RCNET. Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields June Regional Center for Nuclear Education and Training

Transcription

1 RCNET Regional Center for Nuclear Education and Training Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields June 2014 RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

2 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields June 2014 Prepared for Regional Center for Nuclear Education & Training Headquartered at Indian River State College National Science Foundation, Grant No Prepared by Meÿetal Inc., Research and Evaluation! Benjamin Reid, Principal Consultant! evaluate@gonuke.org RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 2

3 Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 Introduction 5 Findings Current and Future Workforce Needs 6 Critical Hubs Nationwide 15 Overlap of Training Materials 18 Recommendations 19 References 20 Additional Resources 23 Appendices Appendix A: RCNET Working Logic Model 24 Appendix B: Bureau of Labor Statistics 25 Appendix C: Overlap of Training Materials 28 Appendix D: Isotopes Used in Medicine 56 Appendix E: Referenced Maps for Identifying Critical Hubs 58 Appendix F: Industry Member Lists 75 RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

4 Executive Summary The purpose of this study was to address RCNET s future growth and sustainability by determining the need of serving all industries in the nuclear field. Beyond electricity generation, other nuclear energy applications include consumer products, food and agriculture, industrial uses, space exploration, water desalination, hydrogen generation, and medicine and scientific research. But the focus for RCNET s future efforts was shortlisted based on educating and training professions with the greatest workforce needs and/or ability to improve national security. That short list of nuclear fields became: 1. nuclear medicine 2. nuclear manufacturing 3. environmental remediation and waste management 4. security and safeguards Given that list of nuclear fields, the deliverables of the study were to identify: 1. Current and future workforce needs. 2. Critical hubs nationwide. An additional step was included as a preliminary evaluation of the overlap between those fields certification requirements and RCNET s education and training materials. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission reports that the NRC maintains approximately 6,000 licenses for the use of radioactive materials, and the Agreement States maintain approximately 16,000 materials licenses. (THE REGULATION AND USE OF RADIOISOTOPES IN TODAY'S WORLD) Sorting through this information and the fragmented employment references to determine if the workforce for individual industries relevant for RCNET is a huge undertaking. Thus the Evaluator makes the point that this report is not definitive, that information may be added as it becomes apparent due to new knowledge, insight from industry, or advice from RCNET management. Nonetheless, the information within gathered from credible sources can be used by RCNET management to inform decisions. The Recommendations of this feasibility study are: 1. The concluding answer is, yes, to the study s central question: Do these fields employment figures and forecasts warrant RCNET s investment? The details for occupations in each field follow in the Findings section. 2. Expand subawards nationally to these other nuclear fields, particularly nuclear medicine. RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

5 Introduction Regional Center for Nuclear Education and Training (RCNET) Background The Regional Center for Nuclear Education & Training (RCNET) was established to make sure the demand for skilled nuclear technicians is met in a standardized and systematic way. In August of 2011, the National Science Foundation (NSF) established the Regional Center for Nuclear Education and Training (RCNET) to address the workforce demands of nuclear energy technicians in a unified and systematic way. RCNET is located at Indian River State College (IRSC) in Fort Pierce, FL and is a consortium of 46 colleges and universities, 35 industry partners, and multiple agency and other partners. RCNET s primary focus is on two-year college training and it involves partnerships between academic institutions and employers to promote improvement in the education of nuclear technicians at the undergraduate and secondary school levels. RCNET is also responsible for curriculum development, professional development of college faculty and secondary school teachers, career pathways to two-year colleges from secondary schools and from two-year colleges to four-year institutions, and providing standardized quality resources to schools across the region. Mission Statement and Goals RCNET was established to make sure the demand for skilled nuclear technicians is met in a standardized and systematic way. The eight key goals of RCNET are: 1. Provide complete turnkey standardized teaching and assessment material and student resources for maintenance, operations, radiation protection, and QA/QC tracks. 2. Develop, categorize, and maintain a learning repository for nuclear curriculum. 3. Provide professional development for secondary, post-secondary, and industry trainers. 4. Provide access and lesson plans to embed unique training systems in partner programs. 5. Provide career and academic pathways and professional development for students and technicians. 6. Be a central point of contact for career assistance. 7. Provide materials and assistance in secondary outreach and diversity recruitment. 8. Promote nuclear energy and nuclear careers. RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 5

6 Findings Current and Future Workforce Needs 1. nuclear medicine 2. nuclear manufacturing 3. environmental remediation and waste management 4. security and safeguards 1.) NUCLEAR MEDICINE About one-third of all patients admitted to U.S. hospitals are diagnosed or treated using radioisotopes. Most major hospitals have specific departments dedicated to radiation medicine. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission continues to state that, In all, about 112 million nuclear medicine or radiation therapy procedures are performed annually, with the vast majority used in diagnoses. (THE REGULATION AND USE OF RADIOISOTOPES IN TODAY'S WORLD) Though it should be noted that different sources quote different figures for the total number of nuclear medicine procedures performed, some by the number of people benefited rather the number of procedures. The Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging states that More than 20 million Americans benefit each year from nuclear medicine procedures used to diagnose and treat a wide variety of diseases. ("SNMMI and Safe/Beneficial Medical Uses of Radiation") While the Council on Radionuclides and Radiopharmaceuticals reports Each day, more than 82,000 nuclear imaging procedures, using nuclear medicine, are safely performed throughout the world. (Council on Radionuclides and Radiopharmaceuticals) Employment of nuclear medicine technologists is projected to grow 20 percent from 2012 to 2022, faster than the average for all occupations. (Summary, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics) This growth will result in 4,200 new jobs and 7,200 job openings due to growth and replacement needs over this period. By 2022, there will be 25,100 nuclear medicine technologists jobs in the U.S.A., up from 20,900 in Accounting for a twenty year period (the time period used in RCNET s projections for its services, and conservatively RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

7 using the same growth rate), by 2035 there will be a need for 16,000 new nuclear medicine technologists! The median annual wage for nuclear medicine technologists was $70,180 in May 2012, and training these professionals is in line with RCNET s mission as they typically need an associate s degree in nuclear medicine technology. Formal education programs in nuclear medicine technology or a related healthcare field lead to a certificate, an associate s degree, or a bachelor s degree. Example job titles for the occupation of nuclear medicine technologists include Certified Nuclear Medicine Technologist, Isotope Technologist, Nuclear Cardiology Technologist, Nuclear Medical Technologist, Radioisotope Technologist, and Registered Nuclear Medicine Technologist. See Appendix B: Bureau of Labor Statistics (for Nuclear Medicine Technologists and Radiation Therapists). Beyond the nuclear medicine technologists occupation, RCNET s education and training materials have a clear overlap with a portion of two addition medical technologists occupations (see Overlap section). Radiation therapists are slated to grow 23.5% between the time period, requiring 8,400 new hires for a total of 23,600 radiation therapists in the U.S.A. By 2035, there will be a need for 19,500 newly trained radiation therapists. An even larger occupation, radiologic technologists, whose certification still overlaps RCNET s work by roughly 18%, is projected to grow 21% between , adding 41,500 jobs or 69,600 jobs openings accounting for growth and replacement needs. By 2035, there will be a need for 137,000 newly trained radiologic technologists. RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 7

8 2.) NUCLEAR MANUFACTURING This section covers 1) manufacturing of radioactive products used in medicine, referred to as radiopharmaceuticals; 2) source material facilities, particularly fuel cycle facilities and uranium recovery facilities; 3) industrial uses of radioactive byproduct material. 1)Manufacturing of radioactive products used in medicine, referred to as medical isotopes and radiopharmaceuticals; Diagnostic medical use Use of nuclear materials in radioactive uptake, dilution, excretion, imaging, or localization diagnostic clinical or research procedures. The metabolic or physiological properties of radiolabeled drugs are used to obtain medical information, and the radiation produced from sealed sources are used in diagnostic devices to image body parts or determine tissue density. Diagnostic medical use includes the use of certain portable imaging devices in dentistry and podiatry, as well as bone mineral analysis devices in podiatry. Therapeutic medical use Use of nuclear materials to deliver palliative (pain relieving) or therapeutic doses of radiation to specific tissues or body areas. Although most therapeutic uses of radiation involve the treatment of cancer, therapeutic doses may also be used to treat benign conditions such as the use of intervascular brachytherapy radiation to treat clogged blood vessels (restenosis). Employment numbers for workers specifically manufacturing medical isotopes in the USA are not stated by an major reputable source, however it could be argued that they are included in the statistics for Nuclear Medicine Technologists; Medical and diagnostic laboratories represent 6% of the industries that employ nuclear medicine technologists. RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

9 2)Source material facilities, particularly fuel cycle facilities and uranium recovery facilities; There are approximately 105 NRC-licensed source material facilities. These include uranium mills and some other fuel cycle facilities. (Source Material Facilities) See Appendix E for a map of major source material facilities. 3) Industrial Uses of Nuclear Materials. Manufacturers use radioisotopes to improve the quality of goods in thousands of industrial facilities around the world. Manufacturers commonly use small amounts of radioisotopes as tracers in process materials. Among industries that use radioactive materials in their processes and products are automobile and aircraft manufacturers, mining and oil companies, and construction companies. (Industrial Uses) The different types of industrial use regulated by the NRC are: Industrial Radiography Irradiators Well Logging Gauging Devices Other Measuring Systems Research and Development Service Providers Source Material Special Nuclear Material See Appendix F for a descriptions of each of these industries. The two industrial uses of potential interest to RCNET for future education and training of technicians are Gamma Irradiators and Well Logging. Irradiators RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 9

10 Irradiators are devices or facilities that expose products to radiation to sterilize them, such as spices and some foods, milk containers, and hospital supplies. Selfshielded irradiators are constructed so that there is no external beam during use and there is "usually a small cabinet type device that is not built in." Non-selfshielded irradiators do not provide shielding from the radiation beam, therefore, additional shielding needs to be provided and special radiation protection precautions need to be taken. Look up information in the Irradiator Licensee Toolkit. (Industrial Uses of Nuclear Materials) It is estimated that several hundred gamma irradiators are in operation worldwide. They are mainly used for sterilization of medical products, food irradiation and modification of materials. (International Atomic Energy Agency) Gamma Irradiators are Vital More than 45% of the single-use sterile medical products, manufactured in the U.S.A. and globally, such as syringes, IV sets, gowns, gloves, endoscopic devices, implants and other medical devices are treated annually by gamma radiation for the healthcare system and to the ultimate benefit of patients. (About GIPA) What are the safety issues with gamma processing? There are safety issues associated with the process; therefore, processing plants are strictly regulated by either a state or federal nuclear regulatory body. Redundant (or layered) safety systems exist to protect workers and the general public. All irradiator operators undergo rigorous safety training. (Introduction to Gamma Processing) The occupation of medical equipment preparers alone (which is responsible for sterilization of medical products largely using gamma irradiation) employs over 51,000 workers, is projected to grow to 62,000 workers by 2022 with a total need of 20,300 workers due growth and replacement. (Employment Projections) Well Logging Well logging is a process used to determine whether a well drilled deep into the ground has the potential to produce oil. This process uses byproduct or special RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 10

11 nuclear material tracer and sealed sources in connection with the exploration for oil, gas, or minerals in wells. Look up information in the Well-Logging Licensee Toolkit. The oil and gas industry makes extensive use of radiation generators and sealed and unsealed radioactive sources, some of which are potentially dangerous to human health and the environment if not properly controlled. (Radiation Protection and the Management of Radioactive Waste in the Oil and Gas Industry) As the oil and gas industry is an additional industry (not in the original discussion for industries to consider) with potential nuclear education and training needs, the Evaluator would like to speak with RCNET before continuing research in this field. Conclusion Technicians are needed to manufacture these radioisotopes and then apply or incorporate them in to useful products. Existing companies, growing demand, and potential new large manufacturing sites in the U.S.A. for medical radioisotopes (see Critical Hubs) could mean 5,000-9,000 new radioisotope manufacturing jobs over the next 20 years. The hundreds of gamma irradiators, source sites, radiation and other isotope production facilities may mean an additional 8,000-10,000 newly trained skilled workers by RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 11

12 3.) ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION and WASTE MANAGEMENT As many of the U.S.A. s aging nuclear facilities undergo decontamination and decommissioning (D&D), many skilled technicians will be required to perform the various tasks. A fundamental aspect of all D&D projects, characterization surveys include thorough surface scans for gamma radiation, as well as collection of environmental samples for analysis and require a staff of health physicists and technicians. (Characterization surveys) If your program or facility works with radioactive materials, it is important to provide reassurance to stakeholders and regulators that your radiological control program is being run appropriately with minimal risks to workers, the general population, and the surrounding communities. Health physicists and technicians assist by providing audits and assessments that are designed to confirm your facility has an adequate program in place to safely conduct radiological work and meet applicable state and/or federal regulatory compliance guidelines. Radiological audits and assessments are used in these key areas: Nondestructive assay (NDA) Radiological control programs Environmental monitoring programs Operational environments Decontamination and decommissioning projects Compliance assessments Radiological release programs (Assessment services for radiological programs and facilities) According to the 2013 Annual Report, Status of the Decommissioning Program, Each year, the NRC terminates approximately 150 materials licenses. Most of these license terminations are routine, and the sites require little, if any, remediation to meet the NRC s unrestricted release criteria. This report focuses on the more challenging sites where the termination of the site s license is not a routine licensing action. As of September 30, 2013, 18 nuclear power and early demonstration reactors, 7 research and test reactors, 15 complex decommissioning materials facilities, 2 fuel cycle facilities, and 11 Title II uranium recovery facilities are undergoing decommissioning or are in long-term safe storage, under NRC jurisdiction. Additionally, 22 Title I and 6 Title II uranium recovery facilities are in long-term care under a general license held by DOE under 10 CFR and RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

13 (Status of the Decommissioning Program 2013 Annual Report) There are few statistics to say exactly how large of a decontamination workforce will be needed in the near future, one basis was ORAU s report that In FY13, ORAU continued to support DOE s cleanup mission across the complex by completing independent verification for more than 200,000 acres and more than 3,500-square-feet of facilities at three major DOE sites, including Hanford, Paducah and Oak Ridge. The team also performed the sampling and analysis of 13 abandoned legacy liquid waste containers located at the East Tennessee Technology Park in Oak Ridge. The work, which totaled more than 37,000 field- and laboratory-related safe-work hours, was completed along with the help of several ORAU innovations such as a large-volume gamma detector for surveying large landareas and a non-intrusive method for quantifying radioactivity in pipes and ductwork. (Accelerating the pace of cleanup through innovation) The Evaluator found information relating to Health Physicists, an area already covered by RCNET, and would like to speak with RCNET management on how this occupation should be reported as pertains to employment in multiple industries. RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 13

14 4.) SECURITY & SAFEGUARDS There are several industries that require a workforce skilled in nuclear detection and emergency first responders. However they do not seem to be applicable for RCNET to invest its resources. This is because first responders such military, firefighters, policemen, emergency treatment personnel, and local official are already provided adequate training for their professionals should the what-if scenario should happen. Law enforcement and transportation security are trained on the devices that are available to them for nuclear detection. And as for weapons inspectors that would largely work overseas, the Evaluator could not find sufficient evidence for a sizable work force demand. The largest identifiable employer, the IAEA, reports it employs 250 inspectors and every year the IAEA runs an introductory course on the safeguards systems for the organization's newly appointed inspectors. (Training the IAEA Inspectors) Of interest to RCNET though may be Texas A&M s Nuclear Security Science and Policy Institute. NSSPI was the first organization to address a growing need for graduate level technical education focused on nuclear safeguards and nuclear nonproliferation. NSSPI is changing the model for educating safeguards and security experts through the programs it has implemented at Texas A&M. These programs include: an accredited Master of Science degree in nuclear engineering with specialization in nuclear nonproliferation; the nation's first technical academic certificate in nuclear forensics; and an 8-week summer nuclear security certificate program. RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

15 Critical Hubs Nationwide A variety of sources were used to identify the U.S. critical hubs for nuclear medicine, manufacturing, and other work sites for skilled technicians. DOE laboratories, industry headquarters and manufacturing facilities, logistics networks, NRC decommissioning sites, hospitals, and academic institutions were plotted to identify a critical mass of nuclear medicine and manufacturing. For example, Indianapolis, IN is the headquarters of pharmaceutical manufacturer Eli Lilly and Company, headquarters of Dow AgroSciences, and is a FedEx Express hub and a CVS Pharmacy distribution center along with other major medical employers like Indiana University Health. Multiple location maps were used (seen below and in full size in Appendix E) including Department of Energy Laboratories; FedEx Healthcare Shared Network Logistics Map; Hubs of Major Air Freight Integrators; NEI Used Nuclear Fuel in Storage at Shutdown Reactor; NRC Sites Undergoing Decommissioning, STERIS Isomedix Services, Gamma Processing Locations. As were member list of industry associations (the nuclear medicine and manufacturing companies are listed in Appendix F), including Gamma Industry Processing Alliance; International Irradiation Association; International Source Suppliers and Producers Association; and the Council on Radionuclides and Radiopharmaceuticals. And Appendix C contains the AART Recognized Educational Programs in Nuclear Medicine Technology, showing RCNET s potential academic partners in nuclear medicine. Approximately 100 accredited Nuclear Medicine Technology programs currently offer instruction and clinical internships. The common element of logistics was used since this big business is highly coordinated, efficient, and employs a hub-and-spoke model with the chief characteristic being the importance of one or more large companies in an industry surrounded by smaller, associated businesses. FedEx Healthcare Shared Network offers a premium, time-definite, temperature controlled, ISO certified delivery service to the pharmaceutical and diagnostics product industries. FedEx HSN has six cross docks strategically located in the United States that serve as hub locations so they can handle the inbound line hauls of their pharmaceutical customer base and then redistribute them to the customers of those customers (mostly hospitals, pharmacies and laboratories) within a one to seventy two hour time period. Those six critical hubs are Dallas, TX, Atlanta, GA, Chicago, IL, Newark, DE, Reno, NV, and Memphis, TN. (Healthcare Shared Network) After speaking to a FedEx representative I learned that while those cities may be a good indication of pharmaceutical critical hubs, why further diligence was needed. HSN distinguishes itself by cold chain shipping (2-8 Degrees Celsius) which is needed for vaccines, insulants, and reagents and not as much for medical isotopes. Plus hubs were planned also by giving geographical spread based on population spread. RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

16 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 16

17 Hubs include Oak Ridge, TN, home of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) including the National Isotope Development Center (NIDC), and the Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) which manages the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) for the U.S. Department of Energy, and the Professional Training Programs with provides technical training in the radiological sciences. (ORAU: Professional Training Programs) (UT-Battelle/Oak Ridge National Laboratory) San Francisco, CA greater area is home to the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and Sandia National Laboratory, among numerous medical facilities and academic institutions. Other mentionable sites are the Isotope Production Facility (IPF) at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in Los Alamos, NM; and Sadia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, NM; Brookhaven Linear Isotope Producer (BLIP) at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Uptown, NY; Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) in Aiken, SC Industry, investment, and corporate news was also examined to learn the planning, funding, and development of upcoming nuclear medicine and manufacturing facilities. Two companies to watch are NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes and Northwest Medical Isotopes. These two companies plan to each supply half of the U.S. market with Mo-99 beginning in 2014 and 2017, respectively. Currently, the entire supply of Mo-99 is imported from aging foreign nuclear reactors. Over 80% of diagnostic nuclear medical imaging uses radiopharmacueticals containing technitium-99m, which is produced by the decay of molybdenum-99 (Mo-99). NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes is located in Madison, WI. In the short term they have partnered with the Missouri University Research Reactor and in the long term a manufacturing facility will be build in Beloit, WI. Northwest Medical Isotopes is to be located at Discovery Ridge Research Park in Columbia, Missouri. (Radioisotopes in Medicine) (Northwest Medical Isotopes) (Domestic Supply)(Production and Supply of Molybdenum-99) *More specific hubs can be located after the Evaluator and RCNET management consult again on identifying particular aspects of hubs. RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 17

18 Overlap of Training Materials This is merely a preliminary evaluation of the overlap between these fields certification requirements and RCNET s education and training materials. Examined are the Content Specifications for the Examination in Nuclear Medicine Technology Examination for which approximately 100 American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) accredited Nuclear Medicine Technology programs currently offer instruction and clinical internships. It appears that RCNET training materials (once modified for nuclear medicine) would cover approxiamately 41% of the education and training content for Nuclear Medicine Technology. Appendix B: Overlap of Training Materials, includes 1. AART Content Specifications for the Nuclear Medicine Technology Examination 2. AART Content Specifications for the Radiation Therapy Examination 3. AART Recognized Educational Programs in Nuclear Medicine Technology 4. ORAU Professional Training Programs 5. Nordion Gamma Centre of Excellence's Irradiator Training 6. NRC Training requirements for Operation of Irradiators 7. NRC Training requirements for Well Logging 8. IAEA Publication, Radiation Protection and the Management of Radioactive Waste in the Oil and Gas Industry Further work is needed to thoroughly identify and cross reference the same actual pieces of curriculum for each profession, once a decision to enter a particular nuclear field is made. RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

19 Recommendations 1. The concluding answer is, yes, to the study s central question: Do these fields employment figures and forecasts warrant RCNET s investment? The details for occupations in each field follow in the Findings section. 2. Expand subawards nationally to these other nuclear fields, particularly nuclear medicine. Additionally, for completing the NSF grant funding proposal for the next phase of RCNET operation, the Evaluator recommends RCNET to consult the pdf document titled National Crisis: Where are the Radiation Professionals? by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. This 174 page document is full of information and points of contact from their July 2013 workshop engaging federal agencies, professional societies, universities, and private sector. The Introduction begins: The community of radiation users, researchers, educators and regulators is concerned about the dwindling number of professionals in practically all areas of radiation. This crisis will continue to worsen as the projected demand continues to increase. There have been individual efforts by professional organizations and Federal agencies to address this loss of expertise in radiation science, but most efforts have been narrowly focused and not coordinated. As the Congressionally chartered organization charged to advise the U.S. government on radiationrelated issues, NCRP believes this national crisis must be addressed now and has begun a coordinated, broad-based, and comprehensive effort to define the situation and propose realistic and achievable solutions. RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

20 References "THE REGULATION AND USE OF RADIOISOTOPES IN TODAY'S WORLD.". U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1 Apr Web. 1 June < "SNMMI and Safe/Beneficial Medical Uses of Radiation.". Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, n.d. Web. 1 June < content.aspx?itemnumber=4825>. Council on Radionuclides and Radiopharmaceuticals, n.d. Web. 1 June < "Summary." U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, n.d. Web. 1 June < "Source Material Facilities." NRC:. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June < src-materialsfac.html>. "Industrial Uses." Nuclear Energy Institute -. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June < Knowledge-Center/Other-Nuclear-Energy-Applications/Industrial-Uses>. "Industrial Uses of Nuclear Materials." NRC:. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June < materials/miau/industrial.html>. "International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)." Directory of Gamma Processing Facilities in Member States. International Atomic Energy Agency, n.d. Web. 1 June < pub.iaea.org/books/iaeabooks/6914/directory-of-gamma-processing-facilities-in-member- States>. "About GIPA." Gamma Industry Processing Alliance. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June < gipalliance.net/about-gipa/>. "Introduction to Gamma Processing.". N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June < techtips/introduction-to-gamma-processing-techtip-1/>. "Employment Projections." Department of Labor Statistics, n.d. Web. 1 June < data.bls.gov/projections/occupationproj#>. "Radiation Protection and the Management of Radioactive Waste in the Oil and Gas Industry.". International Atomic Energy Agency, n.d. Web. 1 June < publications/pdf/tcs-40_web.pdf>. RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

21 "Characterization surveys." ORAU: determine scope of radiological contamination. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June < capabilities/characterization-surveys.aspx>. "Assessment services for radiological programs and facilities." ORAU: Radiological audits, assessments ensure plans meet regulations. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June < environmental-assessments-health-physics/capabilities/health-physics/audit-services.aspx>. "Status of the Decommissioning Program 2013 Annual Report.". U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, n.d. Web. 1 June < ML13311A566.pdf>. "Accelerating the pace of cleanup through innovation." ORAU:. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June < "Training the IAEA Inspectors." International Atomic Energy Agency, n.d. Web. 1 June < "Education." Â Â Educating the Next Generation of Leaders in Nuclear Security Sciences. Nuclear Security Science and Policy Institute, n.d. Web. 1 June < topical-subsections/education>. "Healthcare Shared Network." FedEx Global Supply Chain Services. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June < "ORAU: Professional Training Programs.". N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Jan < documents/ivhp/ptp-catalog.pdf>. "UT-Battelle/Oak Ridge National Laboratory." ORAU: Partnering with UT-Battelle / Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June < partners-ornl.aspx>. "Radioisotopes in Medicine." World Nuclear Association. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June < "Northwest Medical Isotopes." Northwest Medical Isotopes. Welcome to Northwest Medical Isotopes, LLC, n.d. Web. 1 June < "Domestic Supply." NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June < "Production and Supply of Molybdenum-99.". N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June < RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 21

22 EvaluATE. (2010). Establishing Claims and Providing Evidence of Effectiveness of ATE Grants. Last retrieved from: on July 15, EvaluaATE. (2010). Webinar on Maximizing Evaluation Impact. Last retrieved from evalu-ate.org/featured_resources/resources/webinar_maximizing_evaluation_impact/ on May 10, Frechtling, J., and Sharp, L. (1997). The User-Friendly Handbook for Mixed-Method Evaluations. NSF Arlington, VA: NSF. Frechtling, J. (2010) The 2010 User-Friendly Handbook for Project Evaluation. NSF Arlington, VA: NSF. Nuclear Energy Institute. (2014). Nuclear Engineering Graduation Rates Up in Last retrieved from Engineering-Graduation-Rates-Up-in-2013,-B on May 10, Patton, M.Q. (2008). Utilization-Focused Evaluation. 4th Ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Stufflebeam, Daniel L., and Shinkfield, Anthony J. (2007). Evaluation Theory, Models, and Applications. San Francisco, CA. Josey-Bass. W.K. Kellogg Foundation. (2004). Evaluation Handbook. Battle Creek, MI: Last retrieved from: on July 15, Wingate, Lori A. (2013). Logic Model Template for ATE Projects and Centers. Last retrieved from: on July 15, RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 22

23 Resources for More Information Links to radioactive waste and nuclear training services, centers, courses, programs, and colleges. 1_TrainingMaterial/NuclearMedicine.htm IAEA Nuclear Medicine training materials Nuclear Medicine Technology Certification Board WhyNotInMyBackyard.pdf Westinghouse nuclear energy facts north-america.html Gamma Knife Centers in North America US Nuclear Risk Reduction Center Medical Isotopes: General Concepts American College of Nuclear Medicine Readiness of the US Nuclear Workforce for 21st Century Challenges National Crisis: Where are the Radiation Professionals? Radiation Emergency Assistance Center Training Site RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

24 Appendix A: RCNET Working Logic Model Inputs Activities Outputs Short- Term Outcome s Mid-Term Outcomes Long- Term Outcome s NSF Funding In-kind Contributions RCNET Senior and Support Staff Advisory Committee Industry Partners Academic Partners External Evaluator Standardized Nuclear Curriculum Learning Repository Professional Development 1,102 ACAD learning objectives determined Curriculum Review Committees established Curriculum material purchased Curriculum Material developed Best in class material collected Web based database built Events, courses, and webinars Faculty learn to use teaching toolkits RCNET studentsʼ interest in higher academic degrees increases RCNET reputation with industry increases Nuclear industry and profession gain higher recognition Faculty improve instruction INPO adopts RCNETʼs curriculum Nuclear culture created in partner colleges More higher academic degrees sought Students gain skills on unique systems Industry and regulatory more assured of nuclear employeesʼ education and training Increased diversity in the technical workforce A more highly skilled and adaptable workforce Unique Systems Training Academic and Career Pathways Academic and Industry Partnerships Articulation agreements Industry and job seekersʼ awareness of central job repository increases g becomes a central job tool for industry and job seekers Career Assistance Job repository on website Secondary Outreach and Diversity Recruitment Promotional material developed and disseminated Partnerships Nuclear Outreach Public relations and events RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

25 Appendix B: Bureau of Labor Statistics for Nuclear Medicine Technologists and Radiation Therapists. RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

26 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 26

27 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 27

28 Appendix C: Overlap of Training Materials AART Content Specifications for the Nuclear Medicine Technology Examination AART Content Specifications for the Radiation Therapy Examination AART Recognized Educational Programs in Nuclear Medicine Technology ORAU Professional Training Programs Nordion Gamma Centre of Excellence's Irradiator Training NRC Training requirements for Operation of Irradiators NRC Training requirements for Well Logging IAEA Specialized Training Courses, Developed by the Division of Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety IAEA Publication, Radiation Protection and the Management of Radioactive Waste in the Oil and Gas Industry Argonne and ORAU Decommissioning Certificate RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

29 AART Content Specifications for the Nuclear Medicine Technology Examination RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 29

30 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 30

31 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 31

32 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 32

33 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 33

34 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 34

35 AART Content Specifications for the Radiation Therapy Examination RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 35

36 AART Recognized Educational Programs in Nuclear Medicine Technology *The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) is the world s largest credentialing organization that seeks to ensure high quality patient care in medical imaging, interventional procedures, and radiation therapy. We test and certify technologists and administer continuing education and ethics requirements for their annual registration. RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

37 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 37

38 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 38

39 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 39

40 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 40

41 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 41

42 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 42

43 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 43

44 RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

45 RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

46 RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

47 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 47

48 RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

49 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 49

50 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 50

51 Publications/PDF/Pub1171_web.pdf RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

52 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 52

53 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 53

54 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 54

55 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 55

56 Appendix D: Isotopes Used in Medicine For signage and teaching toolkit material for high school outreach and education (such as at the summer camp as spelling bee and jeopardy contests). RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

57 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 57

58 Appendix E: Referenced Maps for Identifying Critical Hubs Department of Energy Laboratories FedEx Healthcare Shared Network Logistics Map Hubs of Major Air Freight Integrators NEI Used Nuclear Fuel in Storage at Shutdown Reactor NRC Sites Undergoing Decommissioning STERIS Isomedix Services Gamma Processing Locations RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

59 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 59

60 FedEx s Enhanced-customer-service.pdf RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 60

61 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 61

62 NEI Used Nuclear Fuel in Storage at Shutdown Reactor Nuclear-Fuel-Stored-at-Shutdown-Reactors-July-2013.pdf?ext=.pdf RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

63 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 63

64 NRC Sites Undergoing Decommissioning RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

65 RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

66 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 66

67 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 67

68 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 68

69 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 69

70 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 70

71 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 71

72 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 72

73 RCNET Year 3 Feasibility Study on the Sustainability of Serving All Nuclear Fields 73

74 RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

75 Appendix F: Industry Member Lists GIPA Gamma Industry Processing Alliance iia International Irradiation Association ISSPA International Source Suppliers and Producers Association CORAR Council on Radionuclides and Radiopharmaceuticals Inc. RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

76 GIPA Gamma Industry Processing Alliance Our mission is to ensure that the industrial use of gamma irradiation remains a safe, secure and vital processing technology for the sterilization of healthcare products, for the enhancement of food safety, as well as for other agricultural and industrial applications. RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

77 iia International Irradiation Association The diverse international membership of the iia includes leading suppliers of isotopic and machine-based radiation equipment, multinational healthcare companies, dosimetry producers and more than 90 percent of the world's contract irradiation service providers. RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

78 ISSPA International Source Suppliers and Producers Association The International Source Suppliers and Producers Association (ISSPA) is an association that is comprised of companies who are international industry leaders in the manufacture, production and supply of sealed radioactive sources and/or equipment that contain sealed radioactive sources as an integral component of the radiation processing or treatment system, device, gauge or camera. Radioisotope products are used in a wide range of applications that impinge upon health, safety, and security. Effective source management practices are a cornerstone to strengthen the long term safety and security of radioactive sources throughout their life cycle. Radioactive sources are a safe, secure, viable technology for use in a variety of important medical, industrial, and research applications. RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May

79 CORAR Council on Radionuclides and Radiopharmaceuticals Inc. The Council on Radionuclides and Radiopharmaceuticals, Inc. (CORAR) is the trade association and voice of the radionuclide and radiopharmaceutical industry in North America. RCNET End of Year Evaluation Report, May