What is Florida red tide?
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- Stanley Melton
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1
2 Red Tide and You
3 What is Florida red tide? A specific type of Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB), called Karenia brevis or K. brevis. HABs occur around the globe, in both fresh and salt water.
4 Karenia brevis Microscopic plant-like organism Releases harmful chemicals (brevetoxins) First documented in Florida in 1840 s
5 K. brevis is mobile K. brevis uses it s flagella, or tail, to move up and down the water column. DAY: Cells move towards the sun. The organism creates energy by using it s chloroplasts for photosynthesis. NIGHT: Cells disperse downward without actively swimming.
6 K. brevis is a complex organism K. brevis has 20 times the number of unique gene clusters as found in the human genome.
7 What causes a red tide bloom? Three conditions are needed for a high concentration of K. brevis cells: 1)biology 2)chemistry 3)physics Photo: P. Schmidt (Charlotte Sun)
8 Biology Karenia brevis cells must be present in the water column. Photo: Anthony Greco (USF)
9 Chemistry Nutrient sources atmospheric inputs dead fish?? river discharge blue green algae deep water sediment (altered from Vargo et al., in prep.)
10 currents or winds Physics
11 Environmental Effects The story of red tide is more than just a fish story
12 Environmental Effects Photo: Douglas R. Clifford Scallops, fish, sea turtles, dolphins, manatees, sea birds the whole marine ecosystem is affected. Photo: Naples News
13 Public Health Effects Two main routes of exposure exist that produce very different symptoms in humans. ingestion inhalation
14 Public Health Effects Ingestion Symptoms of Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning: Gastro-intestinal distress Reversal of hot and cold Headache Chills Muscle weakness
15 Public Health Effects Inhalation Upper airway symptoms: Scratchy throat Watery eyes Coughing Lower airway symptoms (Asthmatics): Chest tightness Wheezing Shortness of breath
16 Economic Effects A recent study of two communities, Ft. Walton and Destin, showed a 29-35% decline in monthly revenues for the restaurant and lodging industries during red tide incidents. (Larkin & Adams, in press)
17 What is being done about red tide? Protecting Public Health Commercially harvested shellfish is safe to eat, due to a diligent monitoring program run by the FL Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS).
18 What is being done about red tide? Protecting Public Health Beach Conditions Report The report is available via the web or by phone and allows beachgoers to decide where to go. START is helping to expand the report to include other coastal counties BEACHES ( )
19 What is being done about red tide? Forecasts The HAB Bulletin allows managers to plan ahead for community impacts.
20 What is being done about red tide? Nutrients NOAA ECOHAB: Karenia Project ( ) What nutrient forms are used by K. brevis in different environments? How much do bacteria and other microscopic organisms contribute to red tides? How much do near-shore, man-made nutrients contribute to red tide blooms?
21 What is being done about red tide? Florida Red Tide Control & Mitigation Grant Program $850 K annually for research focused control or mitigation Peer reviewed, competitive process Twelve research projects recommended for funding for FY 07 08
22 What is being done about red tide? Human Effects NIEHS: Red Tide Toxins, Health Effects, and Exposure Study ( ) What effect do brevetoxins have on: people with asthma (decreased lung function)? people who are occupationally exposed, like lifeguards?
23 What is being done about red tide? Possible Remedies Photo: The David A. Straz Jr. Manatee Hospital at Lowry Park Zoo Brevenal may serve as a therapeutic treatment for marine mammals exposed to red tide toxins.
24 Education Outreach START has developed many print materials to inform the public about red tide. Fact cards Beach report Beach signs Displays
25 Education Outreach HD Documentary Film Guardians of the Gulf produced by the Essential Image Source Foundation For use in aquaria and museum theaters Special movie premier, Sarasota FL Middle school science curriculum
26 What can you do? Be a part of the solution Educate yourself and those around you Learn more at these websites
27 What can you do? Be a part of the solution Support local efforts to reduce coastal pollution and improve water quality Ask your elected officials to help Become a member of S.T.A.R.T.
28
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