Paladin, Pic-Clor 60, and Pic-Clor 80 (Chloropicrin): Drip- and Shank-applied under Retentive Film for Strawberry Production in California
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1 Paladin, Pic-Clor 60, and Pic-Clor 80 (Chloropicrin): Drip- and Shank-applied under Retentive Film for Strawberry Production in California Mona Othman, Shachaf Dotan, Jonathan Hunzie, and Husein Ajwa University of California Davis, Salinas USDA-Pacific Area-Wide Methyl Bromide Alternatives Program
2 Paladin: a new soil fumigant Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) EPA Registration was granted in 2010 (Arkema and United Phosphorus, Inc.) Applied only under VIF/TIF Used as a flavoring for an onion or garlic taste in some processed cheese and meat ( ppm) Efficacy/formulation??
3 ODOR DMDS (PALADIN ) has a strong, objectionable odor which can be detected at concentrations significantly below the levels that can potentially cause harm. The odor is a garlic-like or natural gas and may be confused with the odor of or propane leak. Minimum tarp removal on the label is 14 days. With VIF/TIF tarps and for odor mitigation, minimum tarp removal is based on soil temp and the plant back chart.
4 Laboratory dose-response studies 80% inhibitory concentration (MIC 80 ) Application rate to control 80% of pathogens population (lbs/ac) Soil fumigant Fusarium Oxysporum Pythium ultimum Rhizoctonia solani Tylenchulus semipenetrans Verticillium dahlia DMDS:Pic (79:21) MBr:Pic (50:50)
5 Yield from Drip Applied Paladin and Pic Treatments in Salinas-September 2011 Marketable yield (g/plant) Total yield (g/plant) Treatments (lbs/acre) Relative to MBr/Pic % Relative to MBr/Pic % Untreated (VIF) Paladin 40 gpa (VIF) Paladin 50 gpa (VIF) Paladin 51 gpa (VIF) Paladin 60 gpa (VIF) PIC (VIF) PIC fb metam (VIF) Pic (Std) PIC fb metam (Std) P value =.001 P value =.001
6 Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of DMDS+chloropicrin and chloropicrin+1,3-d formulations and application rates for strawberry yield and weed control under virtually impermeable films (VIF) and totally impermeable film (TIF).
7 Salina s Research Site Sand 67%, silt 19.25%, clay13.75%, organic matter 1.2%. ph 7.12, average soil temperature 65F. Shank research area each treatment is 3 passes, each pass 11 ft wide and 280 ft long Drip research area each bed is 100 feet long, each treatment 4 beds
8 Materials and Methods Shank treatments were applied on October 15, Drip treatments were applied on November 1, Fumigants were applied under standard tarp (Std), TIF, or VIF.
9 Shank-applied Treatments Treatment lbs/acre Pic + TIF 300 Pic-Clor 60 + TIF 300 Pic-Clor 60 +Standard Film 300 Pic-Clor 80 + TIF 300 Pic-Clor 80 +Standard Film 300 Paladin 70:30 280,345,350 Paladin 65:35 260,383 Paladin 79:21 378,500 Paladin 60: Paladin50: MeBr (57:43) +Standard Film 350
10 Broadcast shank application
11 Drip-applied Treatments Pic-Clor 60 EC TIF 200 Pic-Clor 60 EC STD 300 Pic-Clor 80 EC TIF 200 Pic-Clor 80 EC STD 300 Pic-Clor 60 EC TIF 350 Pic-Clor 60 EC VIF 350 Pic EC TIF 250 Pic EC VIF 250 Paladin 70/30 EC VIF 400 Paladin 70/30 EC VIF 450 Paladin 70/30 EC VIF 500 Paladin 65/35 EC VIF 400 Paladin 65/35 EC VIF 450 Paladin 79/21 EC VIF 478 Paladin 65/35 EC TIF 300 Paladin 65/35 EC TIF 400 Paladin 60/40 EC TIF 300 Paladin 60/40 EC TIF 400 Paladin 50/50 EC TIF 300 Paladin 79/21 EC TIF 383
12 Methods Drip fumigation was done with two drip tapes per bed Beds were tarped with VIF and TIF
13 Methods Strawberry plants (Albion variety) were transplanted four weeks after the applications. November 26, Weed evaluations were made prior to weeding activity throughout the growing season.
14 Fruit harvested weekly and graded as marketable and nonmarketable yield. Methods
15 Diameter (inches) 6 Early Season Plant Diameter under TIF, March No significant difference due to treatment or plastic were found in plant diameter
16 Total Yield (g/plant) Yield from Pic-Clor 60 and Pic-Clor 80 Broadcast shank injection, Salinas, CA P= Untreated MeBr (57:43) +Standard Film Pic + TIF 300lbs Pic-Clor 60 + TIF 300lbs Pic-Clor 60 +Standard Film 300lbs Pic-Clor 80 + TIF 300lbs Pic-Clor 80 +Standard Film 300lbs
17 Total Yield (g/plant) Yields from Paladin broadcast shank injection in Salinas, CA
18 Total Yields from Paladin Drip Application in Salinas, CA 2012 Treatment Plastic Yield (g/plant) Treatment Plastic Yield (g/plant) Control TIF 846 Control VIF 840 Pic EC 250 lbs TIF 1007 Pic EC 250 lbs VIF 965 Pic-Clor 60 EC 350 lbs TIF 985 Pic-Clor 60 EC 350 lbs VIF 1018 Pic-Clor 60 EC 200 lbs TIF 855 Pic-Clor 60 EC 300 lbs std 918 Pic-Clor 80 EC 200 lbs TIF 934 Pic-Clor 80 EC 300 lbs std 952 Paladin 65/35 EC 400 lbs TIF 1075 Paladin 65/35 EC 400 lbs VIF 993 Paladin 79/21 EC 383 lbs TIF 967 Paladin 79/21 EC 478 lbs VIF 1019 Paladin 60/40 EC 400 lbs TIF 1036 Paladin 65/35 EC 450 lbs VIF 1018 Paladin 60/40 EC 300 TIF 998 Paladin 70/30 EC 500 lbs VIF 989 Paladin 50/50 EC 300 lbs TIF 975 Paladin 70/30 EC 450 lbs VIF 1017 Paladin 65/35 EC 300 lbs TIF 952 Paladin 70/30 EC 400 lbs VIF 994 P=.03, due to treatments
19 Selected Weeds in Salinas Annual bluegrass (Poa annua), Lambsquarter (Chenopodium album), Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), Pigweeds (Amaranthus spp).
20 (ct/acre)/ Weed Density from Shank Application Treatments Salinas, CA
21 Weed Density from Drip Application Treatments Salinas, CA 2012 Treatment Plastic Total Weed/Acre (1000) Tratment Plastic Total Weed/Acre (1000) Untreated TIF 39.5 Untreated VIF 50.3 Pic-Clor 60 EC 200 lbs TIF 9.6 Pic-Clor 60 EC 300 lbs Std 24.4 Pic-Clor 80 EC 200 lbs TIF 7.5 Pic-Clor 80 EC 300 lbs Std 18.8 Paladin 65/35 EC 400 lbs TIF 16.6 Paladin 65/35 EC 400 lbs VIF 11.8 Paladin 79/21 EC 383 lbs TIF 12.6 Paladin 79/21 EC 478 lbs VIF 15.1 Paladin 60/40 EC 400 lbs TIF 8.0 Paladin 65/35 EC 450 lbs VIF 16.6 Paladin 60/40 EC 300 TIF 13.6 Paladin 70/30 EC 500 lbs VIF 18.6 Paladin 65/35 EC 300 lbs TIF 14.8 Paladin 70/30 EC 450 lbs VIF 26.6 Paladin 50/50 EC 300 lbs TIF 15.8 Paladin 70/30 EC 400 lbs VIF 26.6
22 Summary No phytotoxicity or plant mortality was observed in any of the treatments. Maximum yields were obtained with Paladin lbs/ac, Paladin lbs/ac, and Paladin lbs/ac. Undergoing research on shank and drip applications.
23 Thank you very much
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