Dr. Jason H. Ideker. Assistant Professor
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1 ACI 201 Guide to Durable Concrete Updates to AAR Chapter 5 Dr. Jason H. Ideker Assistant Professor Oregon State University
2 Outline Current version of ACI 201.2R-08, Ch 5 Proposed revisions to ACI 201.2R-08 Improved technical information on ASR and ACR Test Methods significant focus here Guidance for to Managing ASR following AASHTO approach - Benoit 47 references added Summary
3 ACI 201.2R - 08 Guide to Durable Concrete Chapter 5: Alkali Aggregate Reaction Types of Reactions Evaluating Aggregates for Potential AAR Preventive Measures Types of freactions ACR Alkali Carbonate Reaction little information ASR Alkali Silica Reaction more in-depth information Referred to other documents within ACI Evaluating Aggregates for Potential AAR Field Performance ASTM C 295 Petrographic Exam ASR ASTM C 227 Mortar Bar Test ASTM C 289 Quick Chemical Test ASTM C 1260 Accelerated Mortar Bar Test ASTM C 1293 Concrete Prism Test ACR ASTM C 586 Rock Cylinder Test CSA A A Chemical Comp. ASTM C 1105 Concrete Prism Test Other testst Developing testing strategies and criteria Preventive Measures Use of nonreactive aggregate Use of low-alkali cement Limits on alkali content (loading) Supplementary S l cementing materials Fly ash and slag (together) Silica fume Natural pozzolans Tests for evaluating effect of pozzolans and slag on ASR ASTM C 441 ASTM C mentioned ASTM C mentioned Suitable chemical admixtures Lithium salts Other admixtures
4 Types of Reactions ACR Alkali Carbonate Reaction History, Reaction mechanisms ASR Alkali Silica Reaction History, Reaction mechanisms Chapter 5: Alkali Aggregate Reaction - PROPOSED UPDATES Introduction Types of reactions Evaluating aggregates for potential alkali-aggregate reactivity Preventive measures Evaluating preventive measures Approaches for managing g ASR ACI 201.2R - XX Guide to Durable Concrete Dr. Michael D.A. Thomas Dr. Jason H. Ideker Evaluating Aggregates for Potential AAR (R) Field Performance (R) ASTM C295 Petrographic Exam ASR (NR) ASTM C227 Mortar Bar Test (NR) ASTM C289 Quick Chem Test (R) ASTM C1260 AMBT - cautions (R) ASTM C1293 Concrete Prism Test (NR) Accelerated Concrete Prism Test also RILEM AAR 4 Proposed (R)( ) Concrete Microbar Test ACR (R) ASTM C 586 Rock Cylinder Test (R) CSA A A Chemical Comp. (R)( ) ASTM C 1105 Concrete Prism Test (R) Concrete Microbar Test Other tests Preventive Measures Use of nonreactive aggregate Limits on alkali content Supplementary S l cementing materials Fly ash Slag Silica fume Natural pozzolans Suitable chemical admixtures Lithium salts Other chemical admixtures Evaluating Preventive Measures ASTM C precautions (R) ASTM C 1567 (R) ASTM C 1293 Approaches for Managing AAR Benoit Fournier addressed Will reflect AASHTO/FHWA approach
5 Types of Reactions Types of Reactions ACR Alkali Carbonate Reaction History, Reaction mechanisms ASR Alkali Silica Reaction History, Reaction mechanisms
6 Test Methods for AAR Evaluating Aggregates for Potential AAR (R) Field Performance (R) ASTM C295 Petrographic Exam ASR (NR) ASTM C227 Mortar Bar Test (NR) ASTM C289 Quick Chem Test (R) ASTM C1260 AMBT - cautions (R) ASTM C1293 Concrete Prism Test (NR) Accelerated Concrete Prism Test also RILEM AAR 4 Proposed (R) Concrete Microbar Test ACR (R) ASTM C 586 Rock Cylinder Test (R)( ) CSA A A Chemical Comp. (R) ASTM C 1105 Concrete Prism Test (R) Concrete Microbar Test Other tests Stronger language and recommendations about test methods Generally the tests t of longer duration (e.g. the concrete prism test) are found to produce more reliable results than shorter duration, highly aggressive tests e.g. standard mortar bar test and even the accelerated mortar bar test High temperature Sample size Mass loss Leaching (loss of alkalies) Non-reactive aggregate issues Addition of new testing methods
7 Test Methods (2) ASTM C 227 Not recommended for identifying ASR or for cement aggregate combinations excessive leaching, trouble identifying slow reacting aggregates ASTM C 289 Not recommended d for detecting ti potentially deleterious alkali-silica reaction in aggregate samples loss of reactive phases during crushing/sieving temperatures during test change reaction kinetics from that seen in field cocnrete
8 Test Methods (3) Accelerated Concrete Prism Test not a recommended test (NEW) excessive leaching due to temperature mass loss (drying) of prisms, especially at earlyage (e.g. up to 7 days) temperature (60C) changes reaction kinetics sulfate drawn into solution preferrentially non-reactive fine aggregates play increasingly important role (alkali li leaching)
9 Test Methods (4) ASTM C 1260 caution given to following test method carefully (volume of soak solution, bars of only one mixture type stored together, th prevent evaporation, others) Limit of 0.10% at 14 days recommended based on correlation to field performance Precautions given to false negatives
10 Test Methods (5) Concrete Prism Test recommended test, most reliable real-scale concrete tested, reduced leaching over mortar bar tests (ASTM C 227) duration of 1 or year is still of concern
11 Test Methods (6) Concrete Microbar Test (NEW) 40 x 40 x 160 mm prism mm aggregate 1260 storage conditions 14 day test with an expansion limit ~ 0.90% identified aggregates g with false negatives in 1260 recommend running in conjunction with ASTM C 1260
12 ACR Test Methods Rock Cylinder Method (ASTM C 586) Chemical Composition (CSA A A) Concrete Prism Test (ASTM C 1105) Concrete Microbar Test (CMT) (NEW) mm aggregate and mm 28 day testing period for reactivity proposed limit of 0.10% at 28 days
13 Preventive Measures Preventive Measures Low alkali cements removed Alkali content focus Use of nonreactive aggregate Limits on alkali content Supplementary cementing materials Fly ash Slag Silica fume Natural l pozzolans Suitable chemical admixtures Lithium salts Other chemical admixtures SCMs rearranged Fly ash and slag treated separately silica fume: long-term effectiveness issues, ternary blends encouraged Lithium salts lithium covered more in depth with inclusion of recent findings Dosage needed depends highly on reactive aggregate type
14 Evaluating Preventive Measures Evaluating Preventive Measures ASTM C precautions (R) ASTM C 1567 (R) ASTM C 1293 New section Precautions added in relation to ASTM C 441 Need to test combinations of SCMs and/or chemical admixtures with reactive aggregate Still acceptable for comparing efficacy of SCMs ASTM C 1567 AMBT added ASTM C 1293 language about 2 year extension for testing preventive measures added.
15 Tests for Evaluating Preventive Measures ASTM C 441 added precautions about testing efficacy on aggregates ASTM C 1567 (NEW) ASTM C 1293 (NEW) language to relate to limits in CSA standards for running to 2 years
16 Approaches for Managing AAR Approaches for Managing AAR Benoit Fournier addressed new AASHTO specifications Will be reflected in new AAR Chapter
17 Summary Improved technical information on ASR and ACR Test methods stronger language, recommendations given, new methods discussed Improved technical information on preventive measures Evaluating preventive Measures test methods Approaches for managing AAR Image Source: C. Rogers ICAAR Held in Austin, Texas May 2012
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