General Vegetable Gardening Practices
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1 General Vegetable Gardening Practices Level 2 Master Gardener Volunteer Training - February 19, 2013 Craig Saxe UW-Extension, Juneau Co. 211 Hickory Street Mauston WI (608) craig.saxe@ces.uwex.edu
2 Consider the Location
3 Consider the Location
4 W
5 First Location New Site
6 Black Walnut Toxicity
7
8 Raised Beds
9
10 Open Raised Bed Gardening Growing More Food in Less Space By Noel Valdes
11 N. Valdes
12 N. Valdes
13 N. Valdes
14 Sweet Potatoes N. Valdes
15 N. Valdes
16 4 Year Crop Rotation is Recommended Why: Insect & disease management Weed management Nutrient demands Increased soil nitrogen Benefits of the preceding crops Improved physical condition of the soil Increased microbial activity Increased release of CO 2 Excretion of beneficial substances
17 Group By Plant Families Potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, and eggplant are all members of the solanaceous family. Beans and peas are legumes. Cucumbers, melons, pumpkins, and squash are all cucurbits. Radishes, rutabagas, and turnips are all cole crops just like cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts. Onions, garlic, leeks, shallots, chives are alliums.
18 Succession Planting Provides extended crop availability. Look at days to harvest. Three types: Planting late-season crops after early season ones have been harvested peas followed by beans. Multiple plantings of a single crop. Planting different cultivars with different maturity dates cabbage & corn.
19 Early Season Early Beets Early Cabbage Lettuce Onion Sets Peas Radishes Early Spinach Mustard Turnips Long Season Beans Cabbage Celery Sweet Corn Cucumbers Eggplant Muskmelons Peppers Potatoes Pumpkin Squash Swiss Chard Tomatoes Watermelon Late Season Bush Beans Beets Broccoli Chinese Cabbage Carrots Cauliflower Endive Kale Kohlrabi Lettuce Radishes Spinach Turnips
20 Garden Fertilization 1951
21
22 Safe Use of Cow Manure Use sterilized manure Use properly composted manure for sameyear applications Apply non-composted cow manure in the fall of the preceding harvest year; the winter weather will destroy pathogens that may be present in the fresh manure
23 Recommended Timing of Nitrogen Applications for Corn Soil Fall Preplant Sidedress Medium/Fine Texture Well-Drained Medium/Fine Texture Poorly Drained OK* Optimum OK No OK Optimum Coarse texture No No Optimum *Includes use of BMPs for fall-applied N. L Bundy
24 Timing of Nitrogen Uptake by Corn N uptake, lb N/acre Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Time during growing season L Bundy
25 Effect of N timing on the relationship between N rate and corn grain yield, Hancock Grain yield, bu/acre Split-Sidedress Preplant y = x x 2 R 2 = y = x x 2 R 2 = N rate, lb/acre L Bundy
26 Probably nitrogen deficiency from heavy rains leaching away nitrogen and/or from a delayed nitrogen application
27
28 Garden Tillage and Soil Compaction
29 Garden Tillage and Soil Compaction
30 Garden Tillage and Soil Compaction
31 Garden Tillage and Soil Compaction
32 Watering Match application to plant needs. Based on Soil type Rainfall Crop requirements Growth stage Experience and soil examination are best measures. Rain gauge
33 Water Wisely One inch of water per week Wet the top 6-8 inches each time Wait until the soil has dried 2 inches Water plants 6-8 inches down twice per week
34 Hand Watering Often applied too rapidly resulting in run-off Often, not enough is applied calculate the need per surface area (1 inch/100 sq. ft. is 60 gallons) Time consuming
35 Overhead Sprinkler Systems
36 Drip/Trickle Irrigation Porous pipe perforated pipe Soaker hose woven fabric hose Emitter tubes Drip irrigation, T-tape, double walled emitter tubing
37 Soaker Hose
38 Drip Irrigation Drip irrigation is the application of supplemental water at a slow, controlled rate through an emitter. An emitter is a small device with very small openings designed to meter the water out of a supply line. Suited for orchard crops, vegetables, brambles, nursery stock, landscaped ornamentals.
39 Drip Irrigation Design
40 Drip Irrigation
41 Micro sprinklers and sprayers are available in a variety of styles and configurations and like drip emitters they operate at a lowpressure range of 15 to 30 PSI. Micro sprinklers and sprayers are rated by flow rate, wetting diameter, or radius, and the spray method Micro Sprinklers
42 Mechanical Weed Control
43 Comparing Tools Garden hoe Stirrup hoe Diamond hoe
44 Keep Tools: Sharp, Clean, Well Lubricated
45 Tool Selection
46 Advantages of Mulches Controls weeds Conserves moisture Aids in disease control Cleaner fruit to harvest Prevents erosion Increases organic matter
47 Disadvantages of Mulches Cost of mulching material Lower soil temperature may delay harvest May create weed problems Organic mulches may use nitrogen Some do not degrade
48 Mulching Materials Sawdust Wood Chips Wood Shavings Oat/Wheat Straw Marsh Hay Old Hay Leaves Pine Needles Plastic Grass Clippings Newspaper
49 Mulching Materials
50 Photos taken the spring after the mulch was applied Mulching Materials
51 Mulching Materials
52 Mulching Materials
53 Why did this mulch not work?
54 Why did this mulch not work?
55 Why did this mulch not work?
56 Season Extension: Floating Row Covers Frost protection Warmer microclimate Wind protection Excludes insect pests Reduced evapotranspiration Good for beans, beets, carrot, cole crops, corn, lettuce, parsley, potato, radish and scallions
57 Floating Row Covers
58 Floating Row Covers
59 Floating Row Covers
60
61 Season Extension: Plastic Mulch Polyethylene plastic Retains moisture Warms the soil Weed suppression Clear, colored, black, or infrared-transmitting UV light will break down Disposal issue Good for cucumber, eggplant, melons, pepper, summer squash, tomato
62 Plastic Mulch
63
64 Bio-degradable Plastic
65 Bio-degradable Plastic
66 Mistakes in Plasticulture Lack of firm uniform bed Loose plastic Poorly placed irrigation tape Failure to start with a moist seedbed Not monitoring temperatures Not calibrating fertilizer rates Not removing row cover during pollination
67 Community Garden Tips Maddox Based upon my experiences
68 Reflect On The Design Maddox Maddox
69 Water Is It Needed? Photos by: Maddox
70 Community Tools Maddox
71 Have A Plan To Handle Refuse Maddox
72 Add A Personal Touch Maddox
73 Embrace Interaction
74 Mulch Is Your Friend Maddox
75 Problems Are Magnified
76 Problems Are Magnified
77 General Vegetable Gardening Practices Level 2 Master Gardener Volunteer Training - February 19, 2013 Craig Saxe UW-Extension, Juneau Co. 211 Hickory Street Mauston WI (608) craig.saxe@ces.uwex.edu
General Vegetable Gardening Practices. Consider the Location. Consider the Location. Black Walnut Toxicity
General Vegetable Gardening Practices Level 2 Master Gardener Volunteer Training - February 19, 2013 Consider the Location Craig Saxe UW-Extension, Juneau Co. 211 Hickory Street Mauston WI 53948 (608)
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