Large Valorisation on Sustainability of Steel Structures CASE STUDIES
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1 Large Valorisation on Sustainability of Steel Structures CASE STUDIES June 2014
2 Agenda 12/11/2014 2
3 12/11/2014 3
4 Scope of the study Objective: to compare the environmental quality of the structure of an office building made with different types of structures. Three types of structural systems are analyzed: steel-concrete composite structure concrete structure optimized steel-concrete composite structure (this optimization has been done on the basis of an ECO-Design) 12/11/2014 4
5 Definition of the building Surface of the building plan: 42x24 m Number of levels in the superstructure (excluding ground floor): 8 levels Located in Paris 42 m 5 m Offices Nord Offices West Offices Est Meeting Room1 WC 1 WC 2 Meeting Room 2 24 m Circulation m Offices South 6 m 12/11/ m
6 Envelope components North/South [m 2 ] West/East [m2] Sum [m2] Walls Glazing Total areas Facade: light steel panels, insulated with 50mmof extruded polystyrene (XPS) Windows: double glazing, parts with solar protection Roof: insulated with 18 cm of expanded polystyrene (EPS) 12/11/2014 6
7 Occupancy & Systems Office building type Heating & cooling: split system Mechanical ventilation with a heat recovery system DHW system : electrical boiler 12/11/2014 7
8 Structural scenario Steel & concrete Composite structure Composite cellular beams in steel S355 Steel Deck COFRA+60 with 15 cm of concrete (C30/37) Stabilisation by central concrete core (C30/37) Concrete structure Steel reinforced concrete for the beams and columns (C30/37) Prefabricated hollow core slab (C30/37) Stabilisation by central concrete core (C30/37) 12/11/2014 8
9 Structural scenario Eco-optimised Steel & concrete Composite structure Composite cellular beams in steel S460 Steel Deck COFRA+60 with 15 cm of concrete (C30/37) Stabilisation by steel bracing core (steel S460) 12/11/2014 9
10 Superstructure of the office building Structural component Variant 1 Composite structure Variant 2 Concrete structure Variant 3 Eco-optimisedComposite structure Main elements t of steel sections 1199 t of concrete t of steel sections Steel plate connections t / t Steel reinforcement / 59.1 t / Concrete core Concrete C30/ t Steel rebars t Concrete C30/ t Steel rebars t Steel core / / / Steel sections t Steel plate connections t 12/11/
11 Floor slab of the office building Variant 3 Structural Variant 1 Variant 2 Eco-optimisedComposite component Composite structure Concrete structure structure Steel elements Cofraplus 60 : 70.6 t / Cofraplus 60 : 70.6 t Total depth 150 mm 240 mm + 70mm of screed 150mm Concrete floor 2246 t 4688 t 2246 t Steel rebars t t t 12/11/
12 Transport Transport of Steel : Total weight : t Transport : 500 km by regular trucks Transport of Concrete : Total weight : 4676 t Transport : 50km by mixer trucks 12/11/
13 Global results of the office building (steel S355) The use phase (module B) accounts for about 90% of the global GWP impact, for any type of structure 12/11/
14 Results : steel S460 vsconcrete structure GWP impacts % + 82% +82% S460 Concrete S460 Concrete S460 Concrete S460 Concrete S460 Concrete Module A Module C Module D Total A to C Total A to D Beams Columns Plates connections Reinforcement Floor sheets Concrete of structure Concrete slabs Envelope Transport 12/11/
15 Results : conclusions Exploitation and activity of buildings represent a large part of the environmental footprint. So, effective façade systems can strongly optimize the LCA of the building. But this is independent of the structural system. Composite Structures made of hot rolled sections are more sustainable than concreteone, even without taking into account the recycling. Thanks to the recyclingof material at the End of Life, the difference between steel and concrete solution increases (about 82%) Minimizing the use of material by using High Strength Steel is beneficial for the environment. 12/11/
16 12/11/
17 Definition of the building 12m A1 A3 A2 A4 9.2m 4 apartments of 55m² net floor area, equally arranged over 2 floors. Located in Timisoara 12/11/
18 Envelope components North/South [m 2 ] West/East [m 2 ] Sum [m 2 ] Walls Glazing Total areas Facade : light steel panels, insulated with 120mm of rockwool Windows : double glazing & Aluminium framing Roof : insulated with 18 cm of expanded polystyrene 12/11/
19 Occupancy & Systems Residential building type Heating system : a gas fuel heater No cooling system No mechanical ventilation DHW system : electrical boiler 12/11/
20 Base floor & Structure of the dwelling Suspended base floor, of 0.2m thick made of reinforced concrete (0.7t of rebars) Light steel framing included in the facade & roof component = no additional steel structural elements 12/11/
21 Transport Transport of Steel : Total weight : 1.6 tons (Rebars) Transport : Average European transportation for steel, for 1 t on average European distance Transport of Concrete : Total weight : 52 tons (Base floor) Transport : 30km by mixer trucks 12/11/
22 Global results of the CasaBuna dwelling The use phase (module B) accounts for about 99% of the global GWP impact 12/11/
23 Heating consumptions 12/11/
24 Results : materials impacts The envelope materials accounts for 79% of the total GWP impact of the product & process stage (module A) 12/11/
25 Results : conclusions Use phase (Module B) of residential buildings represents nearly all the environmental footprint. The structural system is nearly neglectable. So, effective façade systems can strongly optimize the Life cycle assessment of the building 12/11/
26 12/11/
27 Scope of the study Compare thelca of an industrial building, based on 2 different structural systems: Pinned-base portal frame, composed of hot rolled profiles Rigid-base columns, pinned girder, composed of reinforced concrete columns & girder 12/11/
28 Definition of the building 900m² industrial hall Located in Paris 12/11/
29 Envelope components Facade : 80mm PUR sandwich panels Energetic variant : 200mm PUR sandwich panels Windows : double glazing & Aluminium framing Roof : Waterproof membranes insulation with 140mm of mineral wool 12/11/
30 Base floor industrial hall Structural component Base floor Variant 1 Steel frame S235 Variant 2 Steel frame S460 Concrete: kg Rebars: 14.4 t Variant 3 Concrete frame 12/11/
31 Occupancy & Systems Industrial building type Heating system : a gas fuel heater No cooling system No mechanical ventilation No DHW system 12/11/
32 Structure industrial hall Structural component Variant 1 Steel frame S235 Variant 2 Steel frame S460 Girder IPE 450 (6.88t) IPE 330 (4.33 t) Columns Primary : IPE400 Secondary : HEA480 (4.17 t) Primary : IPE400 Secondary : HEA480 (4.17 t) Variant 3 Concrete frame Precast concrete unit T80 (34.19 t) Reinforcement BSt kg/m³ (2.93 t) Concrete section 0.4x0.4m C30/37 (30.12 t) Reinforcement BSt kg/m³ (1.38 t) Bolts 43 kg / Plate connections 336 kg / 12/11/
33 Transport Transport of Steel : Total weight : 26 tons of Beams + Columns + Connections elements Transport : Average European transportation for steel, for 1t on average European distance Transport of Concrete : Total weight : 425 tons of Beams + Columns Transport : 30 km by mixer trucks 12/11/
34 Global results of the industrial hall Use phase (Module B) accounts for about 99% of the global GWP impact, for any type of structure industrial hall 12/11/
35 Results : steel structures GWP impacts (tco2-eq) Comparison of the GWP impacts of the steel structural system with S235 vs S460 the envelope materials accounts for 56% of the total GWP impact The envelopematerials accounts for 56% of the total GWP impact of the product & process stage (module A) Steel S235 Steel S460 Steel S235 Steel S460 Steel S235 Steel S460 Module A Module A Module C Module C Module D Module D Envelope Transport Concrete floors Rebars Steel elements 12/11/
36 GWP impacts (tco2-eq) Results : steel structures tco 2 eq -22% GWP impacts of the steelstructural system withs235 vs S tco 2 eq Increasing the steel grade allows a total weight reduction of 2.3 tons of steel structural elements and reducing 22% of tco 2 eq for the module A of structural system -2 S235 S460 S235 S460 S235 S460 S235 S460 S235 S460 Module A Module C Module D Tot A to C Tot A to D Steel elements 12/11/
37 Results : Module D of steel S460 structure Module D (Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary) of the S460 case study has a total GWP impact of: t CO 2 eq Highlight of the benefits of the recycled materials within the envelope elements: light steel framing elements in facade components and steel sheet in the roof 12/11/
38 Results : concrete structure Module A: total GWP impact = 183 tco 2 eq Total GWP impacts due to the structural system = 80 tco 2 eq, with 40% due to the floor concrete. 12/11/
39 Results : steel vs concrete structure GWP impacts GWP impacts (tco2-eq) Concrete solution: increasing of 47% of GWP in tco 2 eq from modules A to D 0-2 S460 Concrete S460 Concrete S460 Concrete S460 Concrete S460 Concrete Module A Module C Module D Tot A to C Tot A to D Transport Concrete elements Rebars elements Steel elements 12/11/
40 Environmental benefits due to increase of the insulation thickness 80 mm 200 mm Easy with AMECO3 : user-friendly software Use phase (module B): net saving of 888 tco 2 -eq Product & process stage (module A) : increase of 13 tco 2 eq, due to the extra amount of insulation Compared to the energy consumption reduction, this is negligible, highlighting the interest of improving the energy efficiency of a building. 12/11/
41 Results : conclusions Exploitation and activity of buildings represent a large part of the environmental footprint. So, effective façade systems can strongly optimize the LCA of the building Steel Structures made of hot rolled sections are more sustainable than concreteone, even without taking into account the recycling. Thanks to the recyclingof materials at the End of Life (infinite recycling of steel and valorization of crushed concrete), the difference between steel and concrete solution increases Minimizing the use of material by using High Strength Steel is beneficial for the environment. 12/11/
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