Critical Raw Materials in the Ceramic Sector. Encarna Bou Senior Researcher
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1 Critical Raw Materials in the Ceramic Sector Encarna Bou Senior Researcher
2 Table of Contents ITC Critical raw materials used in the ceramic sector Experience on waste valorisation
3 ITC
4 ITC Instituto de Tecnología Cerámica Private non-profit research institute Aim: To respond to the needs and demands of the Ceramic Industry ITC acts as a partner for ceramic companies: By detecting and solving their particular problems Contributing to the development of the Spanish Ceramic Cluster
5 Ceramic tile cluster Located in Castellón (Comunidad Valenciana, Spain)- 30Km radio 80% of Spanish Ceramic Tile producers 95% of the Spanish Ceramic Tile production
6 Critical raw materials used in the ceramic sector
7 Critical raw materials used in the ceramic sector Critical raw materials are used in the production of frits and pigments Glazes: mixture of different raw materials that is applied on the surface of the ceramic tiles to obtain an impermeable coating Frits: Material used in the production of glazes. Glassy material, prepared by melting (1500ºC) of a mixture of crystalline raw materials
8 Critical raw materials used in the ceramic sector Critical raw materials are used in the production of frits and pigments Pigments: Crystalline materials (host lattice) that contains colorants elements. They are obtained by a calcination process
9 Critical raw materials used in the ceramic sector Critical raw materials identified by the EIP and used in the ceramic sector Production of frits: Borates Magnesite Tungsten Cerium
10 Critical raw materials used in the ceramic sector Critical raw materials identified by the EIP and used in the ceramic sector Production of ceramic pigments: Cobalt Chromium Rare earths: Praseodimium
11 Critical raw materials used in the ceramic sector Interests Valorisation of metal oxides in the production of ceramic pigments Experience with iron and nickel oxides Possibility of using metal oxides with impurities (if they are contained in the pigment) Recovery of critical raw materials from ceramic waste streams: Fluorine Boron Others
12 Experience on waste valorisation
13 Waste valorisation into ceramic products Research lines: In situ recycling Wastes coming from other sectors New ceramic products
14 Waste valorisation into ceramic products In situ recycling Glaze sludges (preparation and glazing processes) into body, engobe and glaze compositions Solid wastes coming from the depuration system of frit production into frit compositions Different types of ceramic production wastes into ceramic tiles for outdoor applications
15 Waste valorisation into ceramic products On going project: LIFE 12 ENV/ES/230-LIVE CERAM is co-funded by the European Commission LIFECERAM Zero-waste in ceramic tile manufacture The project's main objective is to achieve zero-waste in the manufacture of ceramic tiles. The strategy consists of: Developing a new ceramic tile, consisting mainly of waste, for outdoor applications Designing a sustainable process based on dry milling and granulation technologies
16 Waste valorisation into ceramic products Wastes coming from other sectors Marble working wastes in manufacturing ceramic products (body and glaze compositions) Iron waste into ceramic pigments Chromium sludges into ceramic pigments Zinc oxide coming from Zamak into frit compositions Organic wastes (paper, olive, etc.) for brick manufacturing Pulverised fuel ash for ceramic tile production Glass wastes (Hollow glass and TV glass) into ceramic tiles (body and glazes) and bricks
17 Waste valorisation into ceramic products New ceramic products Geopolymers from ceramic wastes Ceramic foam from polishing waste Glass foam from cullet Permeable pavements from fired scraps
18 Thank you / Gracias
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