Welcome CQA Developing Standards and Guidelines for Compost Testing. Greg Patterson C.C.A. President A&L Canada Laboratories

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1 Welcome CQA Developing Standards and Guidelines for Compost Testing Greg Patterson C.C.A. President A&L Canada Laboratories

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3 The Need!

4 Quality Assurance and Standardization within the Industry Accreditation and Certification Provincial Federal Industrial Standardization across Municipalities Provinces Countries

5 Composting Council of Canada Compost Quality Alliance Objective of CQA To introduce a voluntary industry quality & reporting program for compost

6 Composting Council of Canada Compost Quality Alliance Purpose Improve Customer Confidence in compost selection and utilization, and Enhance Compost s Position as a mainstream horticultural, agricultural, and retail product. By On-going testing providing assurance to customers that products are tested on an on-going basis Provide End Use Instructions providing educational information to customers, via end-use instructions Goal: Improve field results and user confidence.

7 Composting Council of Canada Compost Quality Alliance Benefits to the Industry To develop a category marketing program based on product quality criteria thereby enhancing the appropriate and trusted use of the compost products offered in the marketplace To establish a workable rule book that will enable the industry to manage itself and reduce the impact of inappropriate individual facility behavior Today s Compliance to the program

8 Objectives of Program Compost Council membership will monitor the quality issue across Canada Continuity of product will be determined by a set of agree to parameters that out line compost quality to the end user A standard set of product descriptions used by all the membership Easy to use and understand product description

9 Development of Protocol Sub committee to develop guidelines for quality parameters using membership input Committee to establish complete protocol on monitoring process Maintain cost effective program that would deliver user friendly marketing of compost

10 Product Description All products would fall into a category of some description

11 COMPOST END USE COMMERCIAL USE Landscaping Potting Soil Greenhouse Soil seeding Greenhouse Soil established Top dressing Home owner use Amendment Home owner use Planting media Field nursery Soil amendment Bulk Agricultural Soil amendment Remediation SALT INDEX PARTICLE SIZE <6 <2 <2 <1/2 <1/2 <1/ <50% <25% <25% <1% <.5% <.5% <1/ <30% <.5% <5 <6 <1/4 <1/ <30% <40% <1% <1% <3.5 <1/ <30% <.5% <3.5 <20 <20 <20 <1/2 <1/2 <1/2 <1/ <50% <1% <20 <1/ ph C/N Moisture %Na <50%

12 ph C/N ratio Moisture Particle size Soluble salts %Na Remediation NA <2 inch <20 <3% Soil Amendment NA <1/2 inch <6 <2% Landscaping <50% <1/2 inch <5 <2% Planting Media <50% <1/2 inch <4 <2% Turf Topdressing & establishment <50% <3/8 inch <3 <1% Potting Soil <50% <1/4 inch <2 <1% USE

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14 Compost stability

15 Understanding Plant Nutrient Requirements Potting Mix C:N 22.6

16 Understanding Sodium Levels in Compost

17 Heavy metal vs micro-nutrient Heavy metal Cadmium Chromium Mercury Lead Cobalt Selenium Micro-nutrient Boron Copper Iron Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Zinc More Research required

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20 A&L Handbook for interpretation of compost quality and intended use

21 Micronutrient optimum levels

22 An Industry In Crisis Sulfur, Copper Manganese, Potassium

23 Roundup Ready Gene [Greatly expanded usage of glyphosate] Confers tolerance to glyphosate Alternate metabolic pathway introduced Slows down some physiologic processes Provided selective herbicidal activity There are several modifiers possible Changes physiology of the plant (N metabolism) Incomplete protection of meristematic and reproductive tissues - depends on: Time of application Method of application Crop species Often causes a Yield Drag Mis-shaped cotton boll from glyphosate Normal Glyphosate

24 Some Microbial Interactions with Glyphosate Changes the soil microbial balance Toxic to beneficial organisms: - Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium - Inhibits N-fixation - Mn reducing organisms (Biocontrol) Root nodules reduced - Trichoderma spp, Bacillus spp with glyphosate - Mychorrhizae - Glomus mossea - Zn, P uptake Manganese Availability Stimulates: ph 5.2 to ph Mn oxidizing organisms Rhizosphere biology - Fusarium, other fungi Mn oxidizers from soil - K sink immobilization Fungal Mn oxidation in soil Increases pathogens: Control Glyphosate

25 REPORTED EFFECTS OF GLYPHOSATE Reduced Mn & Fe uptake* uptake Normal corn Glyphosate resistant corn Root & foliage [K reduced also) Immobilization of Mn* Mn Mn Deficient Sufficient Translocation Reduced physiological efficiency Reduced root nodulation & N-fixation* N-fixation Soil Microflora changes - Root exudates Normal soybean Glyphosate resistant soybean Stimulatory to Fusaria, oxidizers, etc. Toxic to manganese reducers and Rhizobium Increased drought stress* stress Earlier maturity* Interaction with some diseases* 0 Effect of the glyphosate resistance gene on Mn *Can be modified by Mn or other micronutrient application uptake efficiency

26 Some Diseases Increased by Glyphosate Host plant Disease Pathogen Apple Banana Barley Beans Bean Bean Canola Canola Citrus Cotton Cotton Cotton Grape Melon Soybeans Soybeans Soybeans Sugarcane Tomato Various Weeds Wheat Wheat Wheat Wheat Wheat Canker Panama Root rot Root rot Damping off Root rot Crown rot Wilt (New) CVC Damping off Bunchy top Wilt Black goo Root rot Root rot Target spot SDS Decline Wilt (New) Canker Biocontrol Bare patch Glume blotch Root rot Head scab Take-all Botryosphaeria dothidea Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Magnaporthe grisea Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli Pythium spp. Thielaviopsis bassicola Fusarium spp. Fusarium oxysporum, F. avenaceum Xylella fastidiosa Pythium spp. Manganese deficiency Fusarium scab F. oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum Phaeomoniella chlamydospora Monosporascus cannonbalus Corynespora cassicola Corynespora cassicola Fusarium solani f.sp. glycines Marasmius spp. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi Phytophthora spp. Myrothecium verucaria Rhizoctonia solani Septoria spp. Fusarium spp. Fusarium graminearum Gaeumannomyces graminis Take-all root rot

27 Biological Advantages MYCORRHIZA - stimulates increase numbers of beneficial fungi in soils that aid in the uptake of nutrients HUMIC SUBSTANCES - humic substances contained in certain compost increase microbial activity and may depress resident (root) pathogenic fungi Suppression of soil pathogens?????

28 The Rhizosphere: An important place for possible glyphosate toxicity 28 After Romheld, 2007

29 The Rhizosphere: An important place for possible glyphosate toxicity 29 After Romheld, 2007

30 Glyphosate Gene Effect on Mn Uptake Soybean micronutrient concentrations Corn micronutrient concentrations Mn Efficiency of Isogenic soybeans - after Gordon, 2007 Isoline: Mn applied KS4202 KS4202 RR Yield Tissue Mn Yield Tissue Mn (lb./a) (bu/a) (ppm) (bu/a) (ppm) * Difference compared with 0 Mn of normal Difference* Yield Tissue Mn (bu/a) (ppm)

31 Residual Chelation Effect of Glyphosate on Mn PPM Mn in tissue Low Mn soil Mn sufficient soil 30 0 None - 4 days Same time + 4 days +9 days Time Mn Applied Relative to Glyphosate (UltraMax )

32 An Industry In Crisis Opportunity

33 Summary Program designed to ensure product performance and continuity across Canada Self regulated within the industry Quality assurance to assure the end user of consistent product performance Standardization within the industry with end use in mind

34 Thank You Visit our web site

35 Degree of stability