Compounding Guide. 3M Dyneon Fluoroelastomers. Authorized Distributor of 3M Dyneon Fluoroelastomers

Transcription

1 Compounding Guide M Dyneon Fluoroelastomers Authorized Distributor of M Dyneon Fluoroelastomers

2 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide M Dyneon Fluoroelastomers Compounding Fluoroelastomers Introduction General Compounding General Compounding Ingredients Bases Changes in Properties with Variations in / Ratios and Carbon Black N Levels Using FE Q (Table) FE Q Contour Plots - Using FE Q (Table) FE Q Contour Plots - Filler Systems Effect of Filler Level (Non-black) on FE (Table) - Compounding FE with Various Fillers (Non-black) (Table) Low Durometer Compounds (Table) - Cure Systems/Effects of Cure Systems (Table) Processing Aids (Table) Pigments Blending Incorporated Cure Gums with Raw Gum (Table) Blending with Synthetic Elastomers (Table) Effects of Crosslink Density on Bisphenol Cure FKM (Table) Effects of Zinc Oxide on Various Peroxide Cure FKM (Table) Effects of Varying Levels of Co-Agents on Peroxide Cure FKM (FPO ) (Table) Product Numbering System Codes Compounding for O-Ring Applications Compounding for Molded Goods Applications Compounding for Extrusion Processes Compounding for Calendering Processes Compounding for Metal Adhesion Safety and Toxicology

3 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Introduction Components created with M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer compounds have the potential to increase the durability, reliability, and safety of your products provided that they are made using the proper materials and processes for the application at hand. Variations in the ratios of inorganic bases, filler systems and cure systems used in compounding can yield significant control over the physical and rheological properties of the resulting compounds including properties such as mold flow and mold release that are critical for many applications. This manual provides general guidelines that can be used as reference in compounding fluoroelastomers. In addition to data regarding the physical properties yielded by various compounds and processes, the effects of potential contamination and the general requirements of certain types of applications (such as O-rings, molded goods, and extruded compounds) are also discussed. For more specific guidelines for the materials used in specific applications, refer to the M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Recipe Book. Note: The purpose of this guide is to provide basic information to product users for use in evaluating, processing, and troubleshooting their use of certain M products. The information provided is general or summary in nature and is offered to assist the user. The information is not intended to replace the user s careful consideration of the unique circumstances and conditions involved in its use and processing of M products. The user is responsible for determining whether this information is suitable and appropriate for the user s particular use and intended application. The user is solely responsible for evaluating third party intellectual property rights and for ensuring that user s use and intended application of M product does not violate any third party intellectual property rights. General Compounding The basics of choosing the polymer and cure system and compounding those systems with the proper acid acceptors and fillers to fulfill the rheological, physical and processing requirements are, in general, relatively simple. This is due to the limited number of ingredients that are able to withstand the harsh chemical or thermal environments that fluoroelastomers are exposed to. General Compounding Ingredients (PHR)* Fluoroelastomer Acid Acceptor(s) - Filler - Processing Aids - Curatives (May be incorporated in polymer) - Bases (Acid Acceptors) Inorganic bases commonly used in compounding fluoroelastomers include the following: CaO Calcium Oxide, HP-XL HallStar Calcium Hydroxide, HP-XL HallStar Magnesium Oxide, Elastomag Magnesium Oxide, Maglite Y HallStar Magnesium Oxide, Maglite D HallStar ZnO Zinc Oxide, USP # Inorganic bases affect both the rheological and the physical properties. The best balance of properties will be achieved by using a combination of calcium hydroxide and magnesium oxide. The following tables illustrate the change in properties resulting from variations in the ratio of calcium hydroxide and magnesium oxide. The general compounding data was generated in our Application and Product Development Laboratory and should be used only as a guide for compounding. Potential differences may arise due to differences in raw materials and processing techniques. Materials should be processed and evaluated in the consumer s facility to verify the properties. *Parts per Hundred Rubber

4 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Changes in Properties with Varying Ratios of and and Levels of Carbon Black N Using FE Q (Dumbbell Test Specimens) Compound Formulations, phr (Effect of / Ratios and N level using FE Q) FE Q MT Black (N) HP-XL HallStar, Elastomag Total Parts MDR, C ( F) ML, in-lbs MH, in-lbs ts, minutes t', minutes t', minutes Press Cure, C ( F) Min Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Post Cure, C ( F) Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Specific Gravity Tear Die C on Post Cure, C ( F) Tear, ppi Compression Set, C ( F), ASTM D Compression Set, %,." O-ring Air Aging, C ( F), ASTM D Tensile, % change Elongation, % change Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts change Note:, and N in phr

5 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide FE Q Contour Plots M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer FE Q is a % Fluorine dipolymer of vinyline fluoride and hexafluoropropylene. A design of experiments (DOE) was run using FE Q varying the levels of carbon black MT N, HP-XL and Elastomag. The levels of these variables range as: carbon black MT N, from to phr, HP-XL, from to phr and Elastomag, from to phr. Data collected during the experiment included: cure rheology and physical properties on press ( C) and post cure ( C) test sheets, Die C tear strength after post cure ( C), compression set after post cure ( C,. O-rings) and air aging ( C). Contour plots were generated holding the carbon black level constant at phr. MH (in-lb) vs Levels of Metal Oxide Post Cure Tensile (psi) vs Levels of Metal Oxide MH < >. Hold Values N Post Cure Tensile < > Hold Values N t' (min) vs Levels of Metal Oxide T < > Hold Values N Post Cure Elongation (%) vs Levels of Metal Oxide Post Cure Elongation < > Hold Values N Note:, and N in phr

6 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide FE Q Contour Plots Post Cure Modulus (psi) vs Levels of Metal Oxide Post Cure Modulus < > Hold Values N Tear (ppi) vs Levels of Metal Oxide Tear (ppi) < > Hold Values N Hardness vs Levels of Metal Oxide Compression Set (%) vs Levels of Metal Oxide Ca(OH) Hardness < > Hold Values N Compression Set < > Hold Values N Note:, and N in phr

7 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Changes in Properties with Varying Ratios of and Using FE Q (Dumbbell Test Specimens) Compound Formulations, phr (Effect of / Ratios Using FE Q) FE Q MT Black (N) HP-XL, HallStar, Elastomag Total Parts MDR, C ( F) ML, in-lbs..... MH, in-lbs..... ts, minutes..... t', minutes..... t', minutes..... Press Cure, C ( F) Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Post Cure, C ( F) Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Tear Die C on Post Cure, C ( F) Tear, ppi Compression Set, C ( F), ASTM D Compression Set, %,." O-ring Air Aging, C ( F), ASTM D Tensile, % change Elongation, % change Modulus %, % change Hardness, Type A, pts change Note:, and N in phr

8 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide FE Q Contour Plots M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer FE Q is a % Fluorine terpolymer of vinyline fluoride, hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene. A design of experiments (DOE) was run using FE Q varying the levels of HP-XL and Elastomag. The levels of these variables range as: HP-XL from to phr and Elastomag from to phr, holding the carbon black (N) level constant at phr. Data collected during the experiment included: cure rheology and physical properties on press ( C) and post cure ( C) test sheets, Die C tear strength after post cure ( C), compression set after post cure ( C,. O-rings) and air aging ( C). Contour plots were generated holding the carbon black level constant at phr. MH (in-lb) vs Levels of Metal Oxide Post Cure Tensile (psi) vs Levels of Metal Oxide MH (in-lb) < > Hold Values N Tensile, psi < > Hold Values N Ca(OH) t' (min) vs Levels of Metal Oxide T (min) < >. Hold Values N Post Cure Elongation (%) vs Levels of Metal Oxide Elongation % < > Hold Values N Note:, and N in phr

9 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide FE Q Contour Plots Post Cure Modulus (psi) vs Levels of Metal Oxide Tear (ppi) vs Levels of Metal Oxide % Modulus, psi < > Tear (ppi) < > Hardness vs Levels of Metal Oxide Compression Set (%) vs Levels of Metal Oxide Hardness < > Compression Set % < > Note:, and N in phr

10 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Filler Systems Black MT Medium Thermal SRF Semi-Reinforcing Furnace HAF High Abrasion Furnace ASTM Code N N and N N and N Carbon Black Comparison Table (for equivalent hardness) part N. parts N part N. parts N part N. parts N part N. parts N part N. parts N Non-Black (Mineral) Common Trade Names Fine Ground Silica Min-U-Sil ( micron) Oxides Mapico Tan- (Fe O ZnO) Calcium Carbonate, CaCO Albacar Barium Sulfate, BaSO Huberbite Calcium Metasilicate NYAD Zinc Oxide, ZnO USP # Titanium Dioxide, TiO Sakai Chemical A- Mistron CB Cyprubond Silicone Dioxide Aerosil R Zinc Sulfide, ZnS Sachtolith L

11 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Effect of Filler Level (Non-Black) M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer FE formulated to various durometers with various non-black fillers. ± Durometer ± Durometer Compound Recipe FE HP-XL, Hallstar, Elastomag Min-U-Sil ( microns) Zinc Oxide, USP # NYAD Calcium Carbonate, Albacar Mapico Tan A Barium Sulfate, Huberbrite Post cure, C ( F) Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Air aging, C ( F), ASTM D Tensile, % change Elongation, % change Hardness, Type A, pts change Compression Set, C ( F), ASTM D Compression Set, %,." O-ring Not Run Specific Gravity, ASTM D Note:, and N in phr

12 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Effect of Filler Level (Non-Black) continued M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer FE formulated to various durometers with various non-black fillers. ± Durometer ± Durometer ± Durometer Compound Recipe FE HP-XL, Hallstar, Elastomag Min-U-Sil ( microns) Zinc Oxide, USP # NYAD Calcium Carbonate, Albacar Mapico Tan A Barium Sulfate, Huberbrite Post cure, C ( F) Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Air aging, C ( F), ASTM D Tensile, % change Elongation, % change Hardness, Type A, pts change Compression Set, C ( F), ASTM D Compression Set, %,." O-ring Not Run Specific Gravity, ASTM D Note:, and N in phr

13 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer FE formulated to various durometers with various non-black fillers. Test Formulation, PHR N MT Black NYAD Celite Min-U-Sil µ Aerosil R Mistron CB Austin (Cyprubond) TiO A- Sakai Black Chemical Albacar BaSO Mapico Cal Huberbrite Tan A CaCO FE, Elastomag HP-XL, Hallstar Filler Level Total Parts MDR, C ( F) ML, in-lbs MH, in-lbs ts, minutes t', Minutes t', Minutes Press Cure, C ( F) Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Post Cure, C ( F) Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Specific Gravity Air Aging, C ( F), ASTM D Tensile, % change Modulus, % change Too Brittle - - Zinc Oxide USP # Elongation, % change - - Modulus %, % change Hardness, Type A, pts Compression Set, ºC (ºF), ASTM D Compression Set, %,." O-ring Note:, and N in phr

14 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Before specifying a low durometer compound, you might consider one with a higher durometer rating that offers similar performance characteristics. For more information on the effect of durometer ratings in specific applications, contact your M Technical Representative. Low Durometer Compounds A Type A durometer rating between and is considered low for fluoroelastomers. Some of the interest in low durometer fluoroelastomers is a result of upgrading from silicones to fluoroelastomer. In doing this, consideration should be given to the fact that some compromises are made in properties as the fluoroelastomer durometer is reduced. These compromises include: Lower physical properties In general, the lower the durometer below, the lower the properties. However, the differences are not always great. Less compression set resistance The result of lower crosslink densities and process aids/plasticizers. Slower cures This can be increased using small amounts of accelerator, such as M Dynamar FC or M Dynamar FX. Higher cost In comparing compounds above the - durometer range, the higher level of fillers required at durometer may be partially offset by diluting with lower cost raw gum. In durometer stocks, plasticizers can aid processability and also help keep costs down. Guidelines The following guidelines can be used to produce low durometer fluoroelastomer compounds.. Use high crosslink density (FE Q, FC, FC, FE Q) incorporated cure polymers to blend / with low to medium viscosity raw gum polymers (FC, FC ).. Use medium viscosity (FE Q, FC, FE Q, FC ) polymers for compression molding. Lower viscosities may be used for transfer or injection molding.. Use - phr FC if necessary to accelerate the cure.. Use phr each and.. Use - phr filler.. Use. to phr Carnauba wax if release or tearing during molding is a problem. Mix well or blistering may occur.

15 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Low Durometer Compounds Outlined below are typical compounds of this type: A B M Dyneon FC M Dyneon FC M Dyneon FC MT Black (N) HP-XL, Hallstar (Maglite D) Carnauba Wax.. Typical Rheological Properties Cure ODR, C ( F) Minimum.. Time to pt. Rise.. Time to in-lb torque.. Torque at minutes Typical Physical Properties Press Cure, C ( F) Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Post Cure, C ( F) Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Tear Strength, Die C ppi Heat Aging, C ( F), ASTM D Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Compression Set, %,." O-ring, ASTM D C ( F) C ( F) C ( F) Note:, and N in phr

16 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Cure Systems Diamine Added by molder Dicinnamylidene hexane diamine, Diak No. Hexamethylene diamine carbamate, Diak No. Dihydroxy Incorporated by manufacturer in most cases Hexafluoropropylidene diphenol (Bisphenol AF; crosslinker)/ Triphenylbenzylphosphonium chloride (accelerator) Peroxide Added by molder,-dimethyl-, Di(t-butyl-peroxy) hexane/ Triallyl Isocyanurate (coagent) Each cure system has advantages and disadvantages. Effects of Cure Systems Typical Properties of Vulcanized Compound. Compound Formulations, phr Diamine Dihydroxy Peroxide Peroxide A B C D M Dyneon FC MT Black (N), Maglite Y, Elastomag HP-XL, Hallstar Varox DBPH- HP.. TAIC Diamine, Diak No.. Dihydroxy. Accelerator. ZnO. Original Properties Mooney Scorch, minutes, MS, ASTM D Minimum Viscosity, MU.... t, minutes.. > > t, minutes.. > > t, minutes.. > > MDR, C ( F),. arc, ASTM D Minimum Torque, ML, in-lb.... Maximum Torque, ML, in-lb.... ts, minutes.... t', minutes.... t', minutes.... Press Cure, C ( F) Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Post Cure, C ( F) Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Compression Set, C ( F), ASTM D Compression Set, %,." O-ring Note:, and N in phr

17 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Processing Aids Type Example Effect Recommended Loading Waxes Carnauba Wax Improved release, good flow/surface, most common.-. phr Plasticizers DBS/DOP Lowers viscosity, increased shrinkage.-. phr Stearates Zinc Stearate, Aflux Improved release.-. phr Polyethylene AC Improved release and flow.-. phr Organosilicones WS Improved release, good flow/surface.-. phr Fatty Acid Esters WB, HT Improved release, good flow/surface.-. phr Siloxane Elastomer Pigments M Dynamar RA Improved release, good flow/surface, minimized impact on physical properties and shrinkage.-. phr Color Red Common Trade Names Harwick Stan-tone D-, D- Bayferrox M Yellow Harwick Stan-tone DC-, Bayferrox M Green Harwick Stan-tone D-; Akrochem Blue Harwick Stan-tone D-, D-, Akrochem Brown Harwick Stan-tone D-, D- Orange Harwick Stan-tone D-, Akrochem Key Considerations for Pigments Inorganic based pigments are preferred due to the high temperatures needed to post cure fluoroelastomers. Organic based pigments tend to degrade at high temperatures leading to inconsistent colors and color variation. Use with non-black fillers ZnS or ZnO, depending on filler choice the final color will vary. Use ZnS, ZnO or TiO for brighter, more vibrant, colors. Minimize use too much negatively affects shrinkage, physical properties, and/or adhesion.

18 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Blending Fluorocarbon Elastomers The blending or dilution of an incorporated cure polymer with that of a raw gum polymer will change certain physical properties and flow characteristics. The most common reasons for blending a raw gum polymer with an incorporated cure gum would be to: Increase elongation Lower modulus Improve tear strength Increase or lower compound viscosity (depending on which polymers are involved) Adjust level of curatives Blending M Dyneon Incorporated Cure Gums with Raw Gum Compound Formulations, phr A B C D E F G FE Q FC FC FC MT Black (N) HP-XL, Hallstar, Elastomag MDR, C ( F) ML, in-lb MH, in-lb ts, minutes t', minutes t', minutes Press Cure, C ( F) Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Press Cure Tear Die C Tear, ppi Post Cure, C ( F) Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Post Cure Tear Die C Tear, ppi Heat Aging, C ( F), ASTM D Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Compression Set, Room Temperature, ASTM D Compression Set, %,." O-ring Compression Set, C ( F), ASTM D Compression Set, %,." O-ring Note:, and N in phr

19 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Blending M Dyneon Peroxide Curable Fluoroelastomers with Synthetic Elastomers Peroxide Curable Fluorelastomers can be blended with: Fluorosilicones Silicones Nitriles Epichlorohydrin EPDM Blending Fluorocarbon/Fluorosilicone Elastomers Compound Formulations, phr A (/) B (/) C (/) M Dyneon FC Fluorosilicone (Dow Corning LS-) Iron Oxide (Bayferrox M). Silicon Dioxide (Aerosil R-) Fumed Silica (Cab-O-Sil HS-).. HP-XL, Hallstar Peroxide (Luperco XL)... TAIC (Diak No. )... Typical Rheological Properties minutes C ( F), CPM, Arc Minimum torque, in-lb Time to in-lb rise, minutes... Time to in-lb torque, minutes... Maximum torque, minutes, in-lb Typical Physical Properties Cure, C ( F) Post Cure, C ( F) Specific Gravity... Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Compression Set,.' O-ring, %, ASTM D C ( F) C ( F) Low Temperature Properties TR, C ( F) - (-) - (-) - (-) Brittleness Point, C ( F) - (-) - (-) - (-) Torsional Modulus, psi - C (- F)... - C (- F)... - C (- F)... - C (- F)... - C (- F)... Note:, and N in phr

20 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Effects of Crosslink Density on Bisphenol Cure Fluoroelastomer Typical Properties of Vulcanized Compound Compound Formulations, phr Low Medium High M Dyneon FC Bisphenol-AF... FX... HP-XL, HallStar, Elastomag MT Black (N) Total Parts... MDR, C ( F),. arc ML, in-lb... MH, in-lb... ts, minutes... t', minutes... t', minutes... Press Cure, C ( F) Post Cure, C ( F) Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Compression Set, C ( F), ASTM D (buttons) Compression Set, % Increasing the crosslink density while maintaining the cure rate typically leads to the following: An increase in MH An increase in hardness An increase in strain Lower compression set A decrease in elongation Note:, and N in phr

21 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Effects of Zinc Oxide on Various Peroxide Cure Fluoroelastomers FC and FLS products require ZnO to achieve ultimate cure state. FPO products can be cured with or without ZnO depending on application needs. ZnO promotes property retention after heat aging, however, will negatively affect volume swell with water, acids and steam. Addition of ZnO may increase hardness, decrease elongation, and increase modulus. M Dyneon Peroxide Cure FKM FC FPO FPO FPO FLS % % %.% % Dipolymer Terpolymer Terpolymer Terpolymer Terpolymer M Dyneon Peroxide Cure FKM TAIC % DBPH % ZnO MT Black (N) MDR, C ( F) ML, in-lb MH, in-lb ts, minutes t', minutes t', minutes Press Cure, C ( F) Tensile, psi NA NA Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Post Cure, C ( F) Tensile, psi NA NA Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Compression Set, % C ( F),.' O-ring, ASTM Press Cure NA NA Post Cure Acetic Acid Immersion -.M C, %Volume Swell hours NA NA hours... hours... Note:, and N in phr

22 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Effects on Varying Levels of Co-Agents on Peroxide Cure Fluoroelastomer FPO Typical Properties of Vulcanized Compound Increasing the level of peroxide, Varox DBPH-, typically increases the cure speed. Increasing levels of TAIC: Increases MH Increases % strain Increases tensile strength Lowers elongation and compression set TAIC Constant DBPH- Constant Compound Formulations, phr A B C D E F G H Dyneon FPO MT Black (N) TAIC %.... Varox DBPH-.... ZnO Mooney C ( F) Minimum Viscosity, MU not tested.. not tested... t, minutes not tested >. not tested > > > > t, minutes not tested >. not tested > > > > MDR,. Arc C ( F) ML, in-lbs MH, in-lbs ts, minutes t', minutes t', minutes Press Cure, C ( F) Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Specific Gravity Post Cure, C ( F) Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A Specific Gravity Heat Age, C ( F) Tensile, psi Elongation, % Modulus %, psi Hardness, Type A, pts Tensile Change % - Elongation Change % Modulus Change % Hardness Change, pts - - Compression Set %, C,.' O-ring, ASTM Press Cure Post Cure Note:, and N in phr

23 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Product Numbering System Codes M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Series st Digit rd Digit Prefix Characters FC FT FLS th Digit nd Digit Code Property Prefix Characters Represents Fluorine Content (FC:. to.% F; FT:. to.% FLS:% F and above; FX: Precommercial product) st Digit Always nd Digit Distinguishes cure type (even numbers raw gum; odd numbers incorporated cure) rd Digit Mooney Viscosity range [ML º C] ( = to ; = to ; = to ; = to ; = to ; = to ; = to ; = to ; = to ; = and above) th Digit Sequential number: (-) Notes: FC-, FC-, FC-, FC-, FC-, FC-, FC-, FC- and FLS- do not conform to this system. The products were introduced prior to the development of the current numbering system. M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Series st Digit rd Digit Prefix Characters FE FG - Q - Q Suffix Characters nd Digit th Digit Code Prefix Characters st and nd Digit rd Digit Property "FE or "FG" Represents Fluorine Content ( =. to.% F; =. to,% F; =.% F and above) Mooney Viscosity range [ML º C] ( = to ; = to ; = to ; = to ; = to ; = to ; = to ; = to ; = to ; = and above) th Digit Sequential number: (-) Suffix Digit Always a letter, such as Q, for precommercial product grades. Letter drops when product is fully commercialized.

24 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Compounding for O-Ring Applications Simple parts such as O-rings can be made via injection or compression molding. Polymer Selection: Polymer with high crosslink density (low compression set) Polymer must have good mold release characteristics Filler Selection: Black or non-black MT Black and Austin Black yield best compression set resistance FE Products Compared to FC Products Cleaner running Better flow Excellent mold release Improved scorch higher molding temperatures > C ( F) More consistent cycle-to-cycle part dimensions Suggested O-Ring Polymers: Dipolymers (%F) FC Q. FE. Terpolymers (~%F) - FE Q. FC FC. Lower Mold Shrinkage. FE Q FE FE Q. Faster Cure.. FE FE Q.. Lower Mold Shrinkage FC. FE Q. FC. FE Q. Product Legend A FE Q B ( C)

25 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Compounding for Molded Goods Applications Molded goods are typically parts that require improved mold flow, mold release characteristics and a specific state of cure in the polymer. These parts commonly have complex shapes that may include undercuts or ribbed sections that cause demolding problems, i.e. tearing, if the proper compound is not used. Successful molding techniques consist of injection, transfer or compression molding. Polymer Selection: Polymer with low crosslink density (high elongation) Polymer must have good mold release characteristics Suggested Molded Goods Polymers: Dipolymers (%F) FC FC.. Terpolymers (~%F) - FE Q. Improved metal adhesion Metal adhesion Hot tear Hot tear High Mooney Higher F High fluid resistance - Filler Selection: Black or non-black SRF and HAF blacks yield the best hot tear strength High ratio of to improves tear strength FC FC FC FLS.... Improve comp. set FE Q. FC FE Products Compared to FC Products Cleaner running Better flow Better release Improved metal adhesion Improved scorch resistance. FE. Product Legend A FE B ( C)

26 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Compounding for Extrusion Processes Compound Considerations: Extrudate surface requirements Configuration of finished part Temperature capabilities of processing equipment (choose process aid that will be effective). Typical Recommendations: Medium to low viscosity gum - phr process aid (DBS/Polyethylene/Wax /RA see Processing Aid Table on page ) Barrel and die temperatures at to C ( to F) FE Products Compared to FC Products Produce smooth extrudates without process aids Can be compounded to pass - C mandrel flex test Suggested Extrusion Formulations O-ring Cord Hose/Tubing M Dyneon FE Q, FE Q - M Dyneon FE Q, FE Q - Magnesium Oxide, Calcium Hydroxide, MT Black (N) - - SRF (N-) - - BaSO or CaCO - - Carnauba Wax Poly AC A - -. Suggested Extrusion Grade Polymers: Dipolymers (%F) FC. FC. Terpolymers (%-%F) - - FX FT..% F Good permeation - resistance to automotive fuels FE..% F Excellent permeation - resistance to automotive fuels FE Q. Product Legend A FE Q B ( C)

27 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Compounding for Calendering Processes Limiting Factors on Compound: Intended end-use of calendered sheet (i.e. die cut gaskets, fabric lamination, sheet stock) Temperature range of calender Thickness of stock Suggested Calendering Formulations PHR Low/Medium Viscosity inc. cure polymer Magnesium Oxide, Calcium Hydroxide, MT Black (N) - Carnauba Wax Polyethylene Compounding for Metal Adhesion Acid Acceptors: Higher levels of metal oxides, e.g., promotes better adhesion. Addition of - phr calcium oxide (CaO) improves adhesion. Fillers: Black/non-black used in fluoroelastomers that do not adversely affect cure speed or aging properties. Process aids are only used if necessary. Recommended Formulations PHR M Dyneon FE, FE Q, FC Magnesium Oxide, Calcium Hydroxide, Calcium Oxide, CaO - MT Black (N) - Higher durometers are harder to bond.

28 M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer Compounding Guide Safety and Toxicology Before processing M Dyneon Fluoroelastomers, read and follow all precautions and directions for use contained in the product label and Safety Data Sheet (SDS). General handling precautions and directions for use include: () Store and use all Dyneon fluoroelastomers only in well ventilated areas; () Do not smoke in areas contaminated with dust from fluoroelastomers; () Avoid eye contact; () After handling Dyneon fluoroelastomers wash any contacted skin with soap and water. Potential hazards, including evolution of toxic vapors, can occur during compounding or processing under excessively high temperature conditions. Appropriate local exhaust ventilation such as vapor extractor units should be installed above compounding or processing equipment. When compounding, be sure to read and follow all precautions and directions for use from other compound ingredient suppliers. References ASTM D: Standard Test Methods for Rubber Products Chemical Analysis ASTM D: Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers Tension ASTM D: Standard Test Method for Rubber Deterioration in an Air Oven ASTM D: Standard Test Method for Evaluating Rubber Property Retraction at Lower Temperatures (TR Test) ASTM D: Standard Test Methods for Rubber O-Rings ASTM D: Standard Test Methods for Rubber Viscosity, Stress Relaxation, and Pre-Vulcanization Characteristics (Mooney Viscometer) ASTM D: Standard Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products ASTM D: Standard Test Method for Rubber Property Durometer Hardness ASTM D: Standard Test Method for Rubber Property Vulcanization Using Rotorless Cure Meters Aerosil is a registered trademark of Evonik Degussa GmbH. Akrochem is a registered trademark of Akrochem Corporation. Albacar is a registered trademark of Minerals Technologies Inc. or its subsidiaries. Austin Black is a registered trademark of Coal Fillers Incorporated. Bayferrox is a registered trademark of Bayer AG, Germany. Cab-O-Sil is a registered trademark of Cabot Corporation. Celite is a trademark of Imerys Minerals California, Inc. Diak is a registered trademark of R.T. Vanderbilt Holding Company, Inc. and/or its respective wholly owned subsidiaries. Dow Corning is a registered trademark of Dow Corning Corporation. Elastomag is a registered trademark of Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties, LLC. General Electric is a trademark of the General Electric Company. HallStar and Maglite are registered trademarks of HallStar Innovations Corp. Huberbrite is a registered trademark of J.M. Huber Corporation. Mapico is a registered trademark of Huntsman. Min-U-Sil is a registered trademark of U.S. Silica Company. Mistron is a registered trademark of Imerys Talc America, Inc. Nyad is a registered trademark of NYCO Minerals, Inc. Stan-tone is a registered trademark of PolyOne Corp. 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