OPTIMIZATION OF CHEMICAL DOSAGE IN HEAVY METALS PRECIPITATION IN ANAEROBICALLY DIGESTED SLUDGE
|
|
- Tamsin Goodman
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 OPTIMIZATION OF CHEMICAL DOSAGE IN HEAVY METALS PRECIPITATION IN ANAEROBICALLY DIGESTED SLUDGE Marina Maya Marchioretto (*) PhD student (CNPq /98-2) from the Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University. MSc. from the Dept. of Hydraulics and Sanitation, University of São Paulo, campus of São Carlos, Brazil - EESC-USP (1999). Civil Engineer from the EESC-USP (1996). Harry Bruning Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University. Wim H. Rulkens Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University. (*): Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands. Phone: +31 (0) Fax: +31 (0) marina.marchioretto@algemeen.mt.wau.nl. ABSTRACT The metals removal from anaerobically digested sludge was studied by sulfide and hydroxide precipitation (in single and combined ways) followed by filtration in bench scale. Before submitted to precipitation the sludge was aerated and acidified till the value equal to 1, in order to attain the best conditions for metals solubilization. The results showed that the combination of hydroxide and sulfide precipitation before physical separation was capable to promote an efficient removal of heavy metals from anaerobically digested sludge. Applying sodium hydroxide at equal to 4 and 5 with further addition of sodium sulfide at values of 7 and 8, respectively, decreased highly the dosage of the second precipitant, when it was exclusively applied. The best percentages achieved for metals removal were: lead - 100%, chromium %, copper %, and zinc %. Keywords: Anaerobically digested sludge, heavy metals, sulfide precipitation, hydroxide precipitation. INTRODUCTION Activated sludge systems for wastewater treatment produce large amounts of sludge. Normally, this sludge is stabilized by anaerobic digestion and afterwards it is dewatered and disposed in landfills. However the feasibility of adequate sites and the risk of contamination of superficial and subterranean waters are some of the drawbacks of sludge disposal on land. A sustainable management of wastewater sludge, and in particular its beneficial reuse, is a growing practice that has gained public awareness throughout the world. Several attempts have been made to develop regulations that protect public health and the environment. In addition, some of those regulations are under review or improvement to further reduce the risks derived from recycling practices (Jiménez and Spinosa, 2001). The risks of the sludge utilization are mainly related to the presence of pathogens, persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals. Metals concentrations in the sludge vary from one site to another, depending on the contribution of domestic and industrial input into the system. Heavy metals can be tightly bound or incorporated in organic matter, organic mineral aggregates and inorganic particles, bound to carbonates or iron and manganese oxides, among other forms. This means that a mere physical separation of the major fractions of heavy metals would be difficult. Prior to the separation process, a pre-treatment focused on the dissolving heavy metals is necessary. Once solubilized metals can be precipitated and then removed by a physical separation process.
2 According to Tyagi et al., 1988, the solubility of metals is governed primarily by but other factors like redox potential of the sludge and the concentration of metals and ligands (negative ions and uncharged molecules) are also important. The authors state that the solubilization strategy requires optimum adjustment of and redox potential of the sludge in such a way that the chemical equilibria will be shifted in favour of dissolved metallic ion formation. Usually the anaerobic digested sludge contains sulfur or sulfide compounds, which results in formation of weakly soluble compounds, e.g. metal sulfides. Only diminishing the of the anaerobic sludge is not enough to promote a change of metals sulfides to the soluble ions form unless the acidification is preceded by a raise in the sludge redox potential, as observed by Hayes and Theis, The redox potential of anaerobic sludge can be increased either by means of chemical or biological oxidation (bioleaching). Chemical oxidation can be achieved with aeration. This process might be able to promote the oxidation of metal sulfides into soluble metal sulfates. This is followed by the release of metals and sulfuric acid (Maas and Miehlich, 1988). Hydroxide precipitation using lime or caustic is the most commonly used form of chemical precipitation at wastewater treatment plants. The second is sulfide precipitation, which is more advantageous than hydroxide precipitation, once it can reduce hexavalent chromium to the trivalent state under the same process conditions required for metals precipitation, it allows for the precipitation of metals when chelating agents are present and most metals can be removed to extremely low concentrations at a single. Limitations of the process involve the potential hydrogen sulfide gas evolution and the concern for sulfide toxicity. However eliminating sulfide reagent overdose prevents formation of the odor causing hydrogen sulfide (EPA, 1998). Nowadays, a combination of hydroxide and sulfide precipitation for optimal metals removal is being well considered. A common configuration is a two-stage process in which hydroxide precipitation is followed by sulfide precipitation with each stage followed by a separate solids removal step. This will produce the high quality effluent of the sulfide precipitation process while significantly reducing the volume of sludge generated and the consumption of sulfide reagent (EPA, 1998). In this way a promising method to remove heavy metals from anaerobically digested sludge might be comprised by a pretreatment of the sludge based on aeration and acidification by chemical leaching or bioleaching, separation of the suspended solids and the liquid fraction containing the dissolved metals by centrifugation or another separation technique, combined hydroxide and sulfide metals precipitation, and removal of the metals precipitates from the liquid by a physical method, e.g. flotation or membrane filtration. OBJECTIVES This research aims the assessment of metals precipitation in anaerobically digested sludge by sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide and combination of both hydroxide and sulfide precipitations. The optimization of the dosage of the precipitating agents is evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anaerobically digested sludge The sludge applied in this research came from an anaerobic digester of a wastewater treatment plant located in Schijndel, The Netherlands. This plant receives both industrial and domestic contributions and it is based on activated sludge system followed by anaerobic digestion of the primary and secondary sludges. After collected from the anaerobic digestor, the sludge was stored at 4 C when not directly used. In order to evaluate the metals distribution in the solid and liquid parts of the sludge, this material was subjected to centrifugation during 20 minutes at 4000 rpm and the supernatant was analysed in terms of heavy metals. In addition, experiments concerning the physical fractionation of the sludge were performed based on wet-sieving. A vibrating sieving equipment (Retsch Labor-Siebmachine Type VIBRO) was supplied with stainless-steel sieves of hole sizes 5.0,
3 1.0, 0.5, 0.2, 0.09, 0.063, and 0.02 mm. The portion collected in each sieve, as well as the remaining liquid (fraction lower than 0.02 mm) were analysed in terms of heavy metals. Table 1 shows some characteristics of the anaerobic sludge, the metals distribution in the several fractions, the percentage of metals content in the liquid part of the centrifuged sludge (supernatant) and the Dutch Standard for metals disposal on agriculture soils (BOOM), according to the National Environmental Policy Plan concerning the durable use ot the environment (SDU, 1991). According to the table 1, it is possible to observe that in almost all the fractions the amount of metals exceeded the Dutch Standard (BOOM), meaning that the sludge must be treated as a whole, without any previous fractionation. Furthermore, the heavy metals content in the liquid part of the centrifuged sludge (supernatant) is very low, compared to the heavy metals content in the total sludge (TS), leading to the conclusion that as mostly the metals are present in the solid fraction of the sludge, they must be dissolved in the liquid, before removed. TABLE 1. Some characteristics of the anaerobically digested sludge Parameter Dry Matter (DM ) Organic Matter Heavy Metal Content (mg/kg DM) (% DM) Cr Cu Pb Zn Total Sludge (TS) 25 g/l mm 7.0 % TS mm 3.8 % TS mm 5.2 % TS mm 13.3 % TS mm 15.7 % TS mm 26.0 % TS mm 7.0 % TS < 0.02 mm 22.0 % TS BOOM (1991) Supernatant % TS 4.0 % TS 3.0 % TS 4.0 % TS Chemical characterization of the sludge Three sequential chemical extraction (SCE) schemes (Tessier, 1979, Veeken, 1998 and Sims & Kline, 1991) and two modified versions (Tessier and Veeken) were tested in this research, as detailed by Marchioretto et al., Although SCE is still an imperfect method referring to specificity and selectivity, it provides valuable information regarding the behaviour of the metals face to several conditions of temperature,, type of chemical reactions, etc. Table 2 summarizes some remarkable results obtained by the different schemes. It was taken into account only the highest percentages of metals content in each fraction, for the corresponding scheme.
4 TABLE 2. Metals distribution in the anaerobically digested sludge according to SCE schemes Fraction Cr Cu Pb Zn Bound to Fe-Mn oxides 85 % c - reducing agent applied - Bound to inorganic matter and/or 55 % a, b 80 % a, b 60 % a, b inorganic precipitates - chelating agent applied - Incorporated in organic matter and organic mineral aggregates - oxidating agent applied - 65 % c, d, e c, d, e 85 % a Veeken Scheme, b Sims & Kline Scheme, c Tessier Scheme, d Modified Veeken Scheme, e Modified Tessier Scheme. Pretreatment of the sludge In order to achieve the best conditions for metals solubilization, samples of 1 L of the sludge were subjected to previous aeration, followed by acidification and centrifugation. Both aeration and acidification were applied during 24 hours, with continuous shaking (150 rpm), at 20 C. During aeration the air flow rate was 1.5 L/h. Acidification with 5 ml of hydrochloric acid (37 %) was applied to decrease the initial of the sludge from 8 till 1, as described in detail by Marchioretto et al., At the end the bottles were centrifuged at 4000 rpm during 30 minutes and the supernatant was submitted to the precipitation experiments. Table 3 shows the heavy metals content in the centrifuged liquid after aeration and acidification. The sludge was submitted to the pretreatment two times because the precipitation experiments were carried out in different days. According to table 3, the pretreatment conditions are efficient to solubilize mainly lead and zinc. Copper and especially chromium are more difficult. This fact might be due the chemical distribution of the metals in the sludge (see table 2). Mostly copper and chromium are entrapped in organic solids, intensifying the difficulty to be solubilized. Hayes et al., 1980, mentions that in anaerobic sludges copper is likely to form stable complexes with humic acid particles and chromium can be predominant as the trivalent hydroxide (inorganic precipitate). The unlikely observed behaviour of chromium is not easily explained. The authors also suggests that there might occur interferences of several mechanisms of heavy metal immobilization, such as complexation to organic solids, coprecipitation, protective organic entrapment of precipitates and intracellular uptake, exerting some control over metal solubilization in acidified sewage sludges. The results obtained suggest that, still,the pretreatment phase must be optimized, in order to improve chromium solubilization. TABLE 3. Heavy metals content after pretreatment with aeration and acidification followed by centrifugation Cr (mg/l) Cu (mg/l) Pb (mg/l) Zn (mg/l) Total Sludge (TS) Centrifuged Liquid Centrifuged Liquid Precipitation experiments The precipitation experiments were carried out in three phases: hydroxide precipitation with NaOH, sulfide precipitation with Na 2 S and combination of hydroxide and sulfide precipitation. The first two parts were performed with the addition of the precipitating agent based on the values of 5, 7, 9 and 11 with continuous shaking (100 rpm) during 30 minutes. After each experiment the liquid was filtered by paper filter S&S black ribbon (12-25 µm) and two samples were collected and analyzed in terms of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn).
5 The third part of the experiments was accomplished with NaOH addition till the values of 4 and 5 were achieved. After this phase the liquids were filtered, analyzed in terms of heavy metals and submitted to Na 2 S addition in such dose to reach the values of 5, 5.5, 6, 7 and 8. All the experiments were carried out in duplicates following the same procedure for the single precipitation. Heavy metals analysis The heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) were analysed by the Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Method (ICP-MS), which is described in the Standard Methods. After the precipitation experiments samples of 1 ml were dilluted 10 times with HNO M, before the metals analysis. In addition, following the procedure described by Veeken, 1998, two samples of 15 ml of the total sludge were previously digested in the microwave with addition of aqua regia (HCl:HNO 3-3:1) before final dillution for ICP-MS measurement. RESULTS 1) Single precipitation Figure 1 and 2 show the percentage of the remaining metals in the filtered liquids resulted from the precipitation experiments, according to variations. The initial metals content in the pretreated sludge is formerly shown in table 3. According to figure 1, Cu removal is very insignificant for all the values. This might be due to the formation of colloidal copper hydroxides forms, which were not retained by the 12-25µm filter or because the precipitation reaction was very slow. At value equal to 5 zinc removal was low but at higher values it improved. Comparing both figures, it is possible to observe that in general sulfide precipitation is more efficient for all the metals together than hydroxide precipitation. Besides the advantages of sulfide precipitation over hydroxide precipitation when single applied, it is important to notice that high dosages of the precipitating agents must be applied to achieve the suitable. Metals content (%) Pb Cr Cu Zn 100 %: Initial metals concentration Figure 1. Precipitation with NaOH (NaOH (100 %) doses (g/l): =5: 10.7, =7: 11.4, =9: 13.2, =11: 16.4) Figure 2. Precipitation with Na 2 S (Na 2 S (35 %) doses (g/l): =5: 33.3, =7: 53.1, =9: 75.1, =11: 101.4). Pb below detection limit. 2) Combined precipitation Figure 3 and 4 show the percentage of the remaining metals in the filtered liquids resulted from the precipitation experiments, with previous application of NaOH to achieve values of 4 and 5 respectivelly, followed by Na 2 S dosing. These initial values were chosen because according to the Figure 2, sulfide precipitation is already efficient at equal to 5. The initial metals content in the pretreated sludge is presented in table 3.
6 From Figure 3 it is observed that with initial value of 4, the metals are removed at lower with the application of Na 2 S than in the situation shown in figure 4, when a higher NaOH dosage is applied. The more hydroxide precipitation is applied, the more difficult is the removal of the metals by the subsequent sulfide precipitation, especially for copper and zinc. The explanation might be again because of the slowness of the precipitation reactions, associated to the occurrence of colloidal copper hydroxides forms passing through the µm filter. In addtion, it can be seen that when is raised to 4 or 5 by NaOH, it should be increased another 3 -units by Na 2 S to get a better metal removal. The first is better if the objective is to minimize NaOH dose. The second option is more suitable if the main goal is to reduce Na 2 S dosage and increase the value of zinc removal. For the main goal of this research it is appropriate to find a solution that fits to the four metals involved. Comparing the chemical doses required for single sulfide precipitation and the amount of Na 2 S needed for the combined precipitation, in the second case less precipitant is needed to achieve the same metals removal. Metals content (%) Pb Cr Cu Zn 100 %: Initial metals concentration Figure 3. Precipitation with Na 2 S =4 (NaOH (100 %) dose: 10.3 g/l) (Na 2 S (35 %) doses (g/l): =5: 0.12, =5.5: 0.13, =6: 0.14, =7: 0.18, =8: 0.27) Figure 4. Precipitation with Na 2 S =5 (NaOH (100 %) dose: 10.7 g/l) (Na 2 S (35 %) doses (g/l): =5.5: 0.008, =6:, =7: 0.04, =8: 0.16) CONCLUSIONS Anaerobic sludge pretreated with aeration and acidification followed by hydroxide and sulfide precipitation with further physical separation process is a feasible option to remove heavy metals from anaerobically digested sludge. The combination of NaOH ( equal to 4 and 5) and Na 2 S ( equal to 7 and 8 respectively) is able to reduce considerably the dosage of the second precipitant, when it is solely applied. Considering the two best situations, the percentages of metals removal are Pb: 100 %, Cr: 99.9 %, Cu: 99.7 % and Zn: %. RECOMMENDATIONS The remaining amount of sodium in the liquid after the physical separation process, due to the addition of the precipitating agents NaOH and Na 2 S, must be considered. Redirecting the effluent to the beginning of the treatment plant might be one solution, but other alternatives must be evaluated, including the promising application of the biogenic sulfide generation (Gilbert et al. and Tabak et al., 2002) as a substitute to the chemical sulfide. Optimization of the pretreatment of the sludge (aeration and acidification) in order to improve chromium solubilization. Investigation of the physical separation step. The suggested processes are flotation (induced-air flotation and dissolvedair flotation), membrane filtration and sedimentation, which are now under investigation.
7 Aknowledgements - This work was supported by "Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq" (Project n o /98-2), an entity from the Brazilian Government for the Development of Science and Technology. REFERENCES EPA - Environmental Protection Agency (1998). Development Document for the CWT Point Source Category. Chapter 8: Wastewater Treatment Technologies. Gilbert O., Pablo J. de, Cortina J. L. and Ayora C. (2002). Treatment of acid mine drainage by sulphate-reducing bacteria using permeable reactive barriers: from laboratory to full-scale experiments. In: Summer School: The Sulfur Cycle in Environmental Biotechnology: Options for Sulfur and Heavy Metal Removal/Recovery. May 12-17, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Hayes T. D., Jewell W. J. and Kabrick R. M. (1980). In: 34 th Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University. Proceedings. West Lafayette, Indiana Hayes T. D. and Theis T. L. (1978). The distribution of heavy metals in anaerobic digestion. Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, 50(1), Jiménez B. and Spinosa, L. (2001). In: Specialised Conference on Sludge Management: Regulation, Treatment, Utilisation and Disposal. Proceedings - Preface. October 25-27, Acapulco, Mexico. Maas B. and Miehlich G. (1988). Die wirrkung des redoxpotentials auf die zusammnedetzung der porenlösung in hafenschlicks-feldern. Mitt. Dtsch. Bodekunde. Ges., 56, Marchioretto M. M., Bruning H., Loan N. T. P. and Rulkens W. H. (2001). Heavy metals extraction from anaerobically digested sludge. In: Specialised Conference on Sludge Management: Regulation, Treatment, Utilisation and Disposal. Proceedings. October 25-27, Acapulco, Mexico. SDU (1991). Besluit Overige Organische Meststoffen (BOOM). Decree 613:1-45. (In Dutch). Sims J. T. and Kline J. S. (1991). Chemical fractionation and plant uptake of heavy metals in soils amended with cocomposted sewage sludge. J. Environ. Qual., 20, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (1998). 20 th ed. American Public Health Association / American Water Works Association / Water Environment Federation, Washington, DC, USA. Tabak H. T. and Govind R. (2002). Advances in biotreatment of acid mine drainage and biorecovery of metals. In: Summer School: The Sulfur Cycle in Environmental Biotechnology: Options for Sulfur and Heavy Metal Removal/Recovery. May 12-17, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Tessier A., Campbell P. G. C. and Bisson M. (1979). Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Anal. Chem., 51(7), Tyagi R. D., Couillard D. and Tran F. (1988). Heavy metals removal from anaerobically digested sludge by chemical and microbiological methods. Environmental Pollution, 50, Veeken A. (1998). Removal of Heavy Metals from Biowaste. PhD thesis, Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands. 232 pages.
Extraction of certain heavy metals from sewage sludge using different types of acids
S. E. Gaber et al. Biokemistri 795-88/211 $5. +. Vol. 23, No. 1, March 31, 211, pages 41-48. 211 Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology Printed in Nigeria http://www.niseb.org/bkr Also available online
More informationSequential soil washing techniques using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide for remediating arsenic-contaminated soils in abandoned iron-ore mines
Sequential soil washing techniques using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide for remediating arsenic-contaminated soils in abandoned iron-ore mines Min Jang, Jung Sung Hwang, Sang Il Choi Introduction
More informationMILAF: INTEGRAL MANAGEMENT OF ARSENICAL SLUDGE, TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OF BY-PRODUCTS OF ACID WATERS FROM SMELTER PLANTS
MILAF: INTEGRAL MANAGEMENT OF ARSENICAL SLUDGE, TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OF BY-PRODUCTS OF ACID WATERS FROM SMELTER PLANTS ABSTRACT ULRIKE BROSCHEK, CECILIA VIDAL, LUIS BRAVO and GILDA ZUÑIGA Environmental
More informationRecovery of Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr from Plating Sludge by Combined Sulfidation and Oxidation Treatment
Recovery of Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr from Plating Sludge by Combined Sulfidation and Oxidation Treatment D. Kuchar, T. Fukuta, M. Kubota, and H. Matsuda Abstract The selective recovery of heavy metals of Cu,
More informationRecovery of Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr from Plating Sludge by Combined Sulfidation and Oxidation Treatment
Recovery of Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr from Plating Sludge by Combined Sulfidation and Oxidation Treatment D. Kuchar, T. Fukuta, M. Kubota, and H. Matsuda Abstract The selective recovery of heavy metals of Cu,
More informationChemical treatment of acid mine drainage. Anna Gulkova, Water and Environmental Engineering, Aalto University
Chemical treatment of acid mine drainage Anna Gulkova, Water and Environmental Engineering, Aalto University 1 Contents Acid mine drainage formation Problems associated with acid mine drainage Treatment
More informationMINING POLLUTION OF STREAM SEDIMENTS OF THE SMOLNIK STREAM. O. Lintnerová, P. Šottník, S. Šoltés
MINING POLLUTION OF STREAM SEDIMENTS OF THE SMOLNIK STREAM O. Lintnerová, P. Šottník, S. Šoltés Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mlynská dolina G, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia,
More informationChapter 4: Advanced Wastewater Treatment for Phosphorous Removal
ENGI 9605 Advanced Wastewater Treatment Chapter 4: Advanced Wastewater Treatment for Phosphorous Removal Winter 2011 Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science 4.1 Phosphorous in wastewaters 1. Common forms
More informationFEDERICO II SULFATE-REDUCING ANAEROBIC IFBR FOR HEAVY METALS REMOVAL FROM WASTEWATER AT LOW PH. Università degli Studi di Napoli RELATORI:
Università degli Studi di Napoli FEDERICO II SULFATE-REDUCING ANAEROBIC IFBR FOR HEAVY METALS REMOVAL FROM WASTEWATER AT LOW PH RELATORI: prof. ing. Francesco Pirozzi CANDIDATA: Raffaella Maestro prof.
More informationChemical Reduction processes for In Situ Soluble Metals Remediation and Immobilization in Groundwater
Chemical Reduction processes for In Situ Soluble Metals Remediation and Immobilization in Groundwater 2014 RPIC Federal Contaminated Sites National Workshop Ottawa 2014 Prepared by Jean Paré, P. Eng. Chemco
More informationRemoving Heavy Metals from Wastewater
Removing Heavy Metals from Wastewater Engineering Research Center Report David M. Ayres Allen P. Davis Paul M. Gietka August 1994 1 Removing Heavy Metals From Wastewater Introduction This manual provides
More informationPhosphate recovery from sewage sludge in combination with supercritical water oxidation
Phosphate recovery from sewage sludge in combination with supercritical water oxidation Feralco AB, Industrigatan 126, SE-252 32 Helsingborg, Sweden (E-mail: info@feralco.com) Abstract Supercritical Water
More informationB 3. Beyond biorecovery: environmental win-win by Biorefining of metallic wastes into new functional materials
B 3 Beyond biorecovery: environmental win-win by Biorefining of metallic wastes into new functional materials Carmen Falagan Barry Grail Barrie Johnson Bangor Acidophile Research Team B 3 Project Focuses
More informationABSTRACT: Clean sampling and analysis procedures were used to quantify more than 70 inorganic chemical constituents (including 36 priority
ABSTRACT: Clean sampling and analysis procedures were used to quantify more than 70 inorganic chemical constituents (including 36 priority pollutants), organic carbon and phenols, and other characteristics
More informationStudy of different assisting agents for the removal of heavy metals from MSW fly ashes
Study of different assisting agents for the removal of heavy metals from MSW fly ashes C. Ferreiral 2, A. B, Ribeiro3, L. M. 0ttosen2 1Escola Sup. Agrdria de Coimbra, Portugal. 2Dep. of Civil Engineering,
More informationTwo-stage precipitation process of iron and arsenic from acid leaching solutions
Two-stage precipitation process of iron and arsenic from acid leaching solutions N. J. BOLIN, J. E. SUNDKVIST Boliden Mineral AB, SE-936 81 Boliden, SWEDEN Received 20 September 2008; accepted 5 November
More informationA New Technology for. Acid Mine Drainage Treatment
A New Technology for Acid Mine Drainage Treatment J. Ming Zhuang, Tony Walsh NORAM Engineering and Constructors Ltd. NORAM Engineering & Constructors Ltd. Specializes in the development and commercialization
More informationSemi-Passive Bioreactors and RCTS Lime Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage
Semi-Passive Bioreactors and RCTS Lime Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage Timothy K. Tsukamoto, Ph.D. TKT Consulting, LLC TKTtim@gmail.com Bridging the Gap Between Passive and Active PASSIVE ACTIVE Limestone
More informationDrinking Water Supply and
Drinking Water Supply and Health Engineered Water Systems Water and Health 80% of sickness in the world is caused by inadequate water supply or sanitation 40% of the world population does not have access
More informationWastewater treatment objecives
Wastewater treatment objecives Removal of suspended and floatable materials Degradation of biodegradable organics Removal of nutrients Elimination of priority pollutants Elimination of pathogenic organisms
More informationHeavy Metals Removal
Heavy Metals Removal Enhancing the Co-Precipitation Process for Heavy Metal Industrial Waste Treatment By Daniel Christodoss Ph.D., Stephen A. Veale, and Terry L. Bires Science Applications International
More informationIndustrial Waste Water Treatment. Unit 5
Industrial Waste Water Treatment Unit 5 Outline Levels of treatment methods 1 Biological wastewater treatment Caste study Heavy metals Biological wastewater treatment Treatment Methods employed Biological
More informationBottom Ash Data Week 45
Bottom Ash Data 2018 Week 45 The following analytical report was sent to the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy on November 21, 2018. The data represents bottom ash composite results for
More informationBottom Ash Data Week 52
Bottom Ash Data 2018 Week 52 The following analytical report was sent to the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy on January 10, 2019. The data represents bottom ash composite results for
More informationBottom Ash Data Week 47
Bottom Ash Data 2018 Week 47 The following analytical report was sent to the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy on December 6, 2018. The data represents bottom ash composite results for
More informationCeraMem. Ceramic Membrane Technology. Advanced Heavy Metals Removal System WATER TECHNOLOGIES
CeraMem Ceramic Membrane Technology Advanced Heavy Metals Removal System WATER TECHNOLOGIES Key System Features CeraMem UF membranes act as an absolute barrier to oils, suspended solids, and precipitated
More informationSelenium Removal. Caroline Dale
Selenium Removal Caroline Dale > Selenium in the Environment 2 Environmental Concerns olisted as a Priority Toxic Pollutant ono Human Health Based Criteria Available ou.s. EPA regulates selenium in WW
More informationKashi Banerjee Ph.D.; P.E.; BCEE. Moon Township, PA Andrea Laybauer
Metals Precipitation Kashi Banerjee Ph.D.; P.E.; BCEE Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Moon Township, PA 15108 Andrea Laybauer Introduction Metals in Mining Wastes Type of Mines and Ore Characteristics
More informationSimultaneous Removal of Heavy Metals from Surface Water by Physico-chemical Treatment Process
J. P. CHOUDHURY et al., Simultaneous Removal of Heavy Metals from Surface, Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q. 18 (3) 295302 (04) 295 Simultaneous Removal of Heavy Metals from Surface Water by Physico-chemical Treatment
More informationClasses of Pollutant (Metals) Aquatic Ecotoxicology Arkansas State University, Farris
Classes of Pollutant (Metals) Aquatic Ecotoxicology Arkansas State University, Farris Public Awareness Manufacture and use lead to releases They re mined, not grown Potential for adverse effects has lead
More informationEconomical Approach to Treatment of Soluble and Particulate As, Cu, Zn, and Cr in Stormwater Runoff to Meet BCWQGs AW
Economical Approach to Treatment of Soluble and Particulate As, Cu, Zn, and Cr in Stormwater Runoff to Meet BCWQGs AW Presented by Elena Ranyuk, PhD MBA October 12, 2017 RemTech 2017 Banff, AB 1 Overview
More informationInternational Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 4, No 5, 2015,
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 4, No 5, 2015, 1330 1335 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) TREATABILITY STUDY METHODOLOGY & APPLICATION Ms. Seema A. Nihalani Head and
More informationUnit Treatment Processes in Water and Wastewater Engineering
Unit Treatment Processes in Water and Wastewater Engineering T J Casey AQUAVARRA RESEARCH LIMITED 22A Brookfield Avenue Blackrock Co. Dublin. October 2006 Author s Note Water and wastewater treatment technology
More informationSULFURATION TREATMENT OF ELECTROPLATING WASTEWATER FOR SELECTIVE RECOVERY OF COPPER, ZINC AND NICKEL RESOURCE
Global NEST Journal, Vol 8, No 2, pp 131-136, 20 Copyright 20 Global NEST Printed in Greece. All rights reserved SULFURATION TREATMENT OF ELECTROPLATING WASTEWATER FOR SELECTIVE RECOVERY OF COPPER, ZINC
More informationBioremediation Technologies In Mining
Lecture 39 Bioremediation Technologies In Mining Keywords: Active Remediation, Passive Remediation, Sulfate Reducing Bacteria Passive AMD treatment options [245-246] Aerobic wetlands Anaerobic wetlands
More informationEffluent Treatment Experience with Proprietary Organosulfide Reagents
Effluent Treatment Experience with Proprietary Organosulfide Reagents December 4, 2014 Presentation Overview Context: BATEA Study Proprietary Organosulfide Reagents What are they? How do they work? Why
More information9. Cadmium, Cd (atomic no. 48)
9. Cadmium, Cd (atomic no. 48) - Cd is comparatively rare in the environment - Median concentrations of Cd in soils and sediments range from about 0.04 to 1.8 mg/kg. - Cadmium concentrations are elevated
More informationMURDOCH RESEARCH REPOSITORY.
MURDOCH RESEARCH REPOSITORY http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au This is the author's final version of the work, as accepted for publication following peer review but without the publisher's layout
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF TEXTILE WASTEWATER
CHARACTERIZATION OF TEXTILE WASTEWATER 137 Jr. of Industrial Pollution Control 20 (1) (2004) pp. 137-144 Enviromedia Printed in India. All rights reserved CHARACTERIZATION OF TEXTILE WASTEWATER J. Hussain,
More informationDetermination of the Priority Pollutant Metals Regulations and Methodology
Determination of the Priority Pollutant Metals Regulations and Methodology Application Note Atomic Absorption Author Lucinda M. Voth Introduction With the realization that industrial man introduces potentially
More informationCE 370. Wastewater Characteristics. Quality. Wastewater Quality. The degree of treatment depends on: Impurities come from:
CE 37 Wastewater Characteristics Quality Wastewater Quality The degree of treatment depends on: Influent characteristics Effluent characteristics Impurities come from: Domestic activities Industrial activities
More informationLime Sludge Management An Update on Technologies
BC Metal Leaching/ARD Workshop Vancouver, British Columbia Lime Sludge Management An Update on Technologies Janice Zinck December 2, 2003 Overview Introduction Sludge characteristics Issues Sludge Disposal
More informationIndustrial Solutions
Industrial Solutions The Value of Water Water is becoming an increasingly valuable commodity worldwide. While drinking water has the highest value, industry, agriculture, food processing and residential
More informationKirill Ukhanov, GE Water & Process Technologies, Russia, describes how advanced membrane technology is helping a Russian refinery to meet stringent
Kirill Ukhanov, GE Water & Process Technologies, Russia, describes how advanced membrane technology is helping a Russian refinery to meet stringent wastewater requirements. In Russia, there are strict
More informationTechnical Note Electroplating wastewater treatment through chemical precipitation and electrodialysis
The European Journal of Mineral Processing and Environmental Protection Technical Note Electroplating wastewater treatment through chemical precipitation and electrodialysis C. Peng 1, 2, S. Song 1, *,
More informationA Review of the Current State of Knowledge on Phosphorus Removal
A Review of the Current State of Knowledge on Phosphorus Removal Sam Jeyanayagam, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE Senior Associate Malcolm Pirnie sjeyanayagam@pirnie.com Phone: (614) 430-2611 OWEA Conference 16 June
More informationAcid Mine Water Reclamation using the ABC Process. Abstract. Introduction
1 Acid Mine Water Reclamation using the ABC Process M de Beer 1, J. P Maree 2, J. Wilsenach 1, S Motaung 1, L Bologo 1, V Radebe 1 1 Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P O Box 395, Pretoria,
More informationMeeting SB1 Requirements and TP Removal Fundamentals
Meeting SB1 Requirements and TP Removal Fundamentals June 5, 2017 Agenda SB1 requirements for P TP removal mechanisms Biological removal Chemical removal SB No. 1 Requirements for Phosphorus ** WWTP /
More informationLecture 1: Introduction
Islamic University of Gaza Environmental Engineering Department Water Treatment EENV 4331 Lecture 1: Introduction Dr. Fahid Rabah 1 1.1 Water Cycle and Water Resources 2 1.2 Water Distribution on Earth
More informationThe Release of Base Metals During Acidic Leaching of Fly Ash
The Release of Base Metals During Acidic Leaching of Fly Ash George Kazonich and Ann G. Kim U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Technology Center P.O. Box 19 Pittsburgh, PA 153 ABSTRACT Since 199,
More informationSucceed at Removing Metals and Other Contaminants from Water
Succeed at Removing Metals and Other Contaminants from Water The MAR Systems Vision Cleaner Water to Benefit the World s Present and Future Generations What We Do Manufacturer of comprehensive adsorbent
More informationTEXTILE INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENT. W.J.K.Dushyanthi Ranpatige Research Officer Industrial Technology Institute
TEXTILE INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENT W.J.K.Dushyanthi Ranpatige Research Officer Industrial Technology Institute The textile industry One of the major contributors to many Asian economies and one of the main
More informationTreatability of Organic and Radioactive Emerging Contaminants in Stormwater Runoff
Treatability of Organic and Radioactive Emerging Contaminants in Stormwater Runoff Robert Pitt, Ph.D., P.E., D.WRE, BCEE, University of Alabama Shirley Clark, Ph.D., P.E., D.WRE, Penn State - Harrisburg
More informationMetal Toxicity In Leaching Bacteria
Lecture 8 Metal Toxicity In Leaching Bacteria Keywords: Metal Toxicity, At.ferrooxidans, Adaptation Bioleaching in the presence of At.ferrooxidans generates toxic metal ions which could act as poisons
More informationEFFECT OF ALUMINIUM SULPHATE AGING ON COAGULATION PROCESS FOR THE PRUT RIVER WATER TREATMENT
Chemistry Journal of Moldova. General, Industrial and Ecological Chemistry. 16, 11(1), 27-32 EFFECT OF ALUMINIUM SULPHATE AGING ON COAGULATION PROCESS FOHE PRUT RIVER WATEREATMENT Larisa Postolachi *,
More informationElectrocoagulation. Achieving clean, clear, treated and reusable water: The process, technology and benefits. CALL US (631)
Electrocoagulation Achieving clean, clear, treated and reusable water: The process, technology and benefits. WWW.AWWTCORP.COM CALL US (631) 213-1324 SEWAGE WASTE Clean water is vital to virtually all living
More informationWater Treatment Plant Design at the Idaho Cobalt Project
Water Treatment Plant Design at the Idaho Cobalt Project Mine Design, Operations & Closure Conference May 2010 Mark Reinsel, Ph.D., P.E. Apex Engineering, PLLC Craig Henrikson, P.E., CSP Presentation Outline
More informationLEACHING CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLIDIFIED DREDGED MARINE SOILS
LEACHING CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLIDIFIED DREDGED MARINE SOILS Amira Azhar 1, Chee-Ming Chan 2 and Ahmad Tarmizi Abdul Karim 1 1 Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn
More informationCONVERSION OF SLUDGE FROM A WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT TO A FERTILIZER
Int. International J. of GEOMATE, Journal of Month, GEOMATE, Year, Vol.00, July, 2016, No.00 Vol. (Sl. 11, No. Issue 00), 23, pp. pp. 00-00 2194-2199 Geotec., Const. Mat. and & Env., ISSN:2186-2982(P),
More informationDepartment of Soil Science, P.O. Box 84, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
Scientific registration n : 120 Symposium n : 25 Presentation : oral Assessment of heavy metal contamination of soils using sequential fractionations Evaluation de la contamination des sols par les métaux
More informationWastewater Treatment clarifier
Wastewater Treatment Pretreatment During pretreatment, items would normally be removed that would hinder the further processes of treatment. Items commonly removed include roots, rags, cans, or other large
More informationPOREX Tubular Membrane Filter Modules For Metal Contaminated Wastewater Treatment & Reclamation
POREX Tubular Membrane Filter Modules For Metal Contaminated Wastewater Treatment & Reclamation Background Industrial processes can often result in waste water contaminated with heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Zn,
More informationPollutant Associations with Particulates in Stormwater
World Water & Environmental Resources Contress, ASCE/EWRI Anchorage, Alaska, May 15 19, 2005 Pollutant Associations with Particulates in Stormwater R. Morquecho 1, R. Pitt 2 and S.E. Clark 3 1 University
More informationMine Reclamation Using Biosolids
August 2001 Prepared by Nathan Jenness University of Arizona for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Technology Innovation Office Washington, DC www.epa.gov
More informationBIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN REDUCING THIS TOXIC ELEMENT TO SAFE LEVELS
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN REDUCING THIS TOXIC ELEMENT TO SAFE LEVELS BY Patrick Hirl, PE, Ph.D., Bryce Jones AND Sean O Mara Selenium is a naturally occurring trace mineral that,
More information8.1 Introduction 8.2 Summary 8.3 Conclusion. Contents
Summary and Conclusion Contents Chapter 8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Summary 8.3 Conclusion 8.1 Introduction In landfills without liners between the waste and the underlying geology or
More informationPrecipitation of heavy metals by lime mud waste of pulp and paper mill
ORIGINAL ARTICLE lime mud waste of pulp and paper mill Wanpen Wirojanagud 1, Netnapid Tantemsapya 2, and Puek Tantriratna 3 Abstract Wirojanagud, W., Tantemsapya, N., and Tantriratna, P. Songklanakarin
More informationPHYSICOCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF DAIRY PLANT WASTEWATER USING FERROUS SULFATE AND FERRIC CHLORIDE COAGULANTS
International Journal of Basic and Applied Chemical Sciences ISSN: 2277-273 (Online) PHYSICOCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF DAIRY PLANT WASTEWATER USING FERROUS SULFATE AND FERRIC CHLORIDE COAGULANTS *Yogesh M.
More informationCOPPER PRECIPITATION AND CYANIDE RECOVERY PILOT TESTING FOR THE NEWMONT YANACOCHA PROJECT
COPPER PRECIPITATION AND CYANIDE RECOVERY PILOT TESTING FOR THE NEWMONT YANACOCHA PROJECT Michael Botz, Elbow Creek Engineering, Billings, MT Sevket Acar, Newmont Mining Corporation, Englewood, CO Introduction
More informationLand application of phosphorus-laden sludge: a feasibility analysis
Journal of Environmental Management (2002) 64, 171 177 doi:10.1006/jema.2001.0520, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Land application of phosphorus-laden sludge: a feasibility analysis
More informationREMOVAL OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS FROM POLLUTED WATER WITH SAND FILTRATION TECHNIQUE
The 2013 University of Oklahoma International WaTER Conference REMOVAL OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS FROM POLLUTED WATER WITH SAND FILTRATION TECHNIQUE G.K.Khadse, A.Kumar and P.K.Labhasetwar CSIR-National
More informationTHE EFFECT OF NATURAL DYE EFFLUENT ON THE ENVIRONMENT ABSTRACT
THE EFFECT OF NATURAL DYE EFFLUENT ON THE ENVIRONMENT P.M. Chan, C.W.M. Yuen and K.W.Yeung Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University ABSTRACT The performance of waste-extracted
More informationWastewater Treatment of high total dissolved solids and acidity in Cerro de Pasco mining wastewater
Wastewater Treatment of high total dissolved solids and acidity in Cerro de Pasco mining wastewater Presented by Melissa Rhodes Golder Associates, Inc. Presentation Outline Project Overview Influent Design
More informationLAND DISPOSAL AND AGRICULTURAL REUSE OF SEWAGE SLUDGE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE CURRENT SOUTH AFRICAN GUIDELINES
Presented at WISA 2000 Biennial Conference, Sun City, South Africa, 28 May 1 June 2000 LAND DISPOSAL AND AGRICULTURAL REUSE OF SEWAGE SLUDGE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE CURRENT SOUTH AFRICAN GUIDELINES
More informationMETALS REDUCTION IN WASTEWATERS FROM PIGMENT INK PRINTING OPERATIONS
METALS REDUCTION IN WASTEWATERS FROM PIGMENT INK PRINTING OPERATIONS Tracy A. Nickelsburg, E.I.T., Earth Tech, Inc. W. Gilbert O Neal, Ph.D., P.E., Earth Tech, Inc. Introduction A corrugated container
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT
PROCESS FOR RECOVERY CHROMIUM FROM ELECTROCHEMICAL MACHINING WASTE BY ACID LEACHING AND CHEMICAL PRECIPTATION Asst. Prof Dr. Saad K. Shather *, Dr. Hijran Z. Toama *, Shahad W. Hamed * * Dept. of Production
More informationEvaluation of Conventional Activated Sludge Compared to Membrane Bioreactors
Evaluation of Conventional Activated Sludge Compared to Membrane Bioreactors Short Course on Membrane Bioreactors 3/22/06 R. Shane Trussell, Ph.D., P.E. shane@trusselltech.com Outline Introduction Process
More informationChemical Oxygen Demand- Acid Waste Disposal and Recovery of Mercuric Sulphate to minimise the test impact on our environment. Murendeni Stewart Mafumo
Chemical Oxygen Demand- Acid Waste Disposal and Recovery of Mercuric Sulphate to minimise the test impact on our environment Murendeni Stewart Mafumo Johannesburg Water No. 75 4 th Street, Houghton, Johannesburg,
More informationTo hold a large reserve of metal ions in the soluble form.
I 1. I + 3 ' z CHROME REDUCTION AND REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS IN THE PRESENCE OF CHELATING AGENTS In the electroplating industry the use of electroless solutions has increased tremendously over the past
More informationKEYWORDS: Adsorption, Chromium(VI), COD, Tannery Effluent, Banyan Sawdust.
IJESRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY REMOVAL OF POLLUTION LOAD FROM TANNERY EFFLUENT BY USING BANYAN SAWDUST (FICUS BENGALENSIS) AS AN ADSORBENT Pushpendra Kushwaha1*,
More informationProcess water quality factors
CHEM-E6125 Environmental Management in Industry Water management in industry Quality and treatment of raw and process water prof. O. Dahl Learning objectives: 1. Understand why natural waters need treatment
More informationKirk Barrett, PhD, PE, Manhattan College Dibyendu Sarkar, PhD, PG, Stevens Institute of Technology Yang Deng, PhD, PE, Montclair State University
Kirk Barrett, PhD, PE, Manhattan College Dibyendu Sarkar, PhD, PG, Stevens Institute of Technology Yang Deng, PhD, PE, Montclair State University Urban runoff pollutants (TSS, metals, nutrients, pathogens,
More informationRemoval of heavy metals from electroplating wastewater by membrane
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Removal of heavy metals from electroplating wastewater by membrane Galaya Srisuwan 1, and Poonpetch Thongchai 2 Abstract Removal of heavy metals from electroplating wastewater by membrane
More informationPOREX Tubular Membrane Filter (TMF ) Applied in Copper/Nickel Wastewater Treatment System for an Electroplating Industry Park
POREX Tubular Membrane Filter (TMF ) Applied in Copper/Nickel Wastewater Treatment System for an Electroplating Industry Park Abstract Introduction Plating is a widely used process across many industries
More informationPassive treatment of mine drainage: Options, challenges, and possible future developments
Passive treatment of mine drainage: Options, challenges, and possible future developments Adam P Jarvis Newcastle University, UK Definitions Active Treatment is the improvement of water quality by methods
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Iron-Anode Enhanced Sand Filter for Arsenic Removal from Tube Well Water Shiwei Xie, Songhu Yuan, *, Peng Liao, Man Tong,, Yiqun Gan,, Yanxin Wang, State Key Lab of Biogeology and
More informationInvestigations of leachability characteristics of metal contaminants from plating and galvanising solid wastes by TCLP
ndian Journal of Chemical Technology- Vol. 4, November 1997, pp. 298-302 nvestigations of leachability characteristics of metal contaminants from plating and galvanising solid wastes by TCLP B Singh",
More informationApplication of the AGF (Anoxic Gas Flotation) Process
Application of the AGF (Anoxic Gas Flotation) Process Dennis A. Burke Environmental Energy Company, 6007 Hill Road NE, Olympia, WA 98516 USA (E-mail: dennis@makingenergy.com http//www.makingenergy.com)
More informationNew Methods of Textile waste water treatment. Leture 37
New Methods of Textile waste water treatment Leture 37 Traditional method of Treatment A treatability study of textile wastewater by traditional method using coagulation by adding polyelectrolytes ((1
More informationSubject Index. See for options on how to legitimately share published articles.
INDEX 279 Subject Index Downloaded via 148.251.232.83 on December 24, 2018 at 05:54:08 (UTC). See https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published articles. Acid-base
More informationRemoval. and Reuse of Metal Sulfides from Water Using a Fixed- Water Workshop WATER QUALITY - Seite 1. Bryniok, 0
Contaminated Sediments an Ecological Bomb Removal and Reuse of Metal Sulfides from Water Using a Fixed- Loop bed Anaerobic Bioreactor Dr. Werner Sternad and Dr. Dieter Bryniok Water Workshop WATER QUALITY
More informationApproaches to Treatment of Very High Acidity Wastewater
Approaches to Treatment of Very High Acidity Wastewater AIChE International Society for Water Solutions Industrial Water Use and Reuse Workshop Strategies for Sustainable Water Management for Mining Kevin
More informationAD26 Systems for Iron, Manganese, Sulfide and Arsenic Removal
AD26 Systems for Iron, Manganese, Sulfide and Arsenic Removal Technical Bulletin 2004-02 rev0707 Q: What is the AdEdge AD26 System? A: The AD26 system is a pre-engineered, packaged treatment system specifically
More informationKeywords anaerobic reactor effluent; dissolved-air flotation; domestic sewage; phosphorus removal; post-treatment; flocculation
Influence of flocculation conditions in the performance of an experimental domestic sewage treatment plant consisting of an anaerobic expanded bed reactor followed by dissolved air flotation R. G. Penetra;
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF A SIMPLE SCHEME TO DETERMINE THE CHEMICAL TOXICITY OF MINE WASTES 1
DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMPLE SCHEME TO DETERMINE THE CHEMICAL TOXICITY OF MINE WASTES 1 T. R. Wildeman, J. F. Ranville, J. Herron, and R. H. Robinson 2 Abstract. A decision tree that uses simple physical and
More informationGRAVIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF SULFATE IN AN UNKNOWN SOLUTION
GRAVIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF SULFATE IN AN UNKNOWN SOLUTION AIM The main objective of this experiment is to determine the concentration of sulfate ion in an unknown solution by using gravimetry. INTRODUCTION
More informationEffect of Key Parameters on the Selective Acid Leach of Nickel from Mixed Nickel-Cobalt Hydroxide Kelly Byrne, William Hawker, James Vaughan*
Effect of Key Parameters on the Selective Acid Leach of Nickel from Mixed Nickel-Cobalt Hydroxide Kelly Byrne, William Hawker, James Vaughan* The University of Queensland, School of Chemical Engineering
More informationHYDROGEOCHEMISTRY AND TREATMENT OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE IN SOUTHERN CHINA' by Guo Fang2 and Yu Hong 2
HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY AND TREATMENT OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE IN SOUTHERN CHINA' by Guo Fang2 and Yu Hong 2 Abstract. Coal mines and various sulfide ore deposits are widely distributed in Southern China. Acid
More informationLocked Cycle Leaching Test and Yellowcake Precipitation
Locked Cycle Leaching Test and Yellowcake Precipitation In 2013, the Saskatchewan Research Council ( SRC ) in Saskatoon, SK, Canada commenced locked cycle alkaline leach testing on drill core samples from
More information