anode, and polishing is accomplished through the uniform removal of surface metal that goes into solution. Surface finish roughness of less than 0.000,010-inch (10 micro-inch) is attainable. Ferrite A metallurgical phase of iron having a body-centered cubic crystalline structure. It is soft, magnetic, and less susceptible to certain corrosion cracking than austenite. Ferrite Number A calculated value indicating the relative ability of a particular chemical composition of steel to form ferrite upon solidification from the molten state. The higher the ferrite number the higher the percent of ferrite formed. Several different ferrite number formulas have been developed and should not be interchanged. Ferritic Stainless Steel A magnetic grade of stainless steel having a microstructure consisting of ferrite, including some of the 200 and 400 series stainless steels. Hardness can be increased slightly by cold work, but not by heat treatment. At lower temperatures ductility and formability is significantly less than that of austenitic grades. As the only major alloying element is chromium (10 to 30 per cent depending on specific grade) these steels are relatively inexpensive to produce and are common in automotive exhaust and ornamental applications. Hardness Resistance to deformation or indentation. Materials with little resistance are called soft; and those with high resistance are called hard. Finer grained structures are harder than larger grained structures. Measured in steel by scientific instruments as follows: Brinell machine for sizes over 1/2" in diameter or thickness. Based on measurement of the diameter of the indentation of a standard size ball under a standard applied load. Rockwell machine for sizes under 1/2" in diameter or thickness. Based on a measurement of the depth of penetration of a standard indentor under a standard applied load. B scale for soft materials such as brass, stainless steel (1/8" 100Kg load) T scale for very thin (<0.040" thick) soft materials that normally use the B scale (1/16" 15, 30 or 45 Kg load) C scale for harder materials such as high strength steel, tool steel, duplex stainless steel, martensitic and precipitation hardening stainless steel 150 Kg load) N scale for very thin (<0.040") harder materials that normally use the C scale 15, 30 or 45 Kg load) The interest in hardness is because hardness correlates well with strength; with harder materials being stronger. Heat A lot of steel produced by a furnace with one chemical composition. Steel melting is a batch process and each batch is a heat. Also known as a melt of steel. In austenitic stainless steels a heat is typically about 200,000 pounds of material, and will yield approximately 8 coils of 25,000 pounds each. Nickel base materials are typically melted in heats of 10,000 to 50,000 pounds, yielding 2 to 5 coils of 5,000 to 25,000 pounds each. Heat Number An identifying number assigned to the product of one melting: e.g Huey Test A corrosion test for evaluating intergranular corrosion resistance by boiling in refluxed 65% nitric acid for five consecutive 48- hour periods, each period starting with fresh acid. The weight of metal lost is converted into loss in ipy (inches per year) or ipm (inches per month). ASTM A262 Practice C. Hydrostatic Testing A nondestructive test procedure that checks for holes, cracks or porosity. Tubing is pressurized internally with water to a high pressure, but does not exceed material yield strength. Inside Diameter (I.D.) This refers to the opening in the center of a tube, pipe or coil. Also known as the bore of a tube or pipe.

25 Intergranular Corrosion Corrosion that occurs at the grain boundaries in austenitic stainless steels that have been heated to and held at temperatures between 850 F and 1450 F. Slow cooling through this range can also result in sensitization to intergranular corrosion. Usually caused by precipitation of chrome carbides. ISO (International Organization for Standardization) Prepares specifications. Both Canada and the U.S.A. are ISO members and participate in the ISO specification development. Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion A measure of the incremental change in size of a material experienced when it is subjected to a temperature change. It is measured in inches/inch/ F. This number multiplied by the length of the tubing (in inches) and by the temperature change (in F) indicates how much the tube length will change (in inches). If the temperature decreases, the tube will shrink by a similar amount. Modulus of Elasticity A ratio of stress to strain. Used in engineering calculations to determine rigidity and deflection under load. The higher the number, the more rigid the item will be for a given load. The units are in pounds per square inch (psi). NiDI Abbreviation for the Nickel Development Institute. A group of engineering professionals dedicated to the distribution of information regarding the selection and application of nickel alloyed materials. Orbital Weld A circumferential, full fusion weld used to join together two lengths of tubing. It is usually a GTAW welding process similar in nature to the longitudinal weld seam of a welded tubular product. Oxidation An electro-chemical reaction in which oxygen attacks a metal surface to form a metallic oxide, such as rust or the protective layer on stainless steel. Passivation Modification of a chemically active surface of a metal to a much less reactive state, resulting in improved corrosion resistance. Achieved by naturally occurring oxidation, coating, plating, or painting. Profilometer An instrument that quantitatively measures surface roughness and reports height and/or depth of surface ridges. P.S.I. (Pounds per square inch) A unit of pressure measurement. Recrystallization (1) Formation of a new, strain-free grain structure from that existing in cold worked metal, usually accomplished by heating (solution annealing of austenitic stainless steels). (2) The change from one crystal structure to another, as occurs when heating or cooling through a critical temperature. As in the change of an aswelded dendritic structure to an equi-axed grain structure, similar to that of the parent material. Reflectivity A measure of the optical properties or brightness of a metallic surface expressed in terms of the percentage of the impinging illumination that is reflected back from that surface. Roughness Average (Ra) An expression of measured surface roughness or texture, typically, of a polished or machined metal surface. The arithmetic average value of the departure (peaks and valleys) of a surface profile from the center-line throughout the sampling length, generally expressed in micro-inch (0.000,001-inch) or micro-meter (or micron) ( inch) units. Schedule, Pipe A means of indicating the wall thickness of pipe sizes, as set forth in ASME B36.1 and ASTM A530 and B775. Commonly available pipe schedules are Schedules 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80. The actual wall thickness of a schedule number varies with the nominal pipe size or diameter (e.g.: 1/2" Sch 40 = 0.109" while 2" Sch 40 = 0.154"). A higher number schedule indicates a thicker wall for a particular pipe diameter. (See page 12). Springback The tendency of a material deformed under load to return to its original shape when the load is removed, like a rubber band returning to its unstretched condition when an applied load is released. Springback occurs in the elastic deformation regime, or at loads less than the yield strength of the material. Stainless Steel The broad classification of iron-base alloys (50% minimum iron) containing at least 10% chromium that are known for their excellent corrosion and heat resistance. Other elements are also added to form alloys for special purposes, in addition to the corrosion resistance imparted by the chromium. Some of these elements are: nickel for increased corrosion resistance, ductility and workability; molybdenum for increased corrosion resistance, particularly resistance to pitting, increased creep strength and high temperature strength; columbium and titanium for stabilization; sulfur and selenium for improved machinability. Stress-Corrosion Cracking Catastrophic failure by generally transgranular cracking occurring in stainless steels and other metals. It is caused by combined action of a corrosive environment and stress, often without outward appearance of general corrosion attack. Tensile Strength A short form of ultimate tensile strength. The maximum tensile stress which a material is capable of sustaining. Tensile strength is calculated from the maximum load during the tension test carried to rupture and the original cross section area of the specimen. Tensile Testing A procedure used to determine the load at which a material will begin to plastically deform (the tensile yield strength) and ultimately at which it will break (the ultimate tensile strength). Resulting test values are a ratio of applied load (pounds) to cross-sectional area of the test sample (square inches) and are expressed in units of pounds per square inch (psi) or in metric units of megapascals (MPa). TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) A welding process that uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to provide an electric arc to melt a work piece. Inert gases are used to shield the arc and the weld puddle to prevent oxidation during cooling. Used for heat exchanger, condenser and sanitary tubing. Tubing Dimensions O.D.- outside diameter. I.D.- inside diameter. Wall thickness or gauge. All tube dimensions are specific; pipe dimensions are nominal. Specific - actual measurements in inches. Nominal - theoretical or stated value of a dimension. Ultimate Tensile Strength The stress in pounds per square inch (psi) that causes the material to fracture. Weld Decay Test- A corrosion test developed for the black liquor industries (pulp/paper, sugar refining) to detect susceptibility of stainless steel weldments to attack by boiling hydrochloric acid cleaning solutions. Test results are reported as a ratio of the change in thickness of the weld to the change in thickness of the base material. A ratio of 1.0:1 indicates no difference between weld and base metal. A ratio of 1.25:1 indicates that the weld thickness changed by 25% more than the base material did. Yield Strength The calculated stress value at which a tensile test specimen experiences a plastic change in length with an increase in applied load. The yield strength of a material must be exceeded to achieve a permanent change in shape (i.e. forming or bending). Applied loads of less than the yield strength result in spring back, or the tendency for a material to return to its original shape when the load is removed

26 Specifications Page ASTM ASME Title Title Title A249 SA249 Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, and Condenser Tubes Pressure tubing, also covers welded and drawn tubing. Cold work, annealing and electric NDT required. 304L, 304, 304H, 309S, 310S, 316L, 316, 317L, 317, 321, 347, S31254, N08926, N08904, and others. S1 stress-relieved annealed. S2 minimum wall. S3 air under water testing. S4 Stabilizing Anneal. S6 for A262, practice E. S9 E273, or E213. A262 Detecting Susceptibility to intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels Standard practices (A-F) for detecting sensitization. 304L, 316L, 321, 347, and others. Contact Rath technical representatives for help selecting correct practice/alloy combinations. A269 Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service General Service. No cold work required. Annealing and electric NDT required 304L, 304, 316L, 316, 317, 321, 347, S31254, N08926, N08904, and others. S1 stress-relieved annealed. S2 air Under Water testing. S3 stabilizing heat treatment. S4 A262 practice E. A270 Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Sanitary Tubing Sanitary and high purity service. Annealing and electric NDT required. 304, 304L, S31254, 316, 316L, N08926, and N S1 A262 practice E. S2 pharmaceutical caped, sleeved and boxed. A312 SA312 Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes Austenitic pipe. Annealing required. Hydrostatic or electric NDT testing required. 304L, 304, 304H, 309S, 310S, 316L, 316, 317L, 317, 321, 347, S31254, N08926, N08904, and others. A380 Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Equipment, and Systems Standard practices. Cleaning and tests to determine if cleaning was effective. Free iron tests are useful! Austenitic alloys. A554 Welded Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing. Special shapes, and ornamental applications. No annealing, cold work or electric NDT required. 304, 304L, 309S, 310S, 316, 316L, 317, 321, 347, and others. A632 Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing (Small- Diameter) for General Service Product Under _ Diameter. 304, 304L, 310, 316, 316L, 317, 321 and others. S1 dye penetrant inspection. S2 A262 practice E. Supplement 3 for thermocouple clean. A688 SR688 Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Feedwater Heater Tubes A789 SA789 Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service A790 SA790 Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe Feedwater tubes including U-bent. Duplex tubing general service. Duplex pipe for general service. S1 eddy current inspection, calibration tube with EDM notches. S2 eddy current inspection except for EDM notches on calibration tube. S4 A262 practice E. S31803, S32205, S32750, S32950, and others. S1 air-underwater pressure testing. S31803, S32205, S32750, S32950, and others. A999 General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe General requirements for pipe. All alloys called out in product specifications such as A312. Replaces A530. Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc. 16

27 Specifications Page ASTM ASME Title Title Title A1015 Guide for Videoborescoping of Tubular Products for Sanitary Applications Standardizes techniques and defines some special terminology. A1016 General Requirements for Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Tubes New general specification for A249 and others. Replacing A450. All alloys called out in product specifications such as A249. The use of product specifications such as A249, automatically invoke specified elements of the general specification. Replaces A450. B464 SB464 Welded UNS N08020, N08024, and N08026 Alloy Pipe Pipe product. Alloy 20 and others. S1 A262 practice B or E. B468 SB468 Welded UNS N08020, N08024, and N08026 Alloy Tube B514 SB514 Welded Nickel-Iron-Chromium Alloy Pipe Tube product. Pipe product. Alloy 20 and others. S1 A262 practice B or E. Alloy 800, 800H, and others. B515 SB515 Welded Nickel-Iron-Chromium Alloy Tube Tube product. Alloy 800, 800H, and others. B516 SB516 Welded Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloy Tubes Tube product. Alloy 600 and others. B517 SB517 Welded Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloy Pipe Pipe product. Alloy 600 and others. B619 SB619 Welded Nickel and Nickel-Cobalt Alloy Pipe B626 SB626 Welded Nickel and Nickel-Cobalt Alloy Tube Pipe product. Alloy C276, 622 (N06022), 686, 59 and others. Tube product. Alloy C276, 622 (N06022), 686, 59 and others. B704 SB704 Welded UNS N06625, N06219, and UNS N08825 Alloy Tube Pipe product. Alloy 20 and others. S1 A262 practice B or E. B464 SB464 Welded UNS N08020, N08024, and N08026 Alloy Pipe Tube product. Alloy 625, 825 and others B705 SB705 Welded UNS N06625, N06219, and UNS N08825 Alloy Pipe Pipe product. Alloy 625, 825 and others B725 B730 Welded Nickel (UNS N02200/N02201) and Nickel Copper Alloy (UNS N04400) Pipe Welded Nickel (UNS N02200/N02201) and Nickel Copper Alloy (UNS N04400) Tube. Pipe product. Nickel 200, 201, and alloy 400 Tube product. Nickel 200, 201, and alloy

28 Test Procedures Test Comment Time Alloys AF Type of Test G28 A Intergranular Corrosion Susceptibility Alloy All alloys Std practice Ferric Sulfate Sulfuric Acid dependant B 23%H 2 SO 4, 1.2%HCl, 1%FeCl 3 + 1% CuCl 2 24 hr 622, 59, Std practice 686, 276 G36 Boiling 45% Magnesium Chloride for Stress 48 hr All alloys Std Practice Corrosion Cracking Resistance (SCC) G48 A Ferric Chloride (6% FeCl 3 ) Pitting Test (22 & 50ºC) 72 hr All alloys Std Practice standard B Ferric Chloride (6%) Crevice Corrosion Test (22 & 50ºC) 72 hr All alloys Std Practice standard C Ferric Chloride (6%) Critical Pitting Temperature Test 72 hr All alloys Std Practice standard D Critical Crevice Corrosion Test 72 hr All alloys Std Practice standard A249 S7 Weld Decay 24 hr 304, Non laser Acceptance 316, 317 A262 A Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular 8 hr Acceptance Attack - Oxalic Acid Etch Screening Test & Screening B Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Not for Mo Acceptance Attack Ferric Sulfate containing C Nitric Acid (65%) (Huey Test) 10 days!! 304L, 304L Acceptance never 316L E Copper Copper Sulfate - 24 hr All alloys Acceptance Sulfuric acid (A249 S6) F E with 50% Sulfuric for castings 120 hr All Alloys Acceptance A923 A Sodium Hydroxide Etch Test 2 hr Duplex Acceptance & Screening B Charpy Impact Test, Requires thick wall! 1 week Duplex Acceptance C Ferric Chloride Corrosion test, ph =1 25ºC for hr Duplex Acceptance Green Death 11.9% H 2 SO % HCl + 1% 72 hr High nickel Acceptance FeCl 3 + 1%CuCl 2. pitting alloys Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc. 16

29 Design Issues Y of Corrosion C-276 OXIDIZING Cr Ti SS Nitric, Chromic, Concentrated Sulfuric, Peracetic Acid, Oxidizing Salts Mo 904L SS REDUCING Ni Mo B alloys Nickel Copper-Nickel Hydrochloric, Hydrobromic, Dilute Sulphuric, Phosphoric, Oxalic and Alkaline Salts Carbon Steel

30 Metric Specification Chart Actual Pipe OD Wall NPS ISO DIN BS-OD SMS (in) (mm) (in) (mm) (4200) (11850) (std) (3008) DN 1/ ISO DN DN 3/ DIN DN ISO DN SMSM DN DN ISO DN SMS DN ISO DN SMS DN DIN DN 1 1/ ISO DN DN SMS DN ISO DN SMS DN DN 2 1/ DIN DN SMS DN ISO DN DN ISO DN SMS DN DN Rath Producable Rath Standard Product Size Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc. 16

31 Available Through Service Centers Worldwide For information about sources nearest you, contact us: Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc Foster Avenue Janesville, Wisconsin USA PHONE: PHONE: FAX: Commercial Tube & Pipe FAX: Sanitary & Ultra-Purity Tubing Stainless, Duplex & Nickel Alloy Tubing & Pipe The information contained in this document was correct at time of publication and is subject to change without notice Rath Manufacturing Company, Inc. Form No. PC2001