Weldability and Liquation Cracking Characteristics on Resistance-Spot-Welded High-Mn Austenitic Steel
|
|
- Daisy Shannon Bryant
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Weldability and Liquation Cracking Characteristics on Resistance-Spot-Welded High-Mn Austenitic Steel Dulal Chandra Saha,Yeong-Do Park Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan , South Korea Phone: (D.C. Saha) Phone: (Y. D. Park) Abstract This paper describes the main issues associated with resistance spot welding (RSW) for high-mn austenitic twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels. Owing to rich chemistry which leads to complicated microstructure, and void formation in fusion zone (FZ) and eventually prone to early expulsion. Therefore, a dedication should be given to modify welding schedules. In this paper, a double pulse optimized schedules are adopted to maximize the weld lobe by improving the nugget sizes and suppressing expulsion. A double pulse schedule is optimized and comparisons are made with single pulse and three pulse ISO conditions. It is found that the nugget sizes are increased at about 15% which enlarged the tensile test failure load as well. Cross-tensile test (CTT) failure characteristics are observed in the sequences of: strain localization of both sheets, crack initiation at notch tip, crack followed fusion boundary, and finally ductile shear fracture along thickness direction. The welding imperfections are investigated using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is already confirmed that resistance-spot-welded high-mn steels have high susceptibility to heat-affected zone (HAZ) liquation crack; cracks are appeared in the HAZ when weld current is above 5.0 ka. Among the other factors, welding current is identified most influencing factors in liquation crack formation. This paper brought further information associated with crack formation. Keywords High-Mn austenitic steels; Resistance spot welding; Weldability; Optimization; HAZ liquation crack. Introduction Over the last decade, considerable effort has been devoted to develop high manganese (15-30%) twinning-induced plasticity steels for automotive applications [1-6]. Owing to their outstanding mechanical properties, non-magnetism, impact resistivity, corrosion resistance, TWIP steel considered as a unique candidates for automotive crash-worthy components [4-6]. Twinning is another important property of TWIP steels which enables mechanical deformation inside the grains under mechanical loading condition. The deformation mechanism, either dislocation glides or twins are determined by the factor of stacking fault energy (SFE) [7]. The twinning tendency can be predicted by SFE, high SFE in the ranges of (25 to 35 mj/m 2 ) provides mechanical twinning inside the grains [4]. The main field of application of TWIP steel is automotive sector. A part form the microstructural investigation, welding and joining is intrinsic issue which needed to be evaluated prior to apply in automotives. RSW is the fundamental method of joining automotive parts; being said that every automotive contains around spot welds. The spot welding is a materials joining process which is performed by using a combination of weld current, weld time, and electrode pressure. The sheets are placed under two pressurized electrode contact, and electric current is passed through upper electrode to lower electrode; the heat generates and fused metal at interface of two sheet where current experienced highest resistance during current flow. The joint integrity of spot welds must be ensured adequate safety to the passengers [8-10]. Through little beneficial information are obtained regarding microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welding TWIP steel investigated by Mujica et al. [11-13]. Due to limited information about the mechanical and microstructure analysis of spot welded high-mn steels; materials still not widely accepted by automotive industries. The aim of the present work is to ensure the joint integrity of the welded part produced by RSW. Emphasize will be placed on parameter optimizations and weldability improvement (by enlarging nugget sizes). Here, a details discussion will be made on how optimized schedules enlarged the weld nugget and improved failure load. In addition, HAZ liquation cracking will be evaluated and discussion will be made on the effect of weld parameters on crack formation. Experiment Description Spot welding was performed on 980 MPa grades of cold rolled (1.4 mm) TWIP steels. The base materials composed of 0.6%C, 18% Mn, 1.5 % Al with minor alloying elements. The spot welding is assisted by ISO recommended standard [14], and optimized double pulse condition; details experiment schedules are presented on Table 1. The specimen dimensions and preparations for CTTs and tensile shear tests are followed by ISO standard [14]. 330
2 Results and Discussion Weldability evaluation and optimization The weldability evaluation is the predominant issue of a material to ensure applicability in industrial sectors. The suitable current ranges are determined at which nugget and expulsion condition. Generally, owing to high chemical composition for AHSS which contributes to increase electric resistance; therefore the suitable current range shifts to the lower current side [15]. Therefore, optimization is the common practice employed by automotive industries to improve the weld quality in terms of maximizing the allowable weld current ranges. Several schemes are employed by researchers to maximize the weld parameters; Taguchi methods [16], regression modeling [17], neural network [18], etc. These types of parameter optimization schemes are sometimes inadequate or complex to get desired weld quality. Therefore, in this paper, authors attempted to use a simple and reliable double pulse method to optimize the welding schedule for TWIP steels. Fig. 1 shows the linear relationship between welding current and weld sizes. Throughout the welding current, the nugget and button diameters are found to superior for optimized condition. Higher nugget and button size provides higher CTT failure load as indicated in Fig. 3. One noticeable feature (Fig. 1) is that the nugget and button size differences between ISO and optimized schedules are more pronounce vicinity of expulsion condition. And this phenomenon is largely depends on heat input. In case of optimized schedule, first pulse is maintained at 6.0 ka and second pulse is varied from 4.0 to 8.0 ka. At lower current condition, total heat input (Q = I 2 R t) is higher in double pulse condition, which provides higher failure load. As the welding current increased, total heat inputs are going to be nearly equal (5.0 to 6.5 ka); hence failure load differences (between ISO and optimized schedule) declined as indicated in Fig. 3. During experiment, it is observed that the welding current higher than 7.0 ka always made expulsion; and all of cases expulsion is detected in first pulse of three pulses in ISO schedule (verified with dynamic resistance measurements). High heat input within short welding time (7.0 cycles), which might caused expulsion due to excessive heat generation at interface. By adopting double pulse schedule, the occurrence of expulsion in first pulse is suppressed, because first pulse weld current is kept at 6.0 ka, which is below the expulsion current in ISO condition; so, expulsion is ensured in second pulse. Second pulse is used to enlarge the nugget growth due to continuous heat input with longer weld time (14.0 cycles). Three parameters can be selected for optimized schedule; and Table 1: Welding schedules used in this investigation Schedule (Cycle, 60 Hz) Schedule E F (kn) Weld Tip Dia Pulses Current (I 1) Weld (t 1) Cooling-1 Current (I 2) Weld (t 2) Cooling-2 Current (I3) (t3) ISO [14] 4.5 kn ka ka ka mm Optimized 4.5 kn ka ka mm 331 these are, for 1 st pulse: weld current (I 1 ) and weld time (t 1 ); for 2 nd pulse: weld time (t 2 ). Priority should be given for selecting I 1, and t 1. Two main criteria can be suggested here to select appropriate 1 st pulse. Firstly, 1 st pulse current should be less than the expulsion current detected in single pulse experiment. In this experiment, using single pulse, the expulsion is confirmed at 6.5 ka (results are not shown here). Therefore, 1 st pulse weld current is picked up 6.0 ka; and it is certainly sure that expulsion would not be occurred in 1 st pulse. Secondly, t 1 should be chosen such a way that with combination of I 1 and t 1, nugget diameter would be about Figure 1: Weld growth curves for TWIP steels using ISO and optimized conditions; a) based on button diameter, and b) based on nugget diameter. As 2 nd pulse is helping the nugget (which is formed in 1 st pulse) to re-melt and expand more; therefore, the heat input in 2 nd pulse must be superior to the former pulse. In 2 nd pulse, welding current (I 2 ) is variable and only parameter to be
3 selected is welding time (t 2 ); which can be chosen from prescribed ranges. One thing should be noted here that the value of t 2 should be around two times of t 1 ; and these longer weld time would permit uninterrupted heat input throughout the welds. failure displacement both improved by adopting optimized schedule. The welded parts load bearing capacity and energy absorption capacity are superior to conventional ISO schedule. Due to continuous heating in 2 nd pulse of optimized schedule, the nugget diameter increased and it contributes to absorb high energy during mechanical tests. Figure 2: The nugget macrographs for three pulses and double pulses; a) ISO schedule at 7.0 ka, and b) optimized schedule at 7.5 ka. The Fig. 2 represents the maximum nugget obtained in ISO and optimized schedule. It can be clearly seen that the nugget diameter significantly increased in optimized schedules. The experiments are performed using 0.5 ka current interval and maximum nuggets are found 6.22 mm, and 7.21 mm for ISO, and optimized schedule, respectively. The maximum nugget diameter is increased about 15%; which is beneficial and effective in terms of practical application. One noticeable feature is that optimized double pulse condition allows nugget to expand along sheet direction rather than along electrode direction; as it formed in ISO condition. Figure 4: Comparison of load-displacement curve for ISO and optimized condition at 7.0 ka weld current. CTT fracture macrographs are presented in Fig. 5 corresponding to load-displacement curve of Fig. 4. The fracture is initiated at notch tip and followed the fusion zone and HAZ interface and finally fracture occurred along the sheet thickness direction [24]. The morphology of fracture is similar for both schedules; although optimized one provides better button sizes. Initially fracture took place along two parallel edges (0 and 180 ) of the nugget; and then the fracture load is shifted to the other edges (90 and 270 ) of nugget and finally fracture propagated toward the base metal as indicated in Fig. 5. Figure 3: Weld strength curves for TWIP steels using ISO and optimized conditions. In general, chemical composition of materials adversely affect on tensile test failure mode. Rich chemistry of AHSS contributes to interfacial failure mode in contrast to mild steel or HSLA [19-22]. Although the CTT failure loads (Fig. 3) are extensively affected by the optimized schedules but the tensile shear failure always occurred as interfacial mode (results are not shown here). The interfacial failure characteristics of the welds can be explain by its less hardness values [23] in weld zone which allows to crack propagation towards weld centerline. Fig. 4 illustrates the load-displacement curve for two welding conditions at same weld current 7.0 ka. The failure load and Figure 5: The failure macrographs of spot welds in CTT at 7.0 ka weld current, a) ISO condition, and b) optimized condition. The larger electrode tip diameter and higher electrode force are sometimes considered as inappropriate in industrial application. The larger electrode tips increases the flange sizes which involved materials cost; and higher electrode force is limited to machine stability. Therefore, a dedication should be given to reduce the flange sizes (by using small electrode tip) 332
4 and cut down the electrode force to ensure proper stability of the welder. Therefore, small electrode tip and lower electrode force both are considered to generalize the effect of double pulse condition on nugget diameter. The welds are performed by using 6.0 mm electrode tip and 3.50 kn electrode force. The effect of optimized schedule also prominent here; about 15% nugget diameter improved which is resembled with previous optimized results (explained earlier). Therefore, it can be noted here that the optimization procedure proposed in this experiment is beneficial compared to single pulse and three pulses (ISO) condition. The nugget size improvement is not affected by electrode tip diameters and electrode forces. Figure 6: The nugget macrographs for single pulse and double pulse; a) at single pulse 20 cycles, 6.0 ka (3.50 kn), and d) at double pulse, I 1 =6.0 ka, t 1 =6.0cy, ct=2.0cy, I 2 =7.0 ka and t 2 =12.0cy (3.50 kn). Characteristics of HAZ liquation crack There are several welding imperfections which are detected in welded nuggets; between them, voids, shrinkage cavities, and HAZ liquation cracks are major welding defects [23]. The microstructural investigation of cracks morphologies are carried out by using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM); and microstructure is shown in Fig. 7. Shrinkage cavity HAZ Liquation Crack (c) (d) Grain liquation In this research work, authors would like to focus on liquation cracks characteristics. The HAZ liquation crack is a high temperature crack which appeared in the HAZ adjacent to the weld nugget with substantial liquid films along the grain boundary [25]. Liquation of the grains either occurs by the secondary phase or low-melting point impurities [10]. Cracks are located in HAZ, and it propagated along the base metal (BM); cracks are formed along the sheet direction rather than in electrode direction (sheet thickness) [23]. Most of the cases, cracks are present beside the notch tips (Fig. 7) with a wide base and narrow tip. Similar types of cracks had characterized and reported for aluminum and magnesium alloys [10, 26, 27]. The formations of cracks are strongly dependent on weld current; crack opening width, lengths both increased with weld current [23]. The crack formation and propagations are also affected by the other major welding parameters like, welding time, electrode force, electrode geometry etc. Among the other parameters, weld current is the most influencing parameter for crack formation. In this experiment the minimum weld current is determined 5.0 ka for ISO schedule (Table 1); which is required to initiate crack in HAZ area. By increasing heat input which helped to liquate the grain boundaries more. The liquid films weakened the grain boundaries and it have enough strength to sustain tensile strength developed in HAZ area during RSW; and the crack formed. The cracks are healed with liquid metal and liquid films; and even after the liquid films are detected in cracking zone when it solidified into the room temperature (Fig. 7(d)) [23]. Fig. 8 illustrates the HAZ and PMZ in spot welded samples; the PMZ shows the substantial grain liquation. The liquation of the grains can be occurred either by low melting point eutectics, or by melting of secondary phases [28]. The average grain sizes of the HAZ (Fig. 8) is 3-4 times higher than the average grain size of the BM [23]; therefore, less liquid films is required to cover the entire grain boundaries and it increases the crack susceptibility as reported by Lippold et al. [29]. The crack formation is associated with solid materials flow during heating. The solid materials flow is detected on cracked nugget. The Fig. 9 indicated the solid materials flow along with cracking; no materials flow as well as no crack formation is observed in Fig. 9. Solid materials flow formed a blunt notch which provides large sheet separation and favors to crack formation as stated by Zhang et al. [10, 23, 26]. Grain boundary liquation Liquid films Figure 7: The morphology and appearance of the cracks in high-mn steel welds; a) optical macrograph of nugget crosssection showing shrinkage cavity and HAZ liquation crack, b) SEM image of shrinkage cavity, c) optical micrographs of liquation crack in HAZ, and d) SEM image of liquation crack with substantial liquid film. Figure 8: The optical micrographs of a) HAZ and b) grain boundary liquation in PMZ. 333
5 No materials flow No cracks Crack in HAZ Figure 9: The interface notch area of the spot welded sample; a) at weld current at4.5 ka; and at weld current at 6.0kA. The liquation crack is almost unavoidable, when nugget diameter reached at a certain shape then crack initiates in HAZ. The tendency of liquation crack can be minimized by modifying the BM composition which changed the solidification mode from A type to FA type, i.e, solidification changed from primary austenitic mode to primary ferrite dendrites with an interdendritic layer of austenite. The formation of grain boundary ferrite would reduce the cracking susceptibility. Welding power (AC or MFDC), weld current waveform (single pulse or multi-impulse) has no effect on crack suppression. Either single pulse or two pulses or three pulses i.e., all of the pulsed condition, crack appeared on HAZ at a certain heat input. Even dissimilar welding can not help to suppress crack. Fig.10 shows the dissimilar weld microstructure, which indicates the cracks only at the side of high-mn (TWIP) steel. The preliminary experiment results shows that there is less significant effect of liquation crack on CTT and TST failure load. The details investigation will be performed and will be reported in separate paper. Several authors also concluded the insignificant effect of this type of crack on weld performance [10, 26, 27]. Materials flow Figure 10: The dissimilar spot welded nugget cross-section of 980TWIP (1.4t) and 980DP (1.4t) steels (weld current 6.0kA, 20 cycles, single pulse). (c) TWIP DP Conclusions This research provided a valuable insight about weldability, mechanical properties, and crack formation behavior for resistance spot welded high-mn austenitic steels. The major conclusions can be summarized as follows; 1. A double pulse schedule is optimized and proposed to widen the weld lobe for high-mn steels. By employing optimized schedules, about 15% nugget diameter is increased. Not only nugget diameter but also the load bearing capacity in CTT also increased. 2. Optimized schedule is much more beneficial compared to conventional single pulse and ISO three pulse schedules. The effect of optimized schedule is independent of electrode force and electrode tip diameter; i.e. the schedule is applicable for high electrode force and larger electrode tip diameter condition as well as low electrode force and small electrode tip diameter condition. 3. The welded part has high tendency to form crack; cracks are appeared in the HAZ adjacent to the weld nugget when weld current reached at a certain level. The crack formation, and propagation is influenced by weld current, weld time, and electrode force. 4. Crack formation is almost unavoidable and it is not affected by welding power, weld current waveform, and dissimilar materials combinations. However, this kind of crack has less significant effect on weld performance. References [1] Development of a New Fe-Mn-C Austenitic Steel for Rev Metall Cah Inf Tech, Vol. 103 (2006), pp [2] Strength Fe-Mn-(Al, Si) TRIP/TWIP Steels Development - Properties - Int J Plasticity, Vol. 16 (2000), pp [3] -Strength and High- J Mater Sci Technol, Vol. 21, No. 4 (2005), pp [4] and Corrosion Behavior of High- Dissertation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, FIN University of Oulu, Finland, [5] Strength Trend Met & Mater Eng, Vol. 19, No. 2 (2006). [6] -ductile And High-Strength Manganese- ISIJ Int, Vol. 43, (2003), pp [7] Oh B.W., Cho S.J., Kim Y.G., Kim Y.P., Kim W.S., ct of Aluminium on Deformation Mode and Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Fe-Mn-Cr-Al-C Mater Sci Eng A, Vol. 197, (1995), pp
6 [8] J Mater Sci, Vol. 31, (1996), pp [9] Pouranvari M., Mousavizadeh S.M., Marashi S.P.H., Size and Failure Mode on Mechanical Performance of Dissimilar Resistance Spot Welds of AISI 1008 Low Carbon Steel and DP600 Mater Des, Vol. 32 (2010), pp [10] Zhang H., Senkara J., Resistance Welding Fundamentals and Applications, CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, (Boca Raton, London, New York, 2006), ISBN [11] Mujica L., Weber S., Pinto H., Thomy C., Vollertsen F., - Mater Sci Eng A, Vol. 527 (2010), pp [12] Mujica L., Weber S., Thomy C., Vollertsen F., roperties of Laser Sci Technol Weld Join, Vol. 14, No. 6 (2009), pp [13] Mujica L., Weber S., Hunold G., Teisen W., - Steel Res Int, Vol. 82, No. 1 (2011), pp [14] ISO Resistance welding weldability. Part 2: alternative procedures for the assessment of sheet steels for spot welding ISO standard. [15] Oikawa H., Sakiyama T., Ishikawa T., Murayama G., stance Spot Weldability of High Nippon Steel Technical Report, No. 98, January 2007, pp [16] The Arabian J Sci Eng, Vol. 34, No. 2B (2009), pp [17] Yi L., Jinhe L., Huibin X., Chengzhi X., Lin L., sistance Mater Des, Vol. 30, (2009), pp [18] Development of a Process Controller in Resistance Spot [22] Naït- Behavior of Advanced High-Strength Steel Resistance on, Sheet Metal Welding Conf. XIII, Livonia, MI, May 14-16, [23] Saha D.C., Han S., Chin K.G., Choi I.D., Park Y.D., Resistance-Spot-Welded High-Mn Steel in Automotive Steel Res Int, Vol. 83, No. 4, (2012), pp [24] Resistance Spot Welded Low Carbon Steel in Tensile- Shear and Coach- Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia (AMES), Scientific Paper, Metalurgija-Journal of Metallurgy, Vol. 15, No. 3, (2009), pp [25] -Affected Dissertation, The Ohio State University, [26] J Manuf Sci Eng, Vol. 124, (2002), pp [27] Luo H., Hao C., Zhang J., Gan J., Chen H., Zhang H., m Weld J, Vol. 91, December 2011, pp. 249-s-257-s. [28] Metallurgy and Weldability of Nickel- Hoboken New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2009, p [29] Shi S., Lippold J.C., Service-Exposed, Heat-Resisting Alloys-Austenitic Stainless Steel Castings: HP45Nb and 20- Proc 7 th International Conf on Trends in Welding Research, Callaway Gardens Resort, Pine Mountain, Georgia, USA, May 16-20, 2005, pp [19] [20] [21] Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, (2006). of Spot Weldability of High-Strength Sheet Steels for Nippon Steel Technical Report, No. 20 (1982), pp Technol, Vol. 5, No. 5 (1989), pp Mater Sci Resistance Spot Welds Exhibiting Hold Time Sensitivity Sheet Metal Welding Conf VIII, Tory Marriott-Troy, Michigan, Oct ,
Welding Solutions for Advanced High-Strength Steels Menachem Kimchi 1
Welding Solutions for Advanced High-Strength Steels Menachem Kimchi 1 A. Peer 1, Y. Lu 1, W. Zhang 1, C. Ji 2, Y. Park 2, T. Abke 3, S. Malcom 3 1 The Ohio State University, 2 Dong-Eui University, 3 Honda
More informationResistance Spot Welding of Coated High Strength Dual Phase Steels
Resistance Spot Welding of Coated High Strength Dual Phase Steels Murali D. Tumuluru United States Steel Corporation Research and Technology Center Monroeville, Pa Topics Introduction Dual Phase Steels
More informationResistance Spot Welding of AA5052 Sheet Metal of Dissimilar Thickness
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Resistance Spot Welding of AA5052 Sheet Metal of Dissimilar Thickness To cite this article: N A Mat Din et al 2016 IOP Conf. Ser.:
More informationAn Experimental Investigation on Spot Weld Growth on Dissimilar Joints of 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel and Medium Carbon Steel (Part 1)
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences (IJAAS) Vol. 2, No. 1, March 2013, pp. 25~32 ISSN: 2252-8814 25 An Experimental Investigation on Spot Weld Growth on Dissimilar Joints of 304L Austenitic
More informationWeldability of AHSS. Dr. Sree Harsha Lalam, CWEng. Mittal Steel Company. w w w. a u t o s t e e l. o r g
Weldability of AHSS Dr. Sree Harsha Lalam, CWEng. Mittal Steel Company Overview AHS Steels & Weld Joint Spot welding Spot Welding Window Effect of Coating AC vs. Mid-Frequency DC Weldmetal Hardness Mechanical
More informationTECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING THE WELDABILITY OF TRIP STEEL USING RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING. G Shi and S A Westgate TWI Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom
TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING THE WELDABILITY OF TRIP STEEL USING RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING G Shi and S A Westgate TWI Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom ABSTRACT High strength steels (UTS >6N/mm 2 ) are increasingly
More informationCharacteristics of 1180MPa Grade Cold-rolled Steel Sheets with Excellent Formability
Characteristics of 1180MPa Grade Cold-rolled Steel Sheets with Excellent Formability Tadao MURATA *1, Sae HAMAMOTO *1, Yukihiro UTSUMI *1, Takayuki YAMANO *2, Dr. Yuichi FUTAMURA *3, Takayuki KIMURA *4
More informationMartensitic Steel Sheets of 1300 and 1500MPa Grades
Martensitic Steel Sheets of 1300 and 1500MPa Grades Yukihiro UTSUMI *1, Atsuhiro SHIRAKI *1, Sae HAMAMOTO *1, Junichiro KINUGASA *2 *1 Sheet Products Development Dept., Research & Development Lab., Iron
More informationη = R Rn Yansong ZHANG, Jie SHEN and Xinmin LAI
, pp. 493 498 Influence of Electrode Force on Weld Expulsion in Resistance Spot Welding of Dual Phase Steel with Initial Gap Using Simulation and Experimental Method Yansong ZHANG, Jie SHEN and Xinmin
More informationMechanical joining as an alternative method to resistance spot welding and riveting
Mechanical joining as an alternative method to resistance spot welding and riveting Ľuboš Kaščák Department of Computer Support of Technology Technical University of Košice Košice, Slovakia lubos.kascak@tuke.sk
More informationNucleus geometry and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded coated uncoated DP automotive steels
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 36, No. 6, November 2013, pp. 1049 1055. c Indian Academy of Sciences. Nucleus geometry and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded coated uncoated DP automotive steels
More informationREGRESSION MODELING AND PROCESS ANALYSIS OF RESISTANCE SPOT WELDED JOINTS
5 th International & 26 th All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research Conference (AIMTDR 214) December 12 th 14 th, 214, IIT Guwahati, Assam, India Abstract REGRESSION MODELING AND PROCESS
More informationTensile Strength and Pseudo-elasticity of YAG Laser Spot Melted Ti-Ni Shape Memory Alloy Wires
Materials Transactions, Vol. 45, No. 4 (24) pp. 17 to 176 Special Issue on Frontiers of Smart Biomaterials #24 The Japan Institute of Metals Tensile Strength and Pseudo-elasticity of YAG Laser Spot Melted
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Physics Procedia 56 (2014 ) Veli Kujanpää*
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Physics Procedia 56 (2014 ) 630 636 8 th International Conference on Photonic Technologies LANE 2014 Thick-section laser and hybrid welding of austenitic
More informationTable 1 El. Steel Category TS grade MPa MPa 980MPa GA980Y 724 1,022 Developed steel Galvannealed 780MPa GA780Y MPa CR980Y 690 1,030
With growing awareness of global environmental issues, automobile manufacturers are striving to reduce automotive weight and thus decrease exhaust emissions. Concurrently, automakers are pursuing higher
More informationThe effect of ER4043 and ER5356 filler metal on welded Al 7075 by metal inert gas welding
This paper is part of the Proceedings of the 2 International Conference on nd High Performance and Optimum Design of Structures and Materials (HPSM 2016) www.witconferences.com The effect of ER4043 and
More informationTriyono, Jamasri, M.N. Ilman, R. Soekrisno. International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS Vol: 11 No:
International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 03 118 Comparative Study of Fatigue Assessment Methods with and without Considering Residual Stress on Resistance Spot-Welded Unequal
More informationrelated to the welding of aluminium are due to its high thermal conductivity, high
Chapter 7 COMPARISON FSW WELD WITH TIG WELD 7.0 Introduction Aluminium welding still represents a critical operation due to its complexity and the high level of defect that can be produced in the joint.
More informationHeat treatment and effects of Cr and Ni in low alloy steel
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 34, No. 7, December 2011, pp. 1439 1445. Indian Academy of Sciences. Heat treatment and effects of Cr and Ni in low alloy steel MOHAMMAD ABDUR RAZZAK Materials and Metallurgical
More informationJoining as an Enabling Technology for Mainstream Vehicle Lightweighting
Joining as an Enabling Technology for Mainstream Vehicle Lightweighting March 17, 2015 Jerry E. Gould LIFT: Technology Pillar Leader, Joining and Assembly EWI: Technology Leader, Resistance and Solid State
More informationA COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LASER, CMT, LASER-PULSE MIG HYBRID AND LASER-CMT HYBRID WELDED ALUMINIUM ALLOY Paper 1304
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LASER, CMT, LASER-PULSE MIG HYBRID AND LASER-CMT HYBRID WELDED ALUMINIUM ALLOY Paper 1304 Chen Zhang, Ming Gao, Geng Li, Xiaoyan Zeng Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics,
More informationCLAD STAINLESS STEELS AND HIGH-NI-ALLOYS FOR WELDED TUBE APPLICATION
CLAD STAINLESS STEELS AND HIGHNIALLOYS FOR WELDED TUBE APPLICATION Wolfgang Bretz Wickeder Westfalenstahl GmbH Hauptstrasse 6 D58739 Wickede, Germany Keywords: Cladding, Laser/TIG Welding, Combined SolderingWelding
More informationTHE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND MEAN STRESS ON THE FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF TYPE 304L STAINLESS STEEL INTRODUCTION
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND MEAN STRESS ON THE FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF TYPE 34L STAINLESS STEEL H.-J. Christ, C. K. Wamukwamba and H. Mughrabi The fatigue behaviour of the austenitic stainless steel AISI34L
More informationHigh Strength Hot-rolled Steel Sheets for Automobiles
UDC 669. 14. 18. 295-415 : 629. 11. 11. 5 High Strength Hot-rolled Steel Sheets for Automobiles Manabu TAKAHASHI* 1 Osamu KAWANO* 2 Teruki HAYASHIDA* 3 Riki OKAMOTO* 4 Hirokazu TANIGUCHI* 4 Abstract Large
More informationStudy on Microstructure, Tensile Test and Hardness 316 Stainless Steel Jointed by TIG Welding
Study on Microstructure, Tensile Test and Hardness 316 Stainless Steel Jointed by TIG Welding M.sc Halil İbrahim KURT Gaziantep Vocational High School Gaziantep University Gaziantep, 27310, Turkey hiakurt@gmail.com
More informationInfluence of Post Weld Heat Treatment on the HAZ of Low Alloy Steel Weldments
Influence of Post Weld Heat Treatment on the HAZ of Low Alloy Steel Weldments S. Rasool Mohideen* and A.M. Ahmad Zaidi Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UTHM *Corresponding email: rasool
More informationPredicting the Rheological Behavior of AISI D2 Semi- Solid Steel by Plastic Instability Approach
American Journal of Materials Engineering and Technology, 2013, Vol. 1, No. 3, 41-45 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/materials/1/3/3 Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/materials-1-3-3
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM WELDS FOR AUTOMOTIVE STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM WELDS FOR AUTOMOTIVE STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS Jennifer Hyde Supervisor: Dr. McDermid MATLS 701 Seminar Feb 17, 2012 Outline 2 Motivation Background/Literature Review Project
More informationHigh Temperature Tensile Deformation Behavior of New Heat Resistant Aluminum Alloy
Materials Transactions, Vol. 52, No. 8 (2011) pp. 1661 to 1666 #2011 The Japan Institute of Metals EXPRESS REGULAR ARTICLE High Temperature Tensile Deformation Behavior of New Heat Resistant Aluminum Alloy
More informationAvailable online at Fatigue Received 4 March 2010; revised 9 March 2010; accepted 15 March 2010
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Procedia Engineering Engineering 2 (2010) 00 (2009) 697 705 000 000 Procedia Engineering www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia Fatigue 2010 Fatigue behaviour
More informationEVALUATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FRICTION WELDED JOINTS OF EN-24 STEEL CYLINDRICAL RODS
Research Paper ISSN 227 049 www.ijmerr.com Vol. 3, No. 4, October, 204 204 IJMERR. All Rights Reserved EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FRICTION WELDED JOINTS OF STEEL CYLINDRICAL RODS G Samuthiram
More informationFatigue life estimation of Aluminium Alloy reinforced with SiC particulates in annealed conditions
18 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS Abstract Fatigue life estimation of Aluminium Alloy reinforced with SiC particulates in annealed conditions D. P. Myriounis, S.T.Hasan Sheffield Hallam
More informationLap Joint of A5083 Aluminum Alloy and SS400 Steel by Friction Stir Welding
Materials Transactions, Vol. 46, No. 4 (2005) pp. 835 to 841 #2005 The Japan Institute of Metals Lap Joint of A5083 Aluminum Alloy and SS400 Steel by Friction Stir Welding Kittipong Kimapong* and Takehiko
More informationNIPPON STEEL TECHNICAL REPORT No. 88 July Yasuharu SAKUMA* 1 Hatsuhiko OIKAWA* 2
NIPPON STEEL TECHNICAL REPORT No. 88 July 23 UDC 669. 14. 18. 29-4 : 621. 791.763. 1. 11 Factors to Determine Static Strengths of Spot-weld for High Strength Steel Sheets and Developments of High-strength
More informationMACROSTRUCTURE, MICROSTRUCTURE AND MICROHARDNESS ANALYSIS
109 Chapter 5 MACROSTRUCTURE, MICROSTRUCTURE AND MICROHARDNESS ANALYSIS 5.1 INTRODUCTION The microstructural studies of friction welding helps in understanding microstructural changes occurred during friction
More informationResistance Spot Welding of Aluminum Alloy to Steel with Transition Material From Process to Performance Part I: Experimental Study
Resistance Spot Welding of Aluminum Alloy to Steel with Transition Material From Process to Performance Part I: Experimental Study Weld strength, failure mode, and fatigue life were compared with self-piercing
More informationBasic Welding Metallurgy of Structural Steels Explained in Everyday Terms.
Basic Welding Metallurgy of Structural Steels Explained in Everyday Terms. Prepared by J. Manning September 27, 2017 Modern controlled rolled carbon manganese or micro alloyed steels derive their strength
More informationWELDING METALLURGY AND WELDABILITY OF NICKEL-BASE ALLOYS
WELDING METALLURGY AND WELDABILITY OF NICKEL-BASE ALLOYS John N. DuPont John C. Lippold Samuel D. Kiser A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION WELDING METALLURGY AND WELDABILITY OF NICKEL-BASE ALLOYS
More informationEffects of Austenite Conditioning on Austenite/Ferrite Phase Transformation of HSLA Steel
Materials Transactions, Vol. 45, No. 1 (2004) pp. 137 to 142 #2004 The Japan Institute of Metals EXPRESS REGULAR ARTICLE Effects of Austenite Conditioning on Austenite/Ferrite Phase Transformation of HSLA
More informationResults are presented in Table 1. The tube was fabricated from a Type 347 and no unusual conditions were noted.
1. Introduction Hydroprocessing units such as isomax in oil refineries upgrade hydrocarbon feedstocks by converting heavier feeds into more valuable lighter products. The reactions occur under a hydrogen-rich
More informationWeldability and Performance of GMAW Joints of Advanced High- Strength Steels (AHSS)
Weldability and Performance of GMAW Joints of Advanced High- Strength Steels (AHSS) Zhili Feng *, John Chang **, Cindy Jiang *** and Min Kuo **** * Oak Ridge National Laboratory ** Ford Motor Company ***
More informationY. Zhou, X. Zhou, Q. Teng, Q.S. Wei, Y.S. Shi
Investigation on the scan strategy and property of 316L stainless steel-inconel 718 functionally graded materials fabricated by selective laser melting Y. Zhou, X. Zhou, Q. Teng, Q.S. Wei, Y.S. Shi State
More informationRajiv Suman 1, Dr. P.C.Gope 2 1 Research Scholar, Department of mechanical Engineering, College of Technology. Pantnagar (GBPUAT) Uttarakhand,INDIA
Microstructure and Mechanical Property Changes during TIG elding of 31-2 (IS-737) Aluminium Alloy Rajiv Suman 1, Dr. P.C.Gope 2 1 Research Scholar, Department of mechanical Engineering, College of Technology.
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF THE DISSIMILAR WELDING - AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL WITH FILLER METAL OF THE NICKEL ALLOY
2007 International Nuclear Atlantic Conference - INAC 2007 Santos, SP, Brazil, September 30 to October 5, 2007 ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE ENERGIA NUCLEAR - ABEN ISBN: 978-85-99141-02-1 CHARACTERIZATION OF
More informationThe Relationship between Residual Stresses and Transverse Weld Cracks in Thick Steel Plate
WELDING RESERCH The Relationship between Residual Stresses and Transverse Weld Cracks in Thick Steel Plate The relationship between longitudinal residual stresses (s x direction) and transverse weld cracks
More informationSteel Sheets for Highly Productive Hot Stamping
Steel Sheets for Highly Productive Hot Stamping Sae HAMAMOTO *1, Hiroyuki OMORI *1, Tatsuya ASAI *1, Naoki MIZUTA *2, Noriyuki JIMBO *2, Takayuki YAMANO *2 *1 Sheet Products Development Dept., Research
More informationSecond Pulse Current in Resistance Spot Welded TRIP Steel Effects on the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior
Second Pulse Current in Resistance Spot Welded TRIP Steel Effects on the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior The second pulse current improved mechanical properties when the fusion zone microstructure
More informationCeramic Processing Research
Journal of Ceramic Processing Research. Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 261~265 (2006) J O U R N A L O F Ceramic Processing Research Tensile strength and fracture toughness of two magnesium metal matrix composites
More informationContent. CP-W and CP-K. Areas of application. Product information for complex-phase steels
Steel CP-W and CP-K Product information for complex-phase steels Issue: January 2017, version 2 Overview of steel grades 50 Hot-rolled flat products Cold-rolled/hot-dip coated flat products Recommended
More informationInvestigation of Stress Relief Heat treatment on Carbon Steel AISI 1045 Weld
Proceedings of the 5th IIAE International Conference on Industrial Application Engineering 27 Investigation of Stress Relief Heat treatment on Carbon Steel AISI 5 Weld Prachya Peasura a,* a,* Department
More informationPROPERTIES OF AW 5059 ALUMINIUM ALLOY JOINTS WELDED BY MIG AND FRICTION STIR WELDING (FSW)
Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, Vol. 20, No. 3 2013 PROPERTIES OF AW 5059 ALUMINIUM ALLOY JOINTS WELDED BY MIG AND FRICTION STIR WELDING (FSW) Miros aw Czechowski Gdynia Maritime University
More informationThe Resistance Spot Weldability of a Stainless Steel/Aluminium/Low Carbon Steel 3-Ply Clad Sheet
67 The Resistance Spot Weldability of a Stainless Steel/uminium/Low Carbon Steel 3-Ply Clad Sheet Siva Prasad Murugan*, Muralimohan Cheepu**, Vijeesh Vijayan*, Changwook Ji***, and Yeong-Do Park*, *Department
More informationHot-crack test for aluminium alloys welds using TIG process
EPJ Web of Conferences 6, 07001 (2010) DOI:10.1051/epjconf/20100607001 Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2010 Hot-crack test for aluminium alloys welds using TIG process A. Niel,a, F. Deschaux-beaume,
More informationAdvances in steel and Al alloy materials High strength (HSS) & Advanced high strength steel (AHSS)
Advances in steel and Al alloy materials High strength (HSS) & Advanced high strength steel (AHSS) Low strength steel HSS UHSS Development of new steel grade materials that can withstand more strength
More informationTHE APPLICATION OF FRICTION STIR WELDING (FSW) OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS IN SHIPBUILDING AND RAILWAY INDUSTRY
Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, Vol. 24, No. 2 2017 THE APPLICATION OF FRICTION STIR WELDING (FSW) OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS IN SHIPBUILDING AND RAILWAY INDUSTRY Grzegorz Gesella, Mirosław Czechowski
More informationSteel Making. Modern Long Product Manufacturing. Process Flow Chart
Rolling Process Metallurgical Aspects Material Specifications and Chemistries Standard Mill Practices Miscellaneous Tables & Data Elastic Section Modulus Plastic Section Modulus Moment of Inertia SI Conversion
More informationArch. Metall. Mater. 62 (2017), 2B,
Arch. Metall. Mater. 62 (2017), 2B, 1319-1323 DOI: 10.1515/amm-2017-0201 C.K. LEE*, Y.C. KIM** # A STUDY ON CHANGES IN THICKNESS OF STS304 MATERIAL IN THE PROGRESSIVE DRAWING PROCESS In the drawing process,
More informationThe Effect of Crystallographic Texture on the Wrap Bendability in AA5754-O Temper Sheet Alloy
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys, September 5-9, 2010, Yokohama, Japan 2010 The Japan Institute of Light Metals pp. 607-612 607 The Effect of Crystallographic Texture
More informationThe Simulation Software for Innovative Welding and Joining. Ensure before welding
The Simulation Software for Innovative Welding and Joining Ensure before welding Strategic partner for success With more than 25 years of continuous research and development and nearly 20 years of devoted
More informationCombined Process of Ultrasonic Welding and Precipitation Hardening of Aluminium Alloy 2024/Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composites Structures
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys, September 5-9, 2010, Yokohama, Japan 2010 2010 The Japan Institute of Light Metals pp. 856-861 856 Combined Process of Ultrasonic Welding
More informationStainless Steel & Stainless Steel Fasteners Chemical, Physical and Mechanical Properties
Stainless Steel & Stainless Steel Fasteners Chemical, Physical and Mechanical Properties Stainless steel describes a family of steels highly resistant to tarnishing and rusting that contain at least two
More informationDissimilar Resistance Spot Welding of Aluminum to Magnesium with Zn Coated Steel Interlayers
Dissimilar Resistance Spot Welding of luminum to Magnesium with Zn Coated Steel Interlayers High strength dissimilar l/mg joints can be produced by resistance spot welding with an interlayer Y P. PENNER,
More informationCharacterization of microstructures and mechanical properties of Inconel 617/310 stainless steel dissimilar welds
available at www.sciencedirect.com www.elsevier.com/locate/matchar Characterization of microstructures and mechanical properties of Inconel 617/310 stainless steel dissimilar welds H. Shah Hosseini, M.
More informationTensile properties and micro structural characteristics of friction welded dissimilar joints of Inconel and austenitic stainless steel
350 Tensile properties and micro structural characteristics of friction welded dissimilar joints of Inconel and austenitic stainless steel N.Gobu 1, K.Mahadevan 2, V.Balasubramanian 3 1 Department of Mechanical
More informationArch. Metall. Mater. 62 (2017), 3,
Arch. Metall. Mater. 62 (2017), 3, 1615-1624 DOI: 10.1515/amm-2017-0247 M. UHRÍČIK* #, P. PALČEK*, M. CHALUPOVÁ*, M. ORAVCOVÁ*, M. FRKÁŇ* THE INFLUENCE OF THE STRUCTURE ON THE FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF Al-Mg
More informationE-BRITE E-BRITE. Technical Data Sheet. Stainless Steel: Superferritic GENERAL PROPERTIES PLANAR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
E-BRITE Stainless Steel: Superferritic (UNS 44627, ASTM Type XM-27) GENERAL PROPERTIES E-BRITE alloy is a high purity ferritic stainless steel which combines excellent resistance to corrosion and oxidation
More informationDeformation Twinning in Bulk Aluminum with Coarse Grains
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Aluminium Proceedings Alloys, of the September 12th International 5-9, 2010, Yokohama, Conference Japan on 2010 Aluminum The Japan Alloys, Institute
More informationArch. Metall. Mater. 62 (2017), 2,
Arch. Metall. Mater. 62 (2017), 2, 787-793 DOI: 10.1515/amm-2017-0117 M. ROZMUS-GÓRNIKOWSKA* #, M. BLICHARSKI* TEM MICROSTRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TRANSITION ZONE BETWEEN STEEL TUBE AND AN INCONEL
More informationGAS METAL ARC WELDING OF ADVANCED HIGH STRENGTH STEEL DEVELOPMENTS FOR OPTIMIZED WELD CONTROL AND IMPROVED WELD QUALITY
GAS METAL ARC WELDING OF ADVANCED HIGH STRENGTH STEEL DEVELOPMENTS FOR OPTIMIZED WELD CONTROL AND IMPROVED WELD QUALITY Adrian N. A. Elliott Advanced Body Construction Manufacturing & Processes Department
More informationDevelopment of Next Generation Resistance Spot Welding Technologies Contributing to Auto Body Weight Reduction
Development of Next Generation Resistance Spot Technologies Contributing to Auto Body Weight Reduction JFE TECHNCAL REPORT No. 18 (Mar. 213) MATSUSHTA Muneo *1 TANGUCH Koichi *2 O Kenji *3 Abstract: New
More informationAdvanced Materials for Automotive Application
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering OPEN ACCESS Advanced Materials for Automotive Application To cite this article: M Tisza 2013 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 47 012010 View the
More informationCharacterization of inclusions causing lamellar tearing in S355N
Characterization of inclusions causing lamellar tearing in S355N A. Abyazi 1, A. R. Ebrahimi 2 1 PHD Student of Materials Science and Engineering, a.abyazi@gmail.com. 2 Associate Professor of Materials
More informationImprovement of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Resistance Spot Welded DP600 Steel by Double Pulse Technology
Materials Transactions, Vol. 52, No. 12 (2011) pp. 2143 to 2150 #2011 The Japan Institute of Metals Improvement of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Resistance Spot Welded DP600 Steel by Double
More informationCRACKING OF HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL WELDED JOINTS
DOI: 10.2478/adms 2013 0013 K. Pańcikiewicz*, A. Zielińska-Lipiec, E. Tasak AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Department of Physical
More informationSteels for hot stamping
Automotive Worldwide Steels for hot stamping Extract from the product catalogue -European edition Note: Information contained in this catalogue is subject to change. Please contact our sales team whenever
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF TITANIUM ALLOYS FOR CRYOGENIC APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERIZATION OF TITANIUM ALLOYS FOR CRYOGENIC APPLICATIONS M. Reytier, F. Kircher, B. Levesy CEA Saclay, DSM / DAPNIA / STCM Gif sur Yvette, 91191, France ABSTRACT Titanium alloys are employed in the
More informationEffect of TIG Welding Parameters on the Properties of 304L Automated Girth Welded Pipes Using Orbital Welding Machine
Research Reviews: Journal of Material Science DOI: 10.4172/2321-6212.1000201 e-issn: 2321-6212 www.rroij.com Effect of TIG Welding Parameters on the Properties of 304L Automated Girth Welded Pipes Using
More informationBrazing of copper to stainless steel with a lowsilver-content
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering OPEN ACCESS Brazing of copper to stainless steel with a lowsilver-content brazing filler metal To cite this article: Tatsuya Fukikoshi et al 2014
More informationME -215 ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND PROCESES
ME -215 ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND PROCESES Instructor: Office: MEC325, Tel.: 973-642-7455 E-mail: samardzi@njit.edu PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS Chapter 3 Materials Properties STRUCTURE PERFORMANCE PROCESSING
More informationMicrostructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Single-Mode Fiber Laser Lap-Welded Joint in Ti and Al Dissimilar Metals
Transactions of JWRI, Vol.42 (2013), No. 1 Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Single-Mode Fiber Laser Lap-Welded Joint in Ti and Al Dissimilar Metals Su-Jin LEE Su-Jin*, LEE*,
More informationEffect of Ti on Charpy Fracture Energy and Other Mechanical Properties of ASTM A 710 Grade B Cu-Precipitation-Strengthened Steel
To be presented at Materials Science & Technology 2009 Conference (MS&T 09) October 25-29, 2009, Pittsburgh, PA Effect of Ti on Charpy Fracture Energy and Other Mechanical Properties of ASTM A 710 Grade
More informationMICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF HOT TEARS IN A WCB STEEL VALVE BODY
STEEL FOUNDERS' SOCIETY OF AMERICA TECHNICAL SERVICE REPORT #l05 MICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF HOT TEARS IN A WCB STEEL VALVE BODY Published by the STEEL FOUNDERS' SOCIETY OF AMERICA Mr. Malcolm Blair Technical
More information1. Project special reports
1. Project special reports 1.1 Deformation localisation and EAC in inhomogeneous microstructures of austenitic stainless steels Ulla Ehrnstén 1, Wade Karlsen 1, Janne Pakarinen 1, Tapio Saukkonen 2 Hänninen
More informationApplication of Forced Freeze during Flash-Butt Welding for Coil Joining of Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS)
Application of Forced Freeze during Flash-Butt Welding for Coil Joining of Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) Michael Prokop * and Jerry E. Gould ** * Taylor-Winfield Technologies ** EWI Abstract Recent
More informationNanoSteel 3rd Generation AHSS: Auto Evaluation and Technology Expansion
NanoSteel 3rd Generation AHSS: Auto Evaluation and Technology Expansion Dr. D.J. Branagan Chief Technical Officer & Founder The NanoSteel Company Outline NanoSteel 3 rd Generation AHSS Structural formation
More informationFriction Welding of magnesium alloys
5th International Conference on Advanced Design and Manufacturing Engineering (ICADME 2015) Friction Welding of magnesium alloys Zhongbao Shen 1, Ranfeng. Qiu 2,Qingzhe Li, Longlong Hou, Lihu Cui Materials
More informationPTA WELDING OF DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL USİNG Cu/Ni INTERLAYER
PTA WELDING OF DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL USİNG Cu/Ni INTERLAYER Ihsan Kirik 1, Niyazi Ozdemir 1, Serdar Mercan 2, Zulkuf Balalan 1 1 University of Firat, Faculty of Technology, Department of Metallurgy and
More information9. Welding Defects 109
9. Welding Defects 9. Welding Defects 109 Figures 9.1 to 9.4 give a rough survey about the classification of welding defects to DIN 8524. This standard does not classify existing welding defects according
More informationMechanical Property Variation within Inconel 82/182 Dissimilar Metal. Weld between Low Alloy Steel and 316 Stainless Steel
Mechanical Property Variation within Inconel 82/182 Dissimilar Metal Weld between Low Alloy Steel and 316 Stainless Steel Changheui Jang, 1) * Jounghoon Lee, 1) Jong Sung Kim, 2) and Tae Eun Jin 2) 1)
More informationMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 9% Ni STEEL WELDED JOINT FOR LNG STORAGE TANK AT CRYOGENIC
Advanced Materials Development and Performance (AMDP2011) International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series Vol. 6 (2012) 355-360 World Scientific Publishing Company DOI: 10.1142/S2010194512003431
More informationThe right choice of steel according to the Eurocode
The right choice of steel according to the Eurocode Oliver Hechler 1, Georges Axmann & Boris Donnay 2 Keywords: steel, production, steel grade, material properties, ductility, toughness, weldability. Abstract:
More informationEFFECT OF LOCAL PLASTIC STRETCH OM TOTAL FATIGUE LIFE EVALUATION
EFFECT OF LOCAL PLASTIC STRETCH OM TOTAL FATIGUE LIFE EVALUATION Abstract G. S. Wang Aeronautics Division, The Swedish Defence Research Agency SE-17290 Stockholm, Sweden wgs@foi.se This paper shows that
More information441 STAINLESS STEEL. Good High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance. Applications Potential
441 STAINLESS STEEL P R O D U C T D ATA B U L L E T I N Equiaxed Microstructure Good High-Temperature Strength Good High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance Applications Potential AK Steel 441 is used in
More informationThe use of magnesium has grown dramatically in the. Section thickness-dependent tensile properties of squeeze cast magnesium alloy AM60 CHINA FOUNDRY
CHINA FOUNDRY Vol.9 No.2 Section thickness-dependent tensile properties of squeeze cast magnesium alloy AM60 *Xuezhi Zhang, Meng Wang, Zhizhong Sun, and Henry Hu (Department of Mechanical, Automotive and
More informationMicrostructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Strip Produced by Twin Roll Casting
Materials Transactions, Vol. 47, No. 7 (2006) pp. 1743 to 1749 #2006 The Japan Institute of Light Metals Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Strip Produced by Twin Roll Casting
More informationMicrostructure and Strength Properties of Austenitic and Ferritic Stainless Steels When Brazed with Ni-Cr-P Amorphous Brazing Foils
Microstructure and Strength Properties of Austenitic and Ferritic Stainless Steels When Brazed with Ni-Cr-P Amorphous Brazing Foils Eric Theisen and Will Coughlan Metglas, Inc., Conway, SC, USA eric.theisen@metglas.com
More informationKeywords: Warm Forming, Warm Temperature, Plasticity, Forgeability, Pressure test, Simulation
1 Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Material Science and Technology in Trnava, Institute of Production Technologies, Slovak Republic Abstract. Warm forming is most commonly used
More informationSubway Cars. Applications Potential
301 STAINLESS STEEL P R O D U C T D ATA B U L L E T I N Aircraft Structural Parts Roof Drainage Cooking Utensils Automotive Trim Subway Cars Applications Potential Type 301 is an austenitic chromium-nickel
More informationEffect of heat input on Stellite 6 coatings on a medium carbon steel substrate by laser cladding
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 2015 Effect of heat input on Stellite 6 coatings
More informationEffects of quench aging treatment on microstructure and tensile properties of thixoformed ZA27 alloy
Effects of quench aging treatment on microstructure and tensile properties of thixoformed ZA27 alloy T.-J. Chen*, Y. Hao and Y.-D. Li The effects of quench aging heat treatment on microstructure and tensile
More information