Sustainable forest management and chainsaw milling in Central Africa

Transcription

1 IUFRO-FORNESSA 2012 Regional Congress, Nairobi, June 2012 Sustainable forest management and chainsaw milling in Central Africa Guillaume LESCUYER, Paolo Omar CERUTTI, Edouard ESSIANE, Raphaël TSANGA CIFOR Central Africa Regional Office

2 What s domestic timber? Who is concerned? Lumber (sawing, logs) National Production Imports Industrial small-scale Industrial small-scale Consumption x X x x Exports X x X x Different sources for domestic markets: Industrial scraps (not processed with chainsaw) Small-scale exploited timber (chainsaw, mobile saws, ) with legal permits Informal small-scale exploited timber

3 Main characteristics of artisanal timber milling in Central Africa Artisanal milling Industrial Felling permit No (or very rarely) Yes (concessions, council and community forests, timber recovery, etc.) Felling and processing techniques Chainsaw (sometimes mobile saw or pit saw) for felling and processing in the forest; small number of trees per operation Heavy machinery, often in the annual allocated areas (assiettes annuelles de coupe); large number of trees per operation; processing plant Sales Lower-quality sawnwood for national market and neighbouring countries Logs, sawnwood, veneer, plywood, wooden floors, almost exclusively for export Taxes and regulations Largely informal Largely formal

4 Survey protocols Cameroon Congo Gabon DRC CAR Bertoua, Douala, Yaoundé, Limbe, Kumba Brazzavill e, Pointe Noire Libreville Kinshasa Bangui # Outlets # Outlets monitored # Supply routes monitored # Interviews in rural areas Period of survey July 2008 June 2009 Feb-Nov 2009 Sept 2008 Aug 2009 Oct 2008 Sept 2009 Jul Sept 2010

5 Assessment of domestic sale and consumption of sawnwood

6 Annual consumption of sawn wood SAWNWOOD M 3 CAMEROON GABON CONGO DRC CAR (YAOUNDE, (LIBREVILLE) (POINTE- (KINSHASA) (BANGUI) DOUALA, NOIRE, BERTOUA) BRAZZAVILLE) ANNUAL CONSUMPTION ON DOMESTIC MARKET INDUSTRIAL SCRAPS OR SMALL-SCALE PERMITS INFORMAL CHAINSAW MILLING ANNUAL DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA 0,072 0,064 0,069 0,018 0,08 ANNUAL FORMAL PRODUCTION/EXPORT ( )

7 Annual informal exports of sawn wood to neighboring countries m m m m 3

8 The same timber species than those used by industrial logging: the case of Cameroon 100% 90% 80% 70% Pourcentage (%) 60% 50% 40% 30% Domestic sales DFNP DFP Non Certified DFP Certified 20% 10% 0% Ayous/Obéché Sapelli Tali Azobé Iroko

9 Upstreaming the artisanal timber sector Operating ways and socioeconomic local impacts

10 All you need to become a chainsaw miller Country Recovery rate Bolivia 33% Cameroon 34% Ghana 27 40% Guyana 19 44% Kenya 23 30% Uganda 20 25%

11 Not a new activity in Libreville 12 Number of new comers / interviewed sawyers

12 nor in Cameroon 20 Number of new comers / interviewed sawyers

13 Profitability of chainsaw milling

14 Chainsaw milling: Costs distribution

15 Main hurdles (according to chainsaw millers) Gabon Cameroon Congo Administrative hassles 41% 71% 90% Technical (mechanical) problems 17% 13% 55% Difficulty in accessing a legal title 13% 10% 11% Abuse of power (businessmen, client, worker) 10% 41% 5% Lack of infrastructures 8% 11% 20% Relations with customary owners 5% 22% - Lack of capital 3% 7% - Rarity of the resource 2% 11% 3%

16 Secure, legalise, perpetuate the domestic timber sector Food for thoughts

17 Global economic impact Much employment in rural and urban areas Formal and informal revenues: a real contribution to livelihoods (Cameroon) country estimated employment Cameroon 45,000 Ghana 97,000 Guyana 8,000 Liberia 1,500 3,850 (Source: ETFRN News 52, December 2010) Beneficiaries (Cameroon) Sources of revenue Amount (US$/yr) Rural populations Wages; sale of trees; 40 million profits Urban populations Wages; outlets rent; 23 million profits Administration Informal payments 14 million representatives Council Tax 1 million Taxes: a significant loss for the State and the local governments country lost stumpage revenue (US$) Cameroon 13.1 million Gabon 2.4 million Ghana 18.0 million Liberia million (Source: ETFRN News 52, December 2010)

18 Demand side interventions Increase the domestic demand for legal (but more expensive) timber A private demand influenced by the price level instead of quality/legality/sustainability of timber Greening the (domestic) demand mainly through public procurements

19 Increasing legal timber supply Revision of the forest laws Extend timber plantations Reduce the costs of legal production of sawing to reduce the price difference with informal sawn timber Improve the concrete enforcement of the forest law Discussion and negotiation plate-forms at the national scale Real sanctions against corrupted forest officers at all level Economic incentives: financial compensation to decrease corruption (performance-based payment)

20 To know more