RUMAKI SEASCAPE PROGRAMME
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1 RUMAKI SEASCAPE PROGRAMME COLLABORATIVE & COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT & LIVELIHOODS DEVELOPMENT IN RUFIJI, MAFIA & KILWA DISTRICTS, TANZANIA BY J. RUBENS, M. MEDARD & KHAMIS JUMA ESA Fish Workshop, Tanzania, 14 to 17 March 2006
2 EAME Priority Seascapes - Tanzania Kilwa Kivinje
3 Kilindoni Mafia Mohoro Somanga Jaja Songosongo Island Rufiji-Mafia-Kilwa Seascape Total area = approx.9,500 km 2 Kilwa Kivinje
4 Rufiji District (42,615) Mafia District (40,312) Rufiji-Mafia-Kilwa Seascape Kilwa District (54,312) Total coastal popn = 137,728
5 Exceptional seascape resources: CORAL REEF BIODIVERSITY >270 species
6 Exceptional seascape resources: MANGROVES ABOUT 9 SPECIES SEAGRASSES 12 SPECIES
7 Exceptional seascape resources: FISHERIES >350 species
8 Exceptional seascape resources: THREATENED SPECIES (Turtle about 2 species)?
9 Major Issues in Fisheries 1. Destructive fishing 2. Organized coastal communities 3. Extension & staffing 4. Trawler/fisher conflict 5. Commercial/ export fisheries 6. Productivity & no-take zones 7. Artisanal fishers restricted to shallow water fishing grounds 8. Availability of data for management
10 Other emerging Issues 1. Oil & gas exploration/ extraction 2. Tourism development 3. Transport & communications infrastructure
11 Livelihood Alternatives 1. Mangrove cutting 2. Curio collections 3. Mari-culture 4. Coral mining 6 Hand craft making 5. Bee keeping 8. Fishing 7.Subsistence Farming
12 Major Issues: Threatened marine species
13 WWF/RUMAKI SEASCAPE PROGRAM VPO - NEMC (ICMU) Mafia District Rufiji District Kilwa District MPRU & MIMP Coastal communities MNRT: Fisheries, Wildlife & Forest Divs Private sector, NGOs, donors & research instit
14 PROGRAMME GOAL: Improved socio-economic wellbeing of coastal RUFIJI-MAFIA- KILWA communities through sustainable, participatory and equitable utilization and protection of their natural resources
15 OUTPUT 1 COLLABORATIVE ENGAGEMENT Collaborative engagement strengthened between District authorities and other stakeholders, resulting in improved planning for collaborative coastal and marine resources management and active participation in implementation of relevant management initiatives. EG: Establishing private sector forum to identify obstacles to investment
16 Lessons from L. Victoria and Tanga Coastal Zone Mgt Projects Engagement of stakeholders in CFM eg. National level Monitoring & Eval Involvement/formation of local mgt bodies Clarity on Functions, roles and Responsibilities Clear local magt bodies structure LMBs & relation to existing structures Legal backingb Membership Sustainable Sources of funds Operational area/boundaries Roles of other stakeholders: FD, LGA, RIs, NGOs, CBOs
17 OUTPUT 2: COMMUNICATIONS, AWARENESS & EDUCATION Knowledge shared, awareness raised and capacity strengthened amongst stakeholders on issues relating to sustainable management of marine & coastal resources. School competitions School field trips EE materials
18 Output 3: IMPROVED LIVELIHOODS Environment for small & medium-scale enterprise improved through better access to micro-credit and market information, and demand-led capacity-building in entrepreneurship, financial management and technical skills to diversify income sources; Enterprise training Gear exchange mechanisms Savings & credit schemes SACCOS Promote offshore fishing - FADs
19 Promoting Sustainable Mariculture Seaweed Pearl Oysters Fish culture
20 Promoting fisheries groups 20 groups registered as small scale fisheries group per se and others are in the process to do so Coming from villages within the park About 108 people are involved Other groups/institutions 4 Environmental awareness groups VEC and VLC-in each village within the park work closely with MIMP Generally WWF/MIMP promotes formation of group organizations in the overall process of empowering the coastal communities
21 Output 4: HABITAT & SPECIES PROTECTION Protection of habitats and species against critical threats and control of destructive activities improved through collaborative initiatives. Enforcement against destructive fishing (MIMP&VEC) Species protection working with local NGOs eg Seasense
22 Output 5: MONITORING FOR MANAGEMENT Improved capability for natural resources management decision-making within RUMAKI Districts, MIMP and communities, through strengthening sustainable data gathering and information management systems
23 Some challenges Livelihood initiatives are perceived as exit strategies to fisheries-plans to eliminate the local communities from fishing Lack of participation by other community in ensuring sustainable fisheries and resource use Un acceptance of MPAs as a sustainable resource mgt tools by some community members
24 Some challenges cont. Adaptation of some livelihood practices-that requires high technology is difficult (change of culture) Social cultural factors-(rooted deeply in the society not easy to change, takes time) Poor fishing gears/technology leads to inefficiency and inability to explore offshore resources Increasing fisheries DD and marine products in both local and International trade Community fear in taking loans-to improve their livelihoods
25 Challenges cont Un-compliance to the laws and regulations-others feel that those who do not comply benefit from livelihoods which they should not Un able to make community bylaws regarding access and general resource use Illegal fishing activities-by commercial fishers and traders from other parts of the country-e.g Dar Es Salaam
26 Lessons It is expensive process involving -capacity building, research studies, provision of inputs/gears, trials and pilot studies It is slow process (social change) that involves -capacity building-training, exchange visit program etc Involvement of other sectors-cooperatives, credit and financing institutions, Government (local government administration)-multisectorial approaches
27 Lessons cont Involvement of other household members-is important for the knowledge and practice to be transferred and avoid conflicts Much more viable & sustainable if local/available resources are considered Saving culture is still low More training is needed and should be ongoing process: saving culture, capital and expenditures,
28
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