SOIL COLUMN STUDY WITH POLYMER GEL
|
|
- Heather Shields
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SOIL COLUMN STUDY WITH POLYMER GEL FINAL REPORT Submitted to USDA WATER MANAGEMENT INTERNSHIP PROGRAM MAY 15, 2013 NAME: JAIDEEP CHOWDHURY UNVIERSITY NAME: CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, FRESNO TIME PERIOD: January - May 2013 ADVISOR S NAME: PATRICK BARNES ORGANIZATION: CALIFORNIA WATER INSTITUTE, CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, FRESNO
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMNTS 2 2. INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE RESEARCH MOTIVATION PREVIOUS EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS HYDROGEL 6 7. MATERIALS AND METHODS DARCY S LAW RESULTS CONCLUSION APPENDIX A
3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no from the USDA National Institute of Good and Agriculture. I would like to thank my advisor Patrick Barnes for constant guidance throughout the internship and providing equipment and laboratory needed for the internship. Whenever I was stuck or needed help, Patrick Barnes was there. Additionally, I would like to acknowledge other researchers at the Center for Irrigation Technology and California Water Institute for proper guidance. Special thank goes to University Enterprise Corporation at California State University, San Bernardino, for their support. 2
4 INTRODUCTION California Water Institute at California State University, Fresno conducts a study to explore the influence of the liquid and dry particle gel on hydraulic conductivity in the soil domain. The trials were conducted on one soil type (Center for Irrigation Technology sandy loam) in the columns at three different depths of 6,9, and 12 inches below the soil surface of the column. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the hydrogel products on hydraulic conductivity and in the soil domain and under soil wetting through flow under a constant pressure head. RESEARCH MOTIVATION Over irrigation, soil salinization and leaching of nitrate into groundwater continue to be issues of great concern in the San Joaquin Valley. It is estimated that roughly 80 lb. /N/acre/year leach into the groundwater (Harter 2009) in irrigated lands in California. This has led to a continued interest in developing agronomic practices and products that can improve crop water use efficiency and optimize nutrient uptake, which includes the development of polymers to improve water and nutrient retention in the root zone of a crop. However, a lack of research on the viability of these products highlights the need for continued investigation in the lab and at the field scale. A recent study at CSUF have been completed a preliminary trial to evaluate the use of a polymer gel and its effect on yield of fresh tomatoes under drip irrigation. The results of this 3
5 study prompted us to conduct another experiment in the laboratory to observe the effects of these polymers on hydraulic conductivity in the soil at varying depths of product application. PREVIOUS EXPERIMENT AND RESULTS The experimental trial was conducted in a field site. The size of the study area was approximately 16,900 square feet and contained largely sandy loam soils. The field was divided into 36 plots split evenly between control and treated plots with an additional three control plots that received no fertilizer. The control plots received the same rates of irrigation water and fertilizer but without any gel applied. A total of twelve treatment combinations were employed in this study where irrigation amounts to account for 100 and 75 percent evapotranspiration (ET) were paired with 200 and 150 lbs/acre rates of fertilizer respectively. The plot layout describing different irrigation and fertilizer treatments are shown in Figure 1,where F1 = 200 lbs/acre N, F 2 = 150 lbs/acre N, E 1 =100% ET, E 2 =75% ET, C=Control (no gel), T 1 = 30 kg/acre of polymer gel, and T 2 =10 kg/acre 4
6 West 30 ft 20 ft 30 ft 20 ft 30 ft 130 ft North 130 ft 10 ft 10 ft 10 ft 10 ft 10 ft 10 ft 10 ft 10 ft 10 ft 10 ft 10 ft 10 ft 10 ft T 1 E 1 F 1 1 CE 2 F 1 1 T 1 E 2 F 1 2 T 1 E 1 F 1 2 T 2 E 2 F 1 1 T 1 E 1 F 2 2 T 2 E 1 F 1 1 CE 2 F 1 2 T 1 E 1 F 2 1 CE 1 F 2 2 CE 2 F 1 3 T 2 E 2 F 1 3 Buffer: to be planted but without any moasis Product Buffer: to be planted but without any moasis Product T 2 E 1 F 2 1 T 1 E 2 F 2 2 CE 1 F 1 1 T 1 E 2 F 2 3 T 1 E 2 F 1 3 CE 1 F 2 1 E 1 E 2 T 1 E 1 F 2 3 T 2 E 2 F 2 3 CE 1 F 2 3 T 2 E 1 F 2 2 T 1 E 2 F 2 1 CE 2 F 2 2 Buffer: to be planted but without any moasis Product Buffer: to be planted but without any moasis Product CE 1 F 1 2 CE 2 F 2 3 T 2 E 2 F 2 2 CE 1 F 1 3 CE 2 F 2 1 T 1 E 1 F 1 3 T 2 E 1 F 1 3 T 1 E 2 F 1 1 T 2 E 1 F 1 2 T 2 E 1 F 2 3 T 2 E 2 F 1 2 T 2 E 2 F 2 1 Figure 1 : Plot Layout describing different irrigation and fertilizer treatments F 1 = 200 lbs/acre N, F 2 = 150 lbs/acre N, E 1 = 100% ET, E 2 = 75% ET, C = Control (no gel), T 1 = 30 kg/acre ofpolymer gel, and T 2 = 10 kg/acre The harvested tomatoes were graded into red, breaker, diseased, and non-marketable varieties. All the data were processed using Microsoft Excel for tabulation and graphing purposes. Because some trends were observed, a paired t-test was utilized to determine if the differences in the parameters of interest were statistically significant. The findings are as follows: 1. When the raw biomass of all tomatoes was totaled, the treated plots showed a greater weight for green, breakers, disease and non-marketable fruits (Figure 3). 2. Increases in weight of green tomatoes reached 52% and 35% at 30 and 10kg/acre of gel respectively with 100% ET and 200 lbs/acre N (Table 2). These differences decreased to -70% and 2% when 150 lbs/acre N was used. 3. For both treated and control plots, non-marketable tomatoes were produced in the largest numbers. Despite this, average of extrapolated yields for all treatments (Table 4) was 5
7 above the average in California for Fresh Market Tomatoes of 12.5 tons/acre in 1999 (source: 4. Two Pair t-test results: a. A statistically significant decrease in count and weight of green tomatoes was observed at 100% ET and 150 lbs/acre N with 30 kg/acre of gel applied. b. A statistically significant decrease in the number of green tomatoes was observed at 75% ET and 150 lbs/acre N with 10 kg/acre of gel applied. c. A statistically significant increase in the number and weight of diseased tomatoes was observed at 100% ET and 150 and 200 lbs/acre N for both gel treatments d. A significant increase in the weight of non marketables was also observed at 100% ET and 200 lb/acre with 10 kg/acre of gel applied. 5. Recorded plant data from six plants in each experimental plot show consistently greater height and width in the treated plots at 100%ET/200lbs/acre N and 75% ET/150 lbs/acre N (Figures 12-13, 18-19). HYDROGEL Hydrogel is a network polymer chains that are water-insoluble, sometimes found as a colloidal gel in which water is the dispersion medium. Hydrogels are superabsorbent (they can contain over 99% water) natural or synthetic polymers. Water absorbing polymers which are cross-linked are often classified as hydrogels. Hydrogels absorb aqueous solutions through hydrogen bonding with water molecules. A Super Absorbent polymers ability to absorb water is a factor of the ionic concentration of the aqueous solution. 6
8 MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 18 soil columns (height: 24 in., diameter: 4.5 in.) were used to test one soil type (CIT sandy loam) and a number of polymer gel product applications. The chunks of the collected soil needed to be grinded into fine particles and transferred in foil containers for drying. Each container was kept within a dryer for hours till the soil gets dried completely.the columns were filled with the dried soil and it was made sure that the soil was packed tightly within the columns. These columns were used to create three replicates of each treatment. These treatments included three control columns where no product was applied and three columns each with dry gel applied at 6, 9, and 12 inches below the surface. For the liquid gel, the product was applied at depths of 6 and 12 inches. Application rates were grams/column or 10 kg/acre for the dry gel and 0.26 grams/column or 100 liters/acre of the liquid gel (based on the density of the product). Before applying the product, 30 ml of water was added to each column to wet the application site s surface area uniformly. For the liquid gel, 15 ml was mixed with the product to add it to the column while an additional 5 ml was used to thoroughly rinse each vial and apply the remaining product. To ascertain the water discharge rate, records were kept of the volume of water that left the system every 24 hours (shown in Table A). Two tanks were used to provide the columns with water. Both tanks were located at an identical fixed elevation above the columns to supply a constant pressure head to the columns below. Darcy s Law was used to convert the flow rates into hydraulic conductivity values shown in Figures 1 and 2. The data were recorded until the system was able to achieve a steady state of flow (after 34 days). 7
9 The columns setup that is used for our research is shown in Figure 2: Figure 2: Columns Setup 8
10 DARCY S LAW Henri Darcy established empirically that the flux of water through a permeable formulation is proportional to the distance between top and bottom of the soil column. The constant of proportionality is called hydraulic conductivity (K). V=Q/A, V - h and V -1/ L Where Q is flow rate; V is the specific discharge (Darcy velocity); A is total cross-sectional area of material Thus, V= - K( h/ L) and since Q=V*A Hence, Q= -K*A*(( h/ L) K represents a measure of the ability for flow through porous media. Darcy s Law holds for saturated and unsaturated flow, and also steady-state and transient flow. It allows an estimate of: The velocity or flow rate moving within the aquifer The average time of travel from the head of the aquifer to appoint located downstream. Darcy s law provides an accurate description of the flow of ground water in almost all hydro geologic environments. 9
11 RESULTS Each treatment exhibited a difference in saturated hydraulic conductivity over time. This difference was largely a decrease in saturated hydraulic conductivity with product application. On average, only treatment 6D showed an increase in hydraulic conductivity when compared to the control columns. Average percent difference for each treatment is shown in Table B. At a 95 percent confidence interval, based on the Pearson correlation and p-values, we can see that there was not a statistically significant difference between treated and control columns for treatments 6D and 9D. Conversely, for treatments 6L, 12D, and 12L, we can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a statistically significant difference between treated and control columns in each treatment case. CONCLUSION From the results, it can be concluded that there was a significant difference between columns that contained the product and those that did not. However, further studies are required to better ascertain the extent of this difference between application rates. This internship provided an opportunity for research experiences, developing analytical skills and professional development that one needs in industry. In addition, individuals who have background in physical and engineering field with master s degree support the agency research mission. Physical Science Technician with electronics and programming knowledge background provide direct support to the research scientists in completing their scientific research projects. Research Technicians are critical to the completion of many research projects. I am interested in ARS employs professional, administrative and technical employees in Architecture & Engineering, and Program Analysis & Information Technology USDA career path. 10
12 APPENDIX A Table A: Percolation rate values from the soil column trials Percolation rate for varying soil columns over time (ml/day) (± SE) Treatment Day Control 6" - Dry Gel 6" - Liquid Gel 9" - Dry Gel 12" - Dry Gel 12" - Liquid Gel (71.6) 575 (36.3) 376 (232) 634 (151) 835 (387) 499 (88.6) (35.8) 529 (144) 265 (147) 493 (118) 576 (246) 362 (74.1) (44.6) 452 (155) 206 (102) 404 (93.9) 493 (222) 288 (62.1) (38.8) 407 (120) 202 (67.2) 357 (72.5) 461 (219) 256 (43.8) (24.3) 359 (104) 178 (59.3) 298 (58.4) 420 (203) 219 (32.4) (17.6) 353 (92.9) 165 (31.7) 309 (26.4) 397 (182) 223 (26.8) (14.8) 324 (103) 177 (35.5) 272 (51.2) 382 (172) 206 (42.5) (21.2) 346 (76.4) 173 (31.1) 257 (45.5) 366 (156) 217 (27.1) (19.6) 332 (76.2) 187 (39.2) 255 (48.8) 348 (144) 210 (22.6) (17.6) 325 (76.4) 182 (40.3) 245 (47.8) 335 (139) 202 (21.7) (21.7) 303 (73.9) 157 (40.3) 225 (46.2) 319 (118) 192 (19.5) (19.1) 278 (72.4) 144 (36.0) 207 (41.8) 278 (117) 177 (9.20) (13.8) 278 (69.9) 153 (36.3) 212 (41.0) 277 (112) 158 (27.0) (13.3) 285 (69.2) 152 (38.6) 204 (43.7) 278 (114) 200 (19.3) (14.2) 281 (64.6) 158 (31.2) 216 (44.2) 275 (110) 202 (25.4) (11.3) 283 (65.8) 161 (30.3) 216 (41.6) 275 (104) 197 (23.9) (8.8) 281 (66.5) 162 (31.6) 216 (39.7) 268 (102) 195 (23.4) (7.7) 269 (65.1) 146 (34.8) 204 (37.8) 269 (95.8) 183 (20.1) (9.2) 267 (70.7) 141 (35.6) 196 (39.0) 261 (113) 168 (24.2) (6.2) 260 (67.8) 144 (36.4) 192 (38.5) 256 (104) 185 (37.7) (6.3) 259 (61.3) 138 (34.7) 194 (37.3) 246 (103) 191 (37.9) (6.3) 256 (58.8) 141 (34.6) 191 (36.2) 249 (103) 188 (35.3) (16.2) 263 (68.4) 131 (28.0) 170 (36.2) 245 (101) 181 (27.7) (24.2) 271 (71.3) 137 (29.5) 171 (34.8) 259 (116) 181 (28.6) (23.2) 270 (76.1) 137 (34.9) 173 (35.2) 245 (96.5) 177 (29.7) (23.7) 265 (75.4) 136 (29.1) 173 (34.3) 232 (91.5) 167 (28.6) (21.6) 272 (75.9) 137 (33.0) 178 (33.3) 237 (89.7) 172 (30.6) (21.5) 263 (77.0) 128 (30.4) 173 (32.9) 225 (90.4) 163 (29.1) (20.1) 269 (75.8) 144 (35.5) 181 (36.2) 236 (93.5) 176 (28.2) (19.0) 272 (80.8) 144 (31.8) 188 (30.3) 236 (90.6) 174 (29.9) (18.7) 270 (83.3) 134 (34.2) 178 (34.2) 234 (92.3) 168 (33.8) (20.7) 278 (83.4) 141 (30.3) 181 (32.9) 235 (91.5) 170 (32.3) (15.6) 271 (86.6) 127 (33.1) 178 (35.3) 258 (99.9) 167 (34.1) (28.3) 279 (87.8) 133 (34.0) 182 (34.2) 248 (109) 170 (34.6) 11
13 Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity (cm/day) Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity (cm/day) K sat Values in Treated and Control Columns Day Ctrl 6D 6L 9D 12D 12L Figure 3 : Observe K over time in treated and control column for all treatments K sat Values in Treated and Control Columns Day Ctrl Dry gel Avg Liquid Avg Figure 4 : Observed K averages for dry and liquid gel vs. control over time (6-in. and 12-in. depths) 12
14 Q (ml/day) Discharge (Q) Values in Treated and Control Columns Day Ctrl Dry gel Avg Liquid Avg Figure 5 : Observed Q averages for dry and liquid gel vs. control over time (6-in. and 12-in. depths) Table B: Results of statistical test and observed percent difference in K sat t-test: Paired Two Sample for Means (Results) Treatment Pearson Correlation p-value % Reduction in K sat 6D % 6L E % 9D % 12D E % 12L E % 13
Fertilizer Management for Plant Health and Environmental Water Quality Protection
Fertilizer Management for Plant Health and Environmental Water Quality Protection Florida and California are different but we share some problems, and solutions Nitrogen and phosphorus management for horticultural
More informationFertigation management for tomato production in saline soils
Fertigation management for tomato production in saline soils Florence Cassel S., Ph.D. Dave Goorahoo, Ph.D. Prasad Yadavali Center for Irrigation Technology and Plant Science, California State University,
More informationNitrogen BMPs for horticultural crop production Tim Hartz UC Davis
Nitrogen BMPs for horticultural crop production Tim Hartz UC Davis Historically, agronomic N fertilization has been practiced : whatever is necessary to guarantee the ideal crop However, in the not too
More informationUsing Dairy Manure as a Fertilizer Source for Forage Crops. Workgroup. Marsha Campbell Mathews University of California Farm Advisor Stanislaus County
Using Dairy Manure as a Fertilizer Source for Forage Crops Marsha Campbell Mathews University of California Farm Advisor Stanislaus County David Crohn University of California Waste Management Specialist,
More informationEfficient nitrogen fertility and irrigation management in California processing tomato production
Efficient nitrogen fertility and irrigation management in California processing tomato production T.K. Hartz University of California Department of Plant Sciences This publication describes efficient management
More informationLarge Scale Studies. UC Cooperative Extension, Monterey Co
Irrigation Management of Lettuce: Large Scale Studies Michael Cahn and Richard Smith Michael Cahn and Richard Smith UC Cooperative Extension, Monterey Co Saving Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer Water and
More informationVadose Zone Monitoring of Fields Irrigated with Recycled Processing and Municipal Wastewaters.
Vadose Zone Monitoring of Fields Irrigated with Recycled Processing and Municipal Wastewaters. Diganta D. Adhikari *, Dave Goorahoo, and Florence Cassel S. Center for Irrigation Technology, California
More informationTex-121-E, Soil-Lime Testing
Overview Effective dates: August 1999 - July 2002. This method consists of two parts. 'Part I, Compressive Strength Test Methods (Laboratory Mixed)' determines the unconfined compressive strength as an
More informationLID PLANTER BOX MODELING
LID PLANTER BOX MODELING Clear Creek Solutions, Inc., 2010 Low Impact Development (LID) planter boxes are small, urban stormwater mitigation facilities. They are rain gardens in a box. WWHM4 provides the
More informationCOMPARISON OF SOIL PENETRANTS
COMPARISON OF SOIL PENETRANTS Any properly formulated penetrant can only provide a lowering of the evaporation rate of water and allow the water to penetrate the soil and reach field capacity more easily.
More informationIrrigation & Fertilizer Affects on Productivity, Water Use and N Balance in Rice & Maize Cropping Systems in Telangana Region, India
Indo-US AKI Project on Sustainable Water Resources Management Irrigation & Fertilizer Affects on Productivity, Water Use and N Balance in Rice & Maize Cropping Systems in Telangana Region, India Dakshina
More informationAg Water Energy Center at Fresno State
Water Use Efficiency for Grapes and Almonds Presented by the (CIT) California State University, Fresno Ag Water Energy Center at Fresno State The Designers and Managers of the Program: Water and Energy
More informationBiochar Field Trial in San Mateo County, California: Presented to AQWA August 29 th 2016 by Brittani Bohlke & Sara Polgar
Biochar Field Trial in San Mateo County, California: Presented to AQWA August 29 th 2016 by Brittani Bohlke & Sara Polgar What is Biochar? Ancient soil amendment- charcoal Pyrolysis of organic biomass
More informationPEPPERMINT RESPONSE TO NITROGEN FERTILIZER IN CENTRAL OREGON 1. Alan R. Mitchell and Neysa A. Farris. Abstract
PEPPERMINT RESPONSE TO NITROGEN FERTILIZER IN CENTRAL OREGON 1 Alan R. Mitchell and Neysa A. Farris Abstract A nitrogen-fertilizer rate study was conducted for two-years to determine optimum response of
More informationFACTORS AFFECTING CROP NEEDS FOR POTASSIUM WESTERN PERSPECTIVE TERRY A. TINDALL AND DALE WESTERMANN MANAGER OF AGRONOMY J.R
FACTORS AFFECTING CROP NEEDS FOR POTASSIUM WESTERN PERSPECTIVE TERRY A. TINDALL AND DALE WESTERMANN MANAGER OF AGRONOMY J.R. SIMPLOT COMPANY USDA-ARS SOIL SCIENTIST SOIL FACTORS--POTATOES Potassium uptake
More informationLecture 20: Groundwater Introduction
Lecture 20: Groundwater Introduction Key Questions for Groundwater 1. What is an aquifer? 2. What is an unconfined aquifer? 3. What is groundwater recharge? 4. What is porosity? What determines the magnitude
More informationGroundwater. Chapter 10 11/22/2011. I. Importance of groundwater
Groundwater Chapter 10 I. Importance of groundwater A. Groundwater is water found in the pores of soil and sediment, plus narrow fractures in bedrock B. Where is fresh water - 2 % of all water is fresh
More informationApplying Dairy Lagoon Water to Alfalfa
Manure Technical Bulletin Series University of California Cooperative Extension Applying Dairy Lagoon Water to Alfalfa This bulletin discusses use of dairy lagoon water on alfalfa and summarizes a field
More informationThe nitrate contamination concern
Section A The nitrate contamination concern In 1974, the U.S. Congress passed the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). This law required the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to determine the level of contaminants
More informationSOIL TEST N FOR PREDICTING ONION N REQUIREMENTS - AN IDAHO PERSPECTIVE. Brad Brown, University of Idaho Parma Research and Extension Center
SOIL TEST N FOR PREDICTING ONION N REQUIREMENTS - AN IDAHO PERSPECTIVE ABSTRACT Brad Brown, University of Idaho Parma Research and Extension Center Universities in the Pacific Northwest provide N fertilization
More informationArnold Schumann, Kevin Hostler, Kirandeep Mann, Laura Waldo (UF/IFAS, CREC) 3rd UF Water Institute Symposium February 15-16, 2012 Gainesville, FL
Open Hydroponics - Implications for Water and Nutrient Efficiencies and Groundwater Protection under Citrus Production Arnold Schumann, Kevin Hostler, Kirandeep Mann, Laura Waldo (UF/IFAS, CREC) 3rd UF
More informationIrrigation Water Management to Sustain Agriculture in the Desert
300 New Mexico Journal of Science, Vol. 39, Nov. 1999 301 Irrigation Water Management to Sustain Agriculture in the Desert T.W. Sammis and J.G. Mexal 30 Irrigation application requirements of crops and
More informationInterpretation of Soil Moisture Content to Determine Soil Field Capacity and Avoid Over Irrigation in Sandy Soils Using Soil Moisture Measurements
Interpretation of Soil Moisture Content to Determine Soil Field Capacity and Avoid Over Irrigation in Sandy Soils Using Soil Moisture Measurements By: Lincoln Zotarelli, Research Scientist, Michael D.
More informationFertilizing Young Almond Orchards. David Doll UCCE Merced 1/16/2015
Fertilizing Young Almond Orchards David Doll UCCE Merced 1/16/2015 Fertilizing Young Almond Orchards Fertilizing Considerations: What type of fertilizer to apply? How much should be applied? How much should
More informationIowa Senate Natural Resources Committee February 3, 2015
Iowa Senate Natural Resources Committee February 3, 2015 Dr. Matthew Helmers Dean s Professor, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences Professor, Department of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering mhelmers@iastate.edu,
More informationSUSTAINABLE NITROGEN FERTILIZER REGIMES FOR SNAP BEANS IN VIRGINIA
SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN FERTILIZER REGIMES FOR SNAP BEANS IN VIRGINIA Mark S. Reiter 1* 1 Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia
More informationIrrigation Management for Trees and Vines
Irrigation Management for Trees and Vines Louise Ferguson LFerguson@ucdavis.edu Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis Agriculture & Natural Resources University of California Cooperative
More informationUsing Nitrate-N Petiole Sap-Testing for Better Nitrogen Management in Vegetable Crops
Using Nitrate-N Petiole Sap-Testing for Better Nitrogen Management in Vegetable Crops September 2008 Introduction Vegetables have a relatively high nitrogen requirement and at times growers apply too much
More informationAN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE OPTIMAL THICKNESS OF A SAND LAYER IN A SAND FILTER WATER QUALITY STRUCTURE. July 1994
DC WRRC Report No. 178 AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE OPTIMAL THICKNESS OF A SAND LAYER IN A SAND FILTER WATER QUALITY STRUCTURE July 1994 D.C. Water Resources Research Center University of the District
More informationAdapting Irrigated Agriculture to Drought in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Dr. James E. Ayars USDA-ARS SJVASC
Adapting Irrigated Agriculture to Drought in the San Joaquin Valley of California Dr. James E. Ayars USDA-ARS SJVASC Vital Statistics Length - 1239 km Width 402 km Pop. 36,756,666 Economy $1.85 trillion
More informationNutrient Management for Vegetable Production
Nutrient Management for Vegetable Production Richard Smith, Farm Advisor Monterey County Farm Water Quality Planning Project UC Cooperative Extension/ USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Fertilizers
More informationAlternative Systems for Cultivating and Side Dressing Specialty Crops for Improved Nitrogen Use Efficiency
1 An ASABE Meeting Presentation DOI: 10.13031/aim.20162456725 Paper Number: 162456725 Alternative Systems for Cultivating and Side Dressing Specialty Crops for Improved Nitrogen Use Efficiency Mark C.
More informationImproved Fertilizer use Efficiency with Controlled Release Sources on Sandy Soils in South Florida. FDACS Contract
Improved Fertilizer use Efficiency with Controlled Release Sources on Sandy Soils in South Florida FDACS Contract 013960 Task 1: Field Evaluation of CRF Deliverable 1: Report N fertilizer Biomass Efficiency
More informationNITRATE AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN ONION PRODUCTION UNDER DRIP AND FURROW IRRIGATION
NITRATE AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN ONION PRODUCTION UNDER DRIP AND FURROW IRRIGATION Reddy, Steven 1, Neufeld, Jerry 2, Klauzer, Jim 3 1. 2. 3. Extension Educator, University of Idaho Extension, Washington
More informationGroundwater Flow Evaluation and Spatial Geochemical Analysis of the Queen City Aquifer, Texas
Groundwater Flow Evaluation and Spatial Geochemical Analysis of the Queen City Aquifer, Texas Abstract The Queen City Aquifer is a saturated sandstone unit in the coastal plain of East Texas. The goals
More informationImproving Fertilizer Use Efficiency for Horticultural Crops. Tom Obreza and Jerry Sartain Soil and Water Science Dept.
Improving Fertilizer Use Efficiency for Horticultural Crops Tom Obreza and Jerry Sartain Soil and Water Science Dept. Topics Water-soluble vs. controlled-release fertilizers. Fertigation. Foliar fertilization.
More informationEVALUATING WATER REQUIREMENTS OF DEVELOPING WALNUT ORCHARDS IN THE SACRAMENTO VALLEY
EVALUATING WATER REQUIREMENTS OF DEVELOPING WALNUT ORCHARDS IN THE SACRAMENTO VALLEY Allan Fulton ABSTRACT Most of the research on irrigation of walnuts has primarily focused on plant water relations and
More informationManagement of Lettuce. UCCE, Monterey County Tim Hartz and Tom Bottoms, Plant Sciences, UC Davis
Irrigation effects on Nitrogen Management of Lettuce Michael Cahn Richard Smith Barry Farrara Aaron Heinrich Michael Cahn, Richard Smith, Barry Farrara, Aaron Heinrich UCCE, Monterey County Tim Hartz and
More informationEvaluation of Monopotassium Phosphate-Based Starter Fertilizer Solutions for Tomato and Pepper Production in Florida George J.
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences North Florida Research and Education Center Suwannee Valley Evaluation of Monopotassium Phosphate-Based Starter Fertilizer Solutions for Tomato and Pepper Production
More informationUsing Compost and Animal Manure as a Florida BMP on Vegetable Production. Monica Ozores-Hampton, Ph.D.
Using Compost and Animal Manure as a Florida BMP on Vegetable Production Monica Ozores-Hampton, Ph.D. 1 Copyright 2010 by Monica Ozores-Hampton. All rights reserved WHAT IS COMPOSTING? it s a biological
More informationNitrogen Management and Budgeting. Gabriele Ludwig Almond Board of California
Nitrogen Management and Budgeting Gabriele Ludwig Almond Board of California Workshop: Management of Nitrogen in Almonds Patrick Brown, Professor, University of California, Davis Blake Sanden, Farm Advisor
More informationOptimizing Crop Water Use Efficiency with AirJection Irrigation
Optimizing Crop Water Use Efficiency with AirJection Irrigation Dave Goorahoo 1*, Diganta Adhikari 2, Namratha Reddy 3, Florence Cassel S. 4 David Zoldoske 5, Angelo Mazzei 6, and Richard Fannuchi 7. Affiliations:
More informationSugarbeet Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates K.A. Rykbost and R.L. Dovell
K.A. Rykbost and R.L. Dovell Introduction Fertilizer requirements for optimum sugarbeet production in the Klamath Basin have not been extensively evaluated to date. Studies in Malheur County have shown
More informationPhosphorus Update. Addy Elliott Colorado State University Department of Soil and Crop Sciences
Phosphorus Update Addy Elliott Colorado State University Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Phosphorus Application Considerations In order to provide sufficient nutrients to crops while preserving water
More informationLecture 6: Soil Water
6-1 GEOG415 Lecture 6: Soil Water Infiltration Movement of water into soil. Importance? - flood prediction -erosion -agriculture - water resources Infiltration capacity Expressed in the same unit as rainfall
More informationOptimizing Fertilizer Applications on Sugar Beet. Jay Norton Soil Fertility Specialist University of Wyoming
Optimizing Fertilizer Applications on Sugar Beet Jay Norton Soil Fertility Specialist University of Wyoming Objectives Discuss sugar beet nutrient use; Describe fertilizer recommendations and how each
More informationEffects of Dairy Manure Nutrient Management on Shallow Groundwater Nitrate: A Case Study
Paper Number: 01-2192 An ASAE Meeting Presentation Effects of Dairy Manure Nutrient Management on Shallow Groundwater Nitrate: A Case Study Thomas Harter, Ph. D. University of California, 125 Veihmeyer,
More informationWATER SAVINGS FROM CROP RESIDUE MANAGEMENT
Proceedings of the 21 st Annual Central Plains Irrigation Conference, Colby Kansas, February 24-25, 2009 Available from CPIA, 760 N.Thompson, Colby, Kansas WATER SAVINGS FROM CROP RESIDUE MANAGEMENT Norman
More informationEconomics of Irrigation Ending Date for Corn 1
Economics of Irrigation Ending Date for Corn 1 Summary Mahbub Alam 2, Troy J. Dumler, Danny H. Rogers, and Kent Shaw Professor and Extension Specialist, Extension Agricultural Economist, SW Research- Extension
More informationControl of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from California Vineyards by Soil Carbon and Water and its Policy Implications
2001-2006 Mission Kearney Foundation of Soil Science: Soil Carbon and California's Terrestrial Ecosystems Final Report: 2005225, 1/1/2006-12/31/2006 Control of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from California
More informationSoil and tissue testing in organic production
Soil and tissue testing in organic production Soil testing : Understanding the soil test report is half the battle .pdf available at http://vric.ucdavis.edu Should soil test results for an organic field
More informationWatermelon Response to Soluble and Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizers
Watermelon Response to Soluble and Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizers Thomas A. Doerge, Jerome Pier, and Ted McCreary Abstract A field experiment with subsurface drip irrigated watermelon was conducted
More informationWater and Nitrogen BMPs for Tomato and Watermelon: Water Quality and Economics 1
AE503 Water and Nitrogen BMPs for Tomato and Watermelon: Water Quality and Economics 1 Sanjay Shukla, Gregory S. Hendricks, Fritz M. Roka, and Thomas A. Obreza 2 Introduction Rapid movement of nitrogen
More informationSAMPLE FARM Nutrient Management Plan
SAMPLE FARM Nutrient Management Plan General Overall, the nutrient management plan for the farm includes these components: 1) use of poultry litter when soil phosphorus (P) content and timing of application
More informationEnhanced Efficiency Nutrient Management Studies in California on Peppers and Tomatoes Using FŪSN and GAL-Xe Controlled-Release Fertilizers
Enhanced Efficiency Nutrient Management Studies in California on Peppers and Tomatoes Using FŪSN and GAL-Xe Controlled-Release Fertilizers Terry A. Tindall, Ph.D., Director of Agronomy, and Galen Mooso,
More informationAPPENDIX F. Soil Sampling Programs
166 Soil Sampling Programs Soil sampling for laboratory analysis is the only way to determine the levels of plant nutrients in a field and obtain fertilizer recommendations for that field It is also required
More informationFertilizer Management in No- Tillage Cucurbits
Fertilizer Management in No- Tillage Cucurbits Dr. Alan Walters Southern Illinois University No-till is an agricultural technique: --increases the amount of water that infiltrates into the soil --increases
More informationNitrogen Fertilizer Movement in Wheat Production, Yuma
Nitrogen Fertilizer Movement in Wheat Production, Yuma M. J. Duman and B. R. Tickes Introduction Nitrate pollution of groundwater is a growing public concern. Half of our nation's population relies on
More informationRobust Design for a Sustainable Future
Robust Design for a Sustainable Future Solar Desalination for Food and Water Security Dr. Matthew D. Stuber CoFounder and Director WaterFX, Inc. Seminar Outline Introduction to the Problem and Motivation
More informationLab 6 - Pumping Test. Pumping Test. Laboratory 6 HWR 431/
Pumping Test Laboratory 6 HWR 431/531 7-1 Introduction: Aquifer tests are performed to evaluate the capacity of an aquifer to meet municipal or industrial water requirements. Hydraulic characteristics
More informationEvaluation of Compact Bed Geometries for Water, Nutrient, and Economic Efficiency for Drip-Irrigated Tomato and Pepper
Evaluation of Compact Bed Geometries for Water, Nutrient, and Economic Efficiency for Drip-Irrigated Tomato and Pepper Sanjay Shukla Kira Hansen Nathan Holt 1 Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department,
More informationCONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZER A BMP IN TOMATO PRODUCTION. Monica Ozores-Hampton and Luther Carson
CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZER A BMP IN TOMATO PRODUCTION Monica Ozores-Hampton and Luther Carson CAN WE USE CONTROLLED RELEASE FERTILIZERS (CRF) IN TOMATO PRODUCTION? Monica Ozores-Hampton, Eric Simonne,
More informationComparison of BMR Forage Sorghum with Corn Silage for Yield and Quality
On-Farm Research Partnership Comparison of BMR Forage Sorghum with Corn Silage for Yield and Quality Trial Layout and Measurements ----------------2017 Trials---------------- Double cropping with winter
More informationEXAMPLE QUESTIONS NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT CERTIFICATION EXAM
Department of Environmental Science and Technology EXAMPLE QUESTIONS NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT CERTIFICATION EXAM NOTE: The following questions were developed based on several of the knowledge areas for the
More informationIrrigation and Runoff Management. Water Quality for Irrigation. Soil Salinity and Sodicity
Irrigation and Runoff Management Water Quality for Irrigation Soil Salinity and Sodicity Dr. Sharon Benes, Fresno State Franz Niederholzer, UC Farm Advisor fjniederholzer@ucdavis.edu Irrigation and Runoff
More informationNutrient Management in. A presentation to the West Metro Water Alliance
Nutrient Management in Developing and Agricultural Areas A presentation to the West Metro Water Alliance Chris Meehan, P.E. May 25, 2011 Agenda Physical Improvements Planning Improvements How to get it
More informationStormwater Retention Pond Recovery Analysis
Stormwater Retention Pond Recovery Analysis By Nicolas E Andreyev The first in a series of courses on Green Drainage Design www.suncam.com Page 1 of 33 Forward To design a stormwater retention pond, one
More informationStudy on effect of aquaponics farming technique on greenhouse (polyhouse) planted tomatoes.
Study on effect of aquaponics farming technique on greenhouse (polyhouse) ed tomatoes. Introduction: Aquaponics is bio-integrated system that links Aquaculture (fresh water fish farming) and hydroponics
More informationNutrition of Horticultural Crops Measurements for Irrigation. Lincoln Zotarelli Horticultural Sciences Department University of Florida Spring 2015
Nutrition of Horticultural Crops Measurements for Irrigation Lincoln Zotarelli Horticultural Sciences Department University of Florida Spring 2015 Principles of plant nutrition Principle 1. Plants take
More informationEast Maui Watershed Partnership Adapted from Utah State University and University of Wisconsin Ground Water Project Ages 7 th -Adult
INTRODUCTION What is groundwater? Water contained in saturated soil and rock materials below the surface of the earth. It is not NEW water, but is recycled water through the hydraulic cycle. The source
More informationPart B: Phosphorus Loss Potential due to Management Practices and P Source Characteristics
not suffer from such impacts. Surface waters having high water quality may require the implementation of policies and management practices to protect them from deterioration due to excess inputs of nutrients.
More informationTiming of Foliar Applications
Timing of Foliar Applications Crop School Gallatin, Madison/Jefferson, and Broadwater Extension February 27, 2013 by Clain Jones, Extension Soil Fertility Specialist and Kathrin Olson-Rutz, Research Associate
More informationGroundwater Risk Assessment
Groundwater Risk Assessment ELQF - 6 November 2012 Katy Baker Technical Director ARCADIS (UK) Limited Imagine the result Problem definition The importance of the CSM 2 The definition of the problem: 3
More informationPLANT POPULATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION FOR SUBSURFACE DRIP-IRRIGATED ONIONS
PLANT POPULATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION FOR SUBSURFACE DRIP-IRRIGATED ONIONS Clinton C. Shock, Erik B. G. Feibert, and Lamont D. Saunders Malheur Experiment Station Oregon State University Ontario,
More informationHigh-Yielding Soybean: Genetic Gain Fertilizer Nitrogen Interaction
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports Volume Issue 5 Kansas Field Research Article 4 January 6 High-Yielding Soybean: Genetic Gain Fertilizer Nitrogen Interaction I. A. Ciampitti Kansas
More informationA s California s historic drought
Better Growing By Tim Spann Research Program Director Using Soil Moisture Sensors to Improve Irrigation Efficiency A s California s historic drought drags on, every grower is feeling the pinch and trying
More informationDrip System Design for Established Landscape Trees and Shrubs
Drip System Design for Established Landscape Trees and Shrubs Robert D. von Bernuth, PhD, PE, CIC, CID, CIT, CLIA, CLWM Technical Advisor, Irrigation Association Brent Q. Mecham, CAIS, CGIA, CIC, CID,
More informationIncreasing Crop Productivity and Water-Use Efficiency by Utilizing Ethanol CO 2 Emissions
Increasing Crop Productivity and Water-Use Efficiency by Utilizing Ethanol CO 2 Emissions Dave Goorahoo 12*, Shawn Ashkan 1, Florence Cassel S 1 Diganta D. Adhikari 1 and David Zoldoske 1,2, 1 Center for
More informationOptimizing Nitrogen and Irrigation Timing for Corn Fertigation Applications Using Remote Sensing
Optimizing Nitrogen and Irrigation Timing for Corn Fertigation Applications Using Remote Sensing A.R. Asebedo, E.A. Adee and D.B. Mengel Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS Abstract Nitrogen (N) use
More information1965 Comparing pima and upland cotton growth, development and fruit retention in california s San Joaquin Valley
1965 Comparing pima and upland cotton growth, development and fruit retention in california s San Joaquin Valley Mr. Daniel Munk, University of California Cooperative Extension, Fresno, CA Dr. Robert Hutmacher,
More informationDesign and Operation of Landfills
Design and Operation of Landfills Soils and hydrogeology Site selection criteria Site layout and landfill operations Liner design Water balance Biological reactions in landfills Leachate quality Gas production
More informationEM 8713 Reprinted May 2000 $5.50. Western Oregon Irrigation Guides
EM 8713 Reprinted May 2000 $5.50 Western Oregon Irrigation Guides Contents Foreword...1 Why should I use these guides?...2 Limitations of these guides...2 Important data for irrigation scheduling...3 Soils...
More informationNitrogen Fertilizer Requirement of Feed and Malting Barley Compared to Wheat, 2011
Nitrogen Fertilizer Requirement of Feed and Malting Barley Compared to Wheat, 2011 Item Type text; Article Authors Ottman, M. J. Publisher College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Journal
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF A NUTRIENT BUDGET APPROACH AND OPTIMIZATION OF FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT IN WALNUT
DEVELOPMENT OF A NUTRIENT BUDGET APPROACH AND OPTIMIZATION OF FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT IN WALNUT Theodore DeJong, Katherine Pope, Patrick Brown, Bruce Lampinen, Jan Hopmans, Allan Fulton, Richard Buchner,
More informationIRRIGATION MANAGEMENT IN ALFALFA Mir M. Seyedbagheri and James M. Torell. Since most alfalfa in southern Idaho is grown under irrigation, irrigation
IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT IN ALFALFA Mir M. Seyedbagheri and James M. Torell Since most alfalfa in southern Idaho is grown under irrigation, irrigation management is an important aspect of alfalfa crop management.
More informationStudy Questions Exam 5
Study Questions Exam 5 1. List three best management practices intended to reduce the loss of nutrients from agroecosystems. No problem. 2. Explain how buffer strips work. Runoff enters at higher velocity,
More informationEES 1001 Lab 9 Groundwater
EES 1001 Lab 9 Groundwater Water that seeps into the ground, and is pulled down by gravity through void spaces (*see below) in the soil and bedrock eventually percolates down to a saturated zone, a water-logged
More informationThe Phosphorus Management Tool
The Phosphorus Management Tool Heather Hutchinson Nutrient Management Specialist June 18, 2013 Understanding Phosphorus Why are soils high in phosphorus? Why is phosphorus a problem? How is phosphorus
More informationEvaluation of ESN Fertilizer in Southcentral Montana
Evaluation of ESN Fertilizer in Southcentral Montana 2012-13 Results Kent A McVay Southern Agricultural Research Center Montana State University Why Enhance N Fertilizers? Worldwide fertilizer N use efficiency
More informationMissouri Fertilizer and Lime Board 2011 FINAL REPORT. Optimum Timing of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Applications for Improved Tall Fescue Seed Production
Missouri Fertilizer and Lime Board 2011 FINAL REPORT Optimum Timing of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Applications for Improved Tall Fescue Seed Production Dale G. Blevins Professor & Kemper Fellow Division of
More informationEvaluation of Fertilizer Additives for Enhanced Nitrogen Efficiency in Corn. Final Project Report (2013 and 2014)
Evaluation of Fertilizer Additives for Enhanced Nitrogen Efficiency in Corn Final Project Report (2013 and 2014) Daniel Barker, John Sawyer, and Mike Castellano Assistant Scientist, Professor, and Assistant
More informationTASK 3: Water Quality Education of BMPs to Reduce Nitrate Infiltration
Page 1 of 11 Seymour Aquifer Water Quality Improvement Project FY 04 CWA 319(h) TSSWCB Agreement No. 04-9A Quarter no. 1 From 10/1/04 Through 12/31/04. I. Abstract The project is still much in the initial
More information33. Fate of pesticides in soil and plant.
33. Fate of pesticides in soil and plant. What Happens to Pesticides When a pesticide is released into the environment many things happen to it. Sometimes what happens is beneficial. For example, the leaching
More information2017 BMR Sorghum vs Corn Silage for Yield and Quality Harvest Protocol
2017 BMR Sorghum vs Corn Silage for Yield and Quality Harvest Protocol Contact: Sarah Lyons (Phone: 828-290-3584) Nutrient Management Spear Program http://nmsp.cals.cornell.edu/nyonfarmresearchpartnership/foragesorghum.html
More informationTABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE...V CONTRIBUTORS... VI I. MICROIRRIGATION THEORY AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION...1
XI TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE...V CONTRIBUTORS... VI I. MICROIRRIGATION THEORY AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION...1 1.1. DEFINITION... 1 1.2. HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS... 2 1.2.1. Early History
More informationM. Tech Irrigation & Drainage Engineering
M. Tech Irrigation & Drainage Engineering Basic Supporting Courses S. No. Course Code Course Title L-T-P Credits 1. MAS 701 Advanced Engineering Mathematics 3-1-0 4 2. MAS 711 Statistics I 2-0-1 3 3. COMP
More informationEast TX Test Site (1/2 Treated)
1 East TX Test Site (1/2 Treated) 2 CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY ( CEC ) It is a measure of the quantity of cations reversibly adsorbed per unit weight of soil. CEC is expressed in meq/100 g of mass (meq is
More informationThe Hydrological Cycle. Hydrological Cycle. Definition of Terms. Soils and Water, Spring Lecture 7, The Hydrological Cycle 1
The Hydrological Cycle Water vapor helps warm up the earth Evaporation+Transpiration Chemical Spill Runoff To Oceans Water potential, atmosphere Hydrological Cycle Transpiration, T Atmospheric pool Interception
More informationReview of Current Sugarcane Fertilizer Recommendations: A Report from the UF/IFAS Sugarcane Fertilizer Standards Task Force 1
SL 295 Review of Current Sugarcane Fertilizer Recommendations: A Report from the UF/IFAS Sugarcane Fertilizer Standards Task Force 1 K. T. Morgan, J. M. McCray, R. W. Rice, R. A. Gilbert, and L. E. Baucum
More information