Crystal Structure. Insulin crystals. quartz. Gallium crystals. Atoms are arranged in a periodic pattern in a crystal.
|
|
- Shanon Black
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Crystal Structure Atoms are arranged in a periodic pattern in a crystal. The atomic arrangement affects the macroscopic properties of a material. Many important materials (silicon, steel) are crystals Gallium crystals quartz Insulin crystals
2 Crystal Structure simple cubic body centered cubic, bcc face centered cubic, fcc + = basis Bravais lattice Crystal
3 Lattice parameters γ c β a α b
4 Crystal planes and directions: Miller indices A plane with the intercepts 1/h, 1/k, 1/l is the (h,k,l) plane. [ ] specific direction < > family of equivalent directions ( ) specific plane { } family of equivalent planes MOSFETs are made on <100> wafers
5 Silicon surfaces Si(100) Si(111) (Source: Sandia Nat.Labs.)
6 Diamond Crystal Structure
7 KOH etching of silicon KOH etches Si {110} > {100} > {111}, producing a characteristic anisotropic V-etch, with sidewalls that form a 54.7 angle with the surface (35.3 from the normal). EtchingAndDecon.pdf
8 simple cubic Po
9 face centered cubic (fcc) Al, Cu, Ni, Ag, Pt, Au, Pb
10 hexangonal close pack (hcp) Ti, Co, Zn, Zr,
11 Close packing HCP FCC HCP = Hexagonal close pack Hexagonal Bravais lattice with two atoms in the basis.
12 body centered cubic bcc W Cr Fe Mo Ta
13 zincblende ZnS GaAs InP GaP InAs AlAs
14 wurtzite ZnO CdS CdSe GaN AlN
15 Structural phase transitions GaAs, Zincblende GaAs, Wurtzite 3C - SiC 4H - SiC 6H - SiC SiC has about 100 polytypes
16 Fluorescent lamp
17 Molecular energy levels
18 Semiconductors valence band conduction band band gap
19 wave vector k A k-vector points in the direction a wave is propagating. wavelength: 2π λ = k momentum: p = k
20 Absorption and emission of photons absorption emission semiconductor hf < E g no absorption
21 What color light does a GaAs LED emit? E = = hf = J hc λ λ = 867 nm infrared
22 Direct and indirect band gaps indirect bandgap: k = 0 phonons are emitted Momentum must be conserved when photons are absorbed or emitted. direct bandgap: k = 0 photons can be emitted
23 Silicon band structure E c = bottom of the conduction band E g = E c - E v E v = top of the valence band k=0 k=0 Electrons with energies in the gap are reflected out of the crystal.
24 Light emitting diodes
25 Metals, semiconductors, insulators E g Metal Semiconductor or insulator E g < 3eV = Semiconductor E g > 3eV = Insulator from: Singh
26 Copper dispersion relation and density of states from Ibach & Lueth
27 Germanium from Ibach & Lueth
28 Band gap Electrons with energies in the gap are reflected out of the crystal.
29 Density of states Silicon Aluminum N(E) filled states empty states filled states empty states
30 Structural phase transition in Sn α Sn transition at 13 C metal β Sn β-sn, white tin, tetragonal α-sn, gray tin, diamond structure
31 Structural phase transitions Si, diamond structure Si II, β-sn, tetragonal silicon makes a diamond to β-sn transition under pressure
32 Fermi function f(e) is the probability that a state at energy E is occupied. f( E) = 1 E E F 1+ exp kt B
33 Silicon density of states T = 300 K T = 300 K electrons in the conduction band
34 Fermi energy The Fermi energy is implicitly defined as the energy that solves the following equation. n = Here n is the electron density. D( E) f ( E) de The density of states, the total number of electrons and the temperature are given. To find the Fermi energy, guess one and evaluate the integral. If n turns out too low, guess a higher E F and if n turns out too high, guess a lower E F.
35 10 47 n = N( E) f ( E) de E [10-19 J] n = m -3
36 free electrons (simple model for a metal) 2 2 ( 2 2 2) p 1 2 E( k) = kx + ky + kz = = 2 mv 3-d density of states 2m 2m E dispersion relation ( m) 3/2 k x k y DE ( ) = 2 0 for E < 0 2π 2 3 E for E > 0
37 Near the bottom of the conduction band, the band structure looks like a parabola. Silicon band structure E c = bottom of the conduction band E g = E c - E v E v = top of the valence band E k x k y [111] k=0 [100]
Semiconductor Physics
10p PhD Course Semiconductor Physics 18 Lectures Nov-Dec 2011 and Jan Feb 2012 Literature Semiconductor Physics K. Seeger The Physics of Semiconductors Grundmann Basic Semiconductors Physics - Hamaguchi
More informationECE440 Nanoelectronics. Lecture 08 Review of Solid State Physics
ECE440 Nanoelectronics Lecture 08 Review of Solid State Physics A Brief review of Solid State Physics Crystal lattice, reciprocal lattice, symmetry Crystal directions and planes Energy bands, bandgap Direct
More informationChapter 10. Liquids and Solids
Chapter 10. Liquids and Solids Three States of Matter H 2 O Volume constant constant no Shape constant no no Why in three different states? 1 Intermolecular Force dipole-dipole attraction V dip-dip : 1.
More informationDiffusion & Crystal Structure
Lecture 5 Diffusion & Crystal Structure Diffusion of an interstitial impurity atom in a crystal from one void to a neighboring void. The impurity atom at position A must posses an energy E to push the
More information3.40 Sketch within a cubic unit cell the following planes: (a) (01 1 ) (b) (112 ) (c) (102 ) (d) (13 1) Solution
3.40 Sketch within a cubic unit cell the following planes: (a) (01 1 ) (b) (11 ) (c) (10 ) (d) (13 1) The planes called for are plotted in the cubic unit cells shown below. 3.41 Determine the Miller indices
More informationLecture 10: Semiconductors
Lecture 10: Semiconductors Definitions Band structure, band gap Basic principles Doping Electrical properties Important semiconductor materials Main group semiconductors Transition metal main group SCs
More information(iii) Describe how you would use a powder diffraction pattern of this material to measure
Supplemental Problems for Chapter 5 100 45.29 Intensity, au 80 60 40 20 38.95 65.98 30 40 50 60 70 2!, 1) The figure above shows a schematic diffraction pattern for a cubic material, recorded with an X-ray
More informationHow can we describe a crystal?
How can we describe a crystal? Examples of common structures: (1) The Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Structure (LiH, MgO, MnO, AgBr, PbS, KCl, KBr) The NaCl structure is FCC The basis consists of one Na atom and
More informationEnergy and Packing. typical neighbor bond energy. typical neighbor bond energy. Dense, regular-packed structures tend to have lower energy.
Energy and Packing Non dense, random packing Energy typical neighbor bond length typical neighbor bond energy r Dense, regular packing Energy typical neighbor bond length typical neighbor bond energy r
More informationبسم هللا الرحمن الرحیم. Materials Science. Chapter 3 Structures of Metals & Ceramics
بسم هللا الرحمن الرحیم Materials Science Chapter 3 Structures of Metals & Ceramics 1 ISSUES TO ADDRESS... How do atoms assemble into solid structures? How does the density of a material depend on its structure?
More informationCHAPTER 5 IMPERFECTIONS IN SOLIDS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
CHAPTER 5 IMPERFECTIONS IN SOLIDS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Vacancies and Self-Interstitials 5.1 Calculate the fraction of atom sites that are vacant for copper at its melting temperature of 1084 C (1357 K). Assume
More informationLecture 14: Semiconductors
Lecture 14: Semiconductors Definitions Band structure, band gap Basic principles Doping Electrical properties Important semiconductor materials Main group semiconductors Metal oxide semiconductors Applications
More informationPacking of atoms in solids
MME131: Lecture 6 Packing of atoms in solids A. K. M. B. Rashid Professor, Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Today s topics Atomic arrangements in solids Points, directions and planes in unit cell References:
More informationMaterials Science and Engineering
Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering Chap. 3. The Structures of Crystalline Solids How do atoms assemble into solid structures? How does the density of a material depend on its structure?
More informationTraditionally materials have been divided into three major groups: Metals, Ceramics and Polymers. In addition Composites and biomaterials.
Tilley, Understanding solids : Traditionally materials have been divided into three major groups: Metals, Ceramics and Polymers. In addition Composites and biomaterials. Q: What characterize a material?
More informationCHAPTER 5 IMPERFECTIONS IN SOLIDS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS ev /atom = exp. kt ( =
CHAPTER 5 IMPERFECTIONS IN SOLIDS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Vacancies and Self-Interstitials 5.1 Calculate the fraction of atom sites that are vacant for copper at its melting temperature of 1084 C (1357 K). Assume
More informationFree Electron Model What kind of interactions hold metal atoms together? How does this explain high electrical and thermal conductivity?
Electrical Good conductors of heat & electricity Create semiconductors Oxides are basic ionic solids Aqueous cations (positive charge, Lewis acids) Reactivity increases downwards in family Mechanical Lustrous
More informationCHAPTER 3: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES & PROPERTIES
CHAPTER 3: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES & PROPERTIES ISSUES TO ADDRESS... How do atoms assemble into solid structures? (for now, focus on metals) How does the density of a material depend on its structure? When
More informationHomework #4 PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
Homework #4 PROBLEM SOLUTIONS 4.2 Determination of the number of vacancies per cubic meter in gold at 900 C (1173 K) requires the utilization of Equations (4.1) and (4.2) as follows: N V N exp Q V kt N
More informationGeneral Objective. To develop the knowledge of crystal structure and their properties.
CRYSTAL PHYSICS 1 General Objective To develop the knowledge of crystal structure and their properties. 2 Specific Objectives 1. Differentiate crystalline and amorphous solids. 2. To explain nine fundamental
More informationCrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
12 Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells As we already discussed in Chapter 6, most semiconductor materials have a crystalline lattice structure. As a starting point for our discussion on crystalline silicon
More informationPoint Defects in Metals
CHAPTER 5 IMPERFECTIONS IN SOLIDS PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Point Defects in Metals 5.1 Calculate the fraction of atom sites that are vacant for lead at its melting temperature of 327 C (600 K). Assume an energy
More informationFree Electron Model What kind of interactions hold metal atoms together? How does this explain high electrical and thermal conductivity?
Electrical Good conductors of heat & electricity Create semiconductors Oxides are basic ionic solids Aqueous cations (positive charge, Lewis acids) Reactivity increases downwards in family Free Electron
More informationStructure of silica glasses (Chapter 12)
Questions and Problems 97 Glass Ceramics (Structure) heat-treated so as to become crystalline in nature. The following concept map notes this relationship: Structure of noncrystalline solids (Chapter 3)
More informationHow to Make Micro/Nano Devices?
How to Make Micro/Nano Devices? Science: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, nano/biotech Materials: inorganic, organic, biological, rigid/flexible Fabrication: photo/e-beam lithography, self-assembly, D/3D print
More informationEE 5611 Introduction to Microelectronic Technologies Fall Tuesday, September 04, 2012 Lecture 01
EE 5611 Introduction to Microelectronic Technologies Fall 2012 Tuesday, September 04, 2012 Lecture 01 1 Instructor: Jing Bai Contact Email: jingbai@d.umn.edu, hone: (218)726-8606, Office: MWAH 255 Webpage:
More informationLecture C4b Microscopic to Macroscopic, Part 4: X-Ray Diffraction and Crystal Packing
Lecture C4b Microscopic to Macroscopic, Part 4: X-Ray Diffraction and Crystal Packing X-ray Diffraction Max von Laue won the 1914 Nobel Prize for his discovery of the diffraction of x-rays by crystals.
More informationEE 5611 Introduction to Microelectronic Technologies Fall Tuesday, September 02, 2014 Lecture 01
EE 5611 Introduction to Microelectronic Technologies Fall 2014 Tuesday, September 02, 2014 Lecture 01 1 Instructor: Jing Bai Contact Email: jingbai@d.umn.edu, hone: (218)726-8606, Office: MWAH 255 Webpage:
More informationEnergy and Packing. Materials and Packing
Energy and Packing Non dense, random packing Energy typical neighbor bond length typical neighbor bond energy r Dense, regular packing Energy typical neighbor bond length typical neighbor bond energy r
More informationSolids. The difference between crystalline and non-crystalline materials is in the extent of ordering
Chapter 3 The Structure t of Crystalline Solids The difference between crystalline and non-crystalline materials is in the extent of ordering Both materials have the same composition but one is ordered
More informationExample: Compute the wavelength of a 1 [kg] block moving at 1000 [m/s].
Example: Calculate the energy required to excite the hydrogen electron from level n = 1 to level n = 2. Also calculate the wavelength of light that must be absorbed by a hydrogen atom in its ground state
More informationMaterials: Structures and Synthesis
微纳光电子材料与器件工艺原理 Materials: Structures and Synthesis Xing Sheng 盛兴 Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University xingsheng@tsinghua.edu.cn 1 Optical and Electronic Devices LEDs lasers waveguides
More informationCrystal structure of the material :- the manner in which atoms, ions, or molecules are spatially.
Crystal structure A crystalline material :- is one in which the atoms are situated in a repeating or periodic array over large atomic distances. Crystal structure of the material :- the manner in which
More informationHalbleiter Prof. Yong Lei Prof. Thomas Hannappel
Halbleiter Prof. Yong Lei Prof. Thomas Hannappel yong.lei@tu-ilmenau.de thomas.hannappel@tu-ilmenau.de http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/nanostruk/ Solid State Structure of Semiconductor Semiconductor manufacturing
More informationCRYSTAL STRUCTURE TERMS
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE TERMS crystalline material - a material in which atoms, ions, or molecules are situated in a periodic 3-dimensional array over large atomic distances (all metals, many ceramic materials,
More informationMaterials Science ME 274. Dr Yehia M. Youssef. Materials Science. Copyright YM Youssef, 4-Oct-10
ME 274 Dr Yehia M. Youssef 1 The Structure of Crystalline Solids Solid materials may be classified according to the regularity with which atoms or ions are arranged with respect to one another. A crystalline
More informationCrystal Structures of Interest
rystal Structures of Interest Elemental solids: Face-centered cubic (fcc) Hexagonal close-packed (hcp) ody-centered cubic (bcc) Diamond cubic (dc) inary compounds Fcc-based (u 3 u,nal, ß-ZnS) Hcp-based
More informationPhysics of Materials: Symmetry and Bravais Lattice To understand Crystal Plane/Face. Dr. Anurag Srivastava
Physics of Materials: Symmetry and Bravais Lattice To understand Crystal Plane/Face Dr. Anurag Srivastava Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Manegement, Gwalior Physics
More informationLecture C4a Microscopic to Macroscopic, Part 4: X-Ray Diffraction and Crystal Packing
Lecture C4a Microscopic to Macroscopic, Part 4: X-Ray Diffraction and Crystal Packing X-ray Diffraction Max von Laue won the 1914 Nobel Prize for his discovery of the diffraction of x-rays by crystals.
More informationCarbon nanostructures. (http://www.mf.mpg.de/de/abteilungen/schuetz/index.php?lang=en&content=researchtopics&type=specific&name=h2storage)
Carbon nanostructures (http://www.mf.mpg.de/de/abteilungen/schuetz/index.php?lang=en&content=researchtopics&type=specific&name=h2storage) 1 Crystal Structures Crystalline Material: atoms arrange into a
More informationGallium Arsenide monocrystalline
Gallium Arsenide CMK manufacture Semi-insulating and Semiconducting Gallium Arsenide wafers and ingots by LEC (Liquid Encapsulated Czochralsky) or VGF (Vertical Gradient Freeze) growth method. Required
More informationatoms = 1.66 x g/amu
CHAPTER 2 Q1- How many grams are there in a one amu of a material? A1- In order to determine the number of grams in one amu of material, appropriate manipulation of the amu/atom, g/mol, and atom/mol relationships
More informationProblems. 104 CHAPTER 3 Atomic and Ionic Arrangements
104 CHAPTER 3 Atomic and Ionic Arrangements Repeat distance The distance from one lattice point to the adjacent lattice point along a direction. Short-range order The regular and predictable arrangement
More informationReview key concepts from last lecture (lattice + basis = unit cell) Bravais lattices Important crystal structures Intro to miller indices
Outline: Review key concepts from last lecture (lattice + basis = unit cell) Bravais lattices Important crystal structures Intro to miller indices Review (example with square lattice) Lattice: square,
More informationAlloys and Solid Solutions
Alloys and Solid Solutions Chemistry 123 Spring 2008 Dr. Woodward Solutions Solid Solution 14 Carat Gold Liquid Solution Vodka Gaseous Solution Air Solution = A homogeneous mixture 1 Alloys An alloy is
More informationNeighbour s envy, Owner s pride, Silicon Valley s delight, a girl s best friend, Miner s blackjack! Is that you?
Introduction Neighbour s envy, Owner s pride, Silicon Valley s delight, a girl s best friend, Miner s blackjack! Is that you? Learning Objectives On completion of this topic you will be able to: 1. Identify
More informationCan also show this in terms of the density of states
Topic 9-3: Band Structures of Metals and Insulators Summary: We begin this video by introducing four types of materials: metals, insulators, semimetals and semiconductors. We then show their band structure
More informationCRYSTAL LATTICE. Defining lattice: Mathematical construct; ideally infinite arrangement of points in space.
CRYSTAL LATTICE How to form a crystal? 1. Define the structure of the lattice 2. Define the lattice constant 3. Define the basis Defining lattice: Mathematical construct; ideally infinite arrangement of
More informationPhysics 6180: Graduate Physics Laboratory. Experiment CM5: X-ray diffraction and crystal structures
Physics 6180: Graduate Physics Laboratory Experiment CM5: X-ray diffraction and crystal structures References: Preston and Dietz, Expt. 10 pp. 180-197 Eisberg and Resnick, Quantum Physics, Sec. 9 Kittel,
More informationChapter 1 The Crystal Structure of Solids
Chapter 1 The Crystal Structure of Solids In this chapter, (i) (ii) (iii) You should be able to sketch the atomic arrangement of atoms in the cubic lattices. You should be able to calculate the area and
More informationFundamental concepts and language Unit cells Crystal structures! Face-centered cubic! Body-centered cubic! Hexagonal close-packed Close packed
Fundamental concepts and language Unit cells Crystal structures! Face-centered cubic! Body-centered cubic! Hexagonal close-packed Close packed crystal structures Density computations Crystal structure
More informationEngineering 45: Properties of Materials Final Exam May 9, 2012 Name: Student ID number:
Engineering 45: Properties of Materials Final Exam May 9, 2012 Name: Student ID number: Instructions: Answer all questions and show your work. You will not receive partial credit unless you show your work.
More informationPrimitive cells, Wigner-Seitz cells, and 2D lattices. 4P70, Solid State Physics Chris Wiebe
Primitive cells, Wigner-Seitz cells, and 2D lattices 4P70, Solid State Physics Chris Wiebe Choice of primitive cells! Which unit cell is a good choice?! A, B, and C are primitive unit cells. Why?! D, E,
More informationChapter 1 The Crystal Structure of Solids
Chapter 1 The Crystal Structure of Solids In this chapter, (i) (ii) (iii) You should be able to sketch the atomic arrangement of atoms in the cubic lattices. You should be able to calculate the area and
More informationMME 2001 MATERIALS SCIENCE
MME 2001 MATERIALS SCIENCE 1 20.10.2015 crystal structures X tal structure Coord. # Atoms/ unit cell a=f(r) APF % SC 6 1 2R 52 BCC 8 2 4R/ 3 68 FCC 12 4 2R 2 74 HCP 12 6 2R 74 Theoretical Density, knowing
More informationUnit 1 The Solid State
Points to Remember Amorphous and Crystalline Solids Unit 1 The Solid State Amorphous- short range order, Irregular shape eg-glass Crystalline Solids- long range order, regular shape eg : NaCl Molecular
More informationASE324: Aerospace Materials Laboratory
ASE324: Aerospace Materials Laboratory Instructor: Rui Huang Dept of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics The University of Texas at Austin Fall 2003 Lecture 3 September 4, 2003 Iron and Steels
More informationIntroduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 3: The Structure of Crystalline Solids. Dr. Coates
Introduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 3: The Structure of Crystalline Solids Dr. Coates Learning Objectives I 1. Describe difference in atomic/molecular structure between crystalline/noncrystalline
More informationChapter 3: Atomic and Ionic Arrangements. Chapter 3: Atomic and Ionic Arrangements Cengage Learning Engineering. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 3: Atomic and Ionic Arrangements 3-1 Learning Objectives 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Short-range order versus long-range order Amorphous materials Lattice, basis, unit cells, and crystal structures
More informationNew Materials from Mathematics Real and Imagined
New Materials from Mathematics Real and Imagined Richard James University of Minnesota Thanks: John Ball, Kaushik Bhattacharya, Jun Cui, Traian Dumitrica, Stefan Müller, Ichiro Takeuchi, Rob Tickle, Manfred
More informationMETALLIC CRYSTALS. tend to be densely packed. have several reasons for dense packing: have the simplest crystal structures.
METALLIC CRYSTALS tend to be densely packed. have several reasons for dense packing: -Typically, only one element is present, so all atomic radii are the same. -Metallic bonding is not directional. -Nearest
More informationEx: NaCl. Ironically Bonded Solid
Ex: NaCl. Ironically Bonded Solid Lecture 2 THE STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS 3.2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS SOLIDS AMORPHOUS CRYSTALLINE Atoms in an amorphous Atoms in a crystalline solid solid are arranged
More informationCHAPTER 2. Structural Issues of Semiconductors
CHAPTER 2 Structural Issues of Semiconductors OUTLINE 1.0 Energy & Packing 2.0 Materials & Packing 3.0 Crystal Structures 4.0 Theoretical Density, r 5.0.Polymorphism and Allotropy 6.0 Close - Packed Crystal
More information(a) 7.27 m (b) m (c) 5.38 m (d) 5380 m (e) m
1. The density of liquid cesium at 30 C is 1.87 g/ml. Because of its wide liquid range (28 to 678 C), cesium could be used as a barometer fluid at high temperatures. What height of cesium will be supported
More informationSOLID STATE
SOLID STATE Short Answer Questions: 1. Derive Bragg s equation? Ans. Bragg s equation: W.H. Bragg has proposed an equation to explain the relation between inter planar distance (d) and wave length ( λ
More information9/29/2014 8:52 PM. Chapter 3. The structure of crystalline solids. Dr. Mohammad Abuhaiba, PE
1 Chapter 3 The structure of crystalline solids 2 Home Work Assignments HW 1 2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 29, 34, 39, 44, 48, 53, 58, 63 Due Sunday 12/10/2014 Quiz # 1 will be held on Monday 13/10/2014 at 11:00 am
More informationImpurities in Solids. Crystal Electro- Element R% Structure negativity Valence
4-4 Impurities in Solids 4.4 In this problem we are asked to cite which of the elements listed form with Ni the three possible solid solution types. For complete substitutional solubility the following
More informationSymmetry in crystalline solids.
Symmetry in crystalline solids. Translation symmetry n 1,n 2,n 3 are integer numbers 1 Unitary or primitive cells 2D 3D Red, green and cyano depict all primitive (unitary) cells, whereas blue cell is not
More information9/28/2013 9:26 PM. Chapter 3. The structure of crystalline solids. Dr. Mohammad Abuhaiba, PE
Chapter 3 The structure of crystalline solids 1 2 Why study the structure of crystalline solids? Properties of some materials are directly related to their crystal structure. Significant property differences
More informationSolid State Physics 460- Lecture 2a Structure of Crystals (Kittel Ch. 1)
Solid State Physics 460- Lecture 2a Structure of Crystals (Kittel Ch. 1) See many great sites like ob s rock shop with pictures and crystallography info: http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/xtal/index.html
More informationFIRST MIDTERM EXAM Chemistry March 2011 Professor Buhro
FIRST MIDTERM EXAM Chemistry 465 1 March 2011 Professor Buhro Signature Print Name Clearly ID Number: Information. This is a closed-book exam; no books, notes, other students, other student exams, or any
More informationChapter 12 The Solid State The Structure of Metals and Alloys
Chapter 12 The Solid State The Structure of Metals and Alloys The Solid State Crystalline solid a solid made of an ordered array of atoms, ion, or molecules Amorphous solids a solid that lacks long-range
More informationSingle vs Polycrystals
WEEK FIVE This week, we will Learn theoretical strength of single crystals Learn metallic crystal structures Learn critical resolved shear stress Slip by dislocation movement Single vs Polycrystals Polycrystals
More informationLab Week 2 Module γ 1. Derivative Structures. Instructor: Meri Treska
3.014 Materials Laboratory Oct. 13 th Oct. 20 th, 2006 Lab Week 2 Module γ 1 Derivative Structures Instructor: Meri Treska OBJECTIVES 9 Review principles of x-ray scattering from crystalline materials
More informationChapter Outline How do atoms arrange themselves to form solids?
Chapter Outline How do atoms arrange themselves to form solids? Fundamental concepts and language Unit cells Crystal structures Face-centered cubic Body-centered cubic Hexagonal close-packed Close packed
More informationCHAPTER. The Structure of Crystalline Solids
CHAPTER 4 The Structure of Crystalline Solids 1 Chapter 4: The Structure of Crystalline Solids ISSUES TO ADDRESS... What are common crystal structures for metals and ceramics? What features of a metal
More informationStructure factors and crystal stacking
Structure factors and crystal stacking Duncan Alexander EPFL-CIME 1 Contents Atomic scattering theory Crystal structure factors Close packed structures Systematic absences Twinning and stacking faults
More informationChapter 12 Metals. crystalline, in which particles are in highly ordered arrangement. (Have MP.)
Chapter 12 Metals 12.1 Classification of Solids Covalent Ionic Molecular Metallic Solids Solids Solids Solids Molecular consist of molecules held next to each other by IMF s. Relatively low to moderate
More informationSemiconductors. The essential materials for microelectronics technology A key property: conductivity (or resistivity) - large dynamic range
Semiconductors The essential materials for microelectronics technology A key property: conductivity (or resistivity) - large dynamic range - controllable (or engineerable) Example of controllable conductivity
More information9/16/ :30 PM. Chapter 3. The structure of crystalline solids. Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., PE
Chapter 3 The structure of crystalline solids 1 Mohammad Suliman Abuhaiba, Ph.D., PE 2 Home Work Assignments HW 1 2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 29, 34, 39, 44, 48, 53, 58, 63 Due Sunday 17/9/2015 3 Why study the structure
More informationChapter 8: Molecules and Materials
Chapter 8: Molecules and Materials Condensed Phases - Solids Bonding in Solids Metals Insulators Semiconductors Intermolecular Forces Condensed Phases - Liquids Carbon There are three forms of the element
More informationSolid State Device Fundamentals
Solid State Device Fundamentals ENS 345 Lecture Course by Alexander M. Zaitsev alexander.zaitsev@csi.cuny.edu Tel: 718 982 2812 Office 4N101b 1 Solids Three types of solids classified according to atomic
More informationEPITAXY extended single-crystal film formation on top of a crystalline substrate. Homoepitaxy (Si on Si) Heteroepitaxy (AlAs on GaAs)
extended single-crystal film formation on top of a crystalline substrate Homoepitaxy (Si on Si) Heteroepitaxy (AlAs on GaAs) optoelectronic devices (GaInN) high-frequency wireless communication devices
More informationChapter One: The Structure of Metals
Fourth Edition SI Version Chapter One: The Structure of Metals 2010. Cengage Learning, Engineering. All Rights Reserved. 1.1 Importance of the structure: Structures Processing Properties Applications Classification
More information7-2E. Photonic crystals
7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~shalaev/ Univ Central Florida, CREOL, Prof Kik, http://sharepoint.optics.ucf.edu/kik/ose6938i/handouts/forms/allitems.aspx
More informationINGE Engineering Materials. Chapter 3 (cont.)
Some techniques used: Chapter 3 (cont.) This section will address the question how do we determine the crystal structure of a solid sample? Electron microscopy (by direct and indirect observations) Scanning
More information416 Solid State Physics ; Introduction & Overview
416 Solid State Physics 8-29-2016; Introduction & Overview Assignment: Read chapter 1 of Kittel for next time on crystal symmetries. This course covers concepts in solid state physics. Note that physics-related
More informationLectures on: Introduction to and fundamentals of discrete dislocations and dislocation dynamics. Theoretical concepts and computational methods
Lectures on: Introduction to and fundamentals of discrete dislocations and dislocation dynamics. Theoretical concepts and computational methods Hussein M. Zbib School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
More informationChem 253, UC, Berkeley. Chem 253, UC, Berkeley
1 2 Theorem: For any family of lattice planes separated by distance d, there are reciprocal lattice vectors perpendicular to the planes, the shortest being 2 /d. Orientation of plane is determined by a
More informationChapter Outline. How do atoms arrange themselves to form solids?
Chapter Outline How do atoms arrange themselves to form solids? Fundamental concepts and language Unit cells Crystal structures! Face-centered cubic! Body-centered cubic! Hexagonal close-packed Close packed
More informationDonald Neamen 물리전자 / 김삼동 1-1
An Introduction to Semiconductor Devices Donald Neamen Images and illustrations from supplements of An Introduction to Semiconductor Devices, 4 th Ed., Mc Graw Hill were used for this lecture materials.
More informationHow do atoms assemble into solid structures? How does the density of a material depend on its structure?
제 3 장 : 결정질고체의구조 ISSUES TO ADDRESS... How do atoms assemble into solid structures? How does the density of a material depend on its structure? When do material properties vary with the sample (i.e., part)
More informationfrom Wyckoff to Quantum ESPRESSO
from Wyckoff to Quantum ESPRESSO How to translate a crystallografic structure as given in standard texts (ex. Ralph W.G. Wyckoff, Crystal Structures ) into the Quantum ESPRESSO input format. How is a crystal
More informationCrystal Structure. Andrew R. Barron Carissa Smith. 1 Introduction. 2 Crystallography
OpenStax-CNX module: m16927 1 Crystal Structure Andrew R. Barron Carissa Smith This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 2.0 1 Introduction In any
More informationX-Ray Fluorescence Lab Report
X-Ray Fluorescence Lab Report Arena Holguin, Sylvia Navidad, Gabriel Gonzalez MME5401/MASE 6390 11/14/11 1. Introduction X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) is a popular, nondestructive analytical method for elemental
More informationFrom sand to silicon wafer
From sand to silicon wafer 25% of Earth surface is silicon Metallurgical grade silicon (MGS) Electronic grade silicon (EGS) Polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) Single crystal Czochralski drawing Single
More informationOrder in materials. Making Solid Stuff. Primary Bonds Summary. How do they arrange themselves? Results from atomic bonding. What are they?
Making Solid Stuff Primary Bonds Summary What are they? Results from atomic bonding So the atoms bond together! Order in materials No long range order to atoms Gases little or no interaction between components
More informationSEMICONDUCTORS R. A. SMITH CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. M.A., PH.D. Head of the Physics Department Royal Radar Establishment Malvern J 959
SEMICONDUCTORS BY R. A. SMITH M.A., PH.D. Head of the Physics Department Royal Radar Establishment Malvern CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS J 959 CONTENTS Chapter 1. The Elementary Properties of Semiconductors
More informationAtomic Densities. Linear Density Number of atoms per length whose centers lie on the direction vector for a specific crystallographic direction.
Atomic Densities Linear Density Number of atoms per length whose centers lie on the direction vector for a specific crystallographic direction. Planar Density Number of atoms per unit area that are centered
More information