WELLHEAD PROTECTION PLAN FOR THE. City of Bertha. Nonvulnerable Setting

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1 WELLHEAD PROTECTION PLAN FOR THE City of Bertha Nonvulnerable Setting March, 0

2 Table of Contents Page Forward Chapter - Introduction... Chapter - Identification and Assessment of the Data Elements Used to Prepare the Plan... Chapter - Delineation of the Wellhead Protection Area, Drinking Water Supply Management Area and Vulnerability Assessments... 6 Chapter 4 - Establishing Priorities and Assigning Risk to Potential Contamination Sources... 7 Chapter 5 - Impact of Land and Water Use Changes on the Public Water Supply Well(s)... 8 Chapter 6 - Issues, Problems, and Opportunities... 9 Chapter 7 - Existing Authority and Support Provided by Local, State, and Federal Governments... 0 Chapter 8 - Goals... Chapter 9 - Objectives and Plan of Action... Chapter 0 - Evaluation Program... Chapter - Contingency Strategy... Chapter - Glossary of Terms... Chapter - List of Acronyms... Chapter 4 References... List of Figures & Maps Figure : MDH City of Bertha Drinking Water Supply Management Area (DWSMA) Map... i Figure : Todd Co. GIS: 008 Air Photo City of Bertha DWSMA Map... 4 Figure : Todd Co. GIS: 008 Air Photo & Parcel Overlay City of Bertha DWSM A Map... 5 Figure 4: City of Bertha Zoning Map... 6 Figure 5: Todd Co. GIS: Zoning Map for Bertha Township & area outside city limits... 7

3 Table of Contents - Continued Page List of Tables Table : Assessment Results for the Data Elements... 4 Table : Potential Contamination Sources and Assigned Risk for the IWMZ... 7 Table : Potential Contamination Sources and Assigned Risk for the Rest of the DWSMA... 8 Table 4: Expected Land and Water Use Changes... 8 Table 5: Issues, Problems, and Opportunities... 0 Table 6: Controls and Programs of the City of Bertha... 0 Table 7: Local Agency Controls and Programs... Table 8: State and Federal Agency Controls and Programs... Table 9: WHP Plan of Action... 5 Table 0: Cooperating Agencies List... List of Appendices Appendix I: MDH WHP Plan Part I: WHPA and DWSMA Delineations & Vulnerability Assessments (on file at City Hall) Appendix II: Todd County GIS: 008 Air Photo Map of Potential Contamination Sources (map of wells identified and spreadsheet)... 8 Appendix III: Contingency Strategy (on file at City Hall)... --

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5 Forward This document presents the amended and updated wellhead protection (WHP) plan for the City of Bertha that will help provide for an adequate and safe drinking water supply for community residents. It contains the following components: Assessment of the data elements used to prepare the plan; Delineation of the wellhead protection area; Delineation of the drinking water supply management area; Assessments of well and drinking water supply management area vulnerability; Impact of land and water use changes on the public water supply well(s) used by the water supplier; Issues, problems, and opportunities affecting the well(s), well water, and the drinking water supply management area; Wellhead protection goals for this plan; Objectives and plan of action for achieving the wellhead protection goals; Evaluation program for assessing the effectiveness of this plan; and Contingency strategy to address an interruption of the water supply. Water Supply Wells Included in This Plan Unique Number Well Name or Number Use/Status Well # Primary 604 Well # Primary P = Primary Water Supply Well, E = Emergency Backup Well, S = Seasonal Well WHP Plan Manager Adam Templin P.O. Box 65, City of Bertha, MN WHP Team Members Adam Templin, Utilities Superintendent, City of Bertha Shaun Nelson, Maintenance, City of Bertha Janet Umland, Clerk, City of Bertha Dean Klebs, Mayor, City of Bertha Steve Kuhnke, Chairman, Bertha Township Byron Hartung, Supervisor, Bertha Township Kelly Messer, City Resident Amy Piekarski, Water Planner, Todd County Soil & Water Conservation District Garry Johanson, Administrator, Todd County Planning & Zoning Written By Gail Haglund, Hydrologist, Minnesota Department of Health Mark Wettlaufer, Planner, Minnesota Department of Health

6 Chapter - Introduction. Background The wellhead protection (WHP) plan for the City of Bertha is being amended in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH). The second part of the city s original WHP Plan was approved by MDH in December 7, 00. The State WHP Rule requires community water suppliers to amend their plan every 0 years (starting in year 8) so that the plan remains current and reflects any changes to the public water supply system, land use, contaminant issues, etc. that may have occurred during the time the original WHP plan was it place. WHP plans are amended to keep up with both new challenges and new opportunities to protect the public water supply wells and aquifer used by the city. This plan contains specific actions that the city will take to fulfill WHP requirements that are specified under Minnesota Rules, part to Also, the support that Minnesota state agencies, federal agencies, Todd County and others will provide is presented to identify their roles in protecting the city s drinking water supply. The plan is effective for 0 years after the approval date specified by MDH and the city is responsible for implementing its WHP plan of action, as described in Table 9 of this report. Furthermore, the city will evaluate the status of plan implementation at least every twoand-one-half years to identify whether its WHP plan is being implemented on schedule.. Plan Appendices Much of the technical information that was used to prepare this plan is contained in the appendices but is summarized in the main body of this plan. In particular: Appendix I contains the first part of the plan, consisting of the delineation of the wellhead protection area (WHPA), the drinking water supply management area (DWSMA), and the vulnerability assessments for the public water supply well(s) and the DWSMA. This part of the plan is summarized in Chapter. Appendix II contains the inventory of potential contamination sources. This inventory is discussed in Chapter 4 in terms of assigning risk to the city s water supply and is also discussed in Chapter 6, relating to issues, problems or opportunities. Appendix III contains the contingency strategy to provide for an alternate water supply if there is a disruption caused by contamination or mechanical failure. This information is discussed in Chapter.. Plan Development Milestones: Scoping Two Meeting Held December 7, 0 ( , Subp. ) Scoping Two Letter Dated December 9, 0 ( , Subp. ) WHP Management Plan Submitted to March 4, 0 Local Units of Government (LGU s) ( , Subp. ) WHP Management Plan Review Received from LGU s May 4, 0 ( , Subp.

7 Management Plan Review Comments Considered May 4, 0 ( , Subp. ) Public Hearing Conducted May 4, 0 ( , Subp. 4) WHP Management Plan Submitted to MDH June 4, 0 ( , Subp. ) Final WHP Plan Review & Notice September 4, 0 ( , Subp. 4) Chapter - Identification and Assessment of the Data Elements Used to Prepare the Plan The data elements that are included in this plan were used to delineate the WHPA and the DWSMA and to assess DWSMA and well vulnerability and document the need for the WHP measures that will be implemented to help protect the city s water supply from potential sources of contamination. The city met with representatives from MDH on two occasions to discuss data elements that are specified in Minnesota Rules, part , for preparing a WHP plan. (See Part I of the WHP Plan in Appendix I for more information.) The first scoping meeting, held on March 4, 0 addressed the data elements that were needed to support the delineation of the WHPA, the DWSMA, and the well(s) and DWSMA vulnerability assessments. The second scoping meeting, held on December 7, 0 discussed the data elements required to ) identify potential risks to the public water supply and ) develop effective management strategies to protect the public water supply in relation to well and DWSMA vulnerability. The results of each meeting were communicated to the city by MDH through a formal scoping decision notice. Not all of the data elements listed in the WHP rule had to be addressed in the WHP plan because of the nonvulnerable nature of the city s source of drinking water. The following table presents the data element assessment results relative to the overall impact that each data element has on the four items listed. Table is the assessment of the present and future implications of the data elements on the four planning activities. The data elements that are marked high (H) are considered to have a direct implication or impact on the activity. Data elements that have an indirect or marginal impact on an activity are shown as moderate (M). A data element that has little if any impact is shown as low (L). The source of the data is shown under Data Source. The Availability of Data is Yes if planning needs are met and No if they are not.

8 Table - Assessment Results for the Data Elements The data elements that are shaded are not required because of the nonvulnerable setting but are included in the table for information purposes only. Present and Future Implications Data Element Use of the Well (s) Delineation Criteria Quality and Quantity of Well Water Land and groundwater Use in DWSMA Data Source Precipitation MN Climatology Office Geology Maps and geologic descriptions M H M H MGS, DNR, USGS, Consultant Reports Subsurface data H H H H MGS, MDH, MPCA, DNR, MDA Borehole geophysics H H L H MGS, Consultant Reports Surface geophysics M M L M DNR, MPCA, Consultant Reports Maps and soil descriptions NRCS Eroding lands NRCS Soils Maps and soil descriptions Eroding lands Water Resources Watershed units DNR, USGS List of public waters DNR Shoreland classifications DNR Wetlands map LMIC Floodplain map FEMA Land Use Parcel boundaries map L H L H County Political boundaries map L H L L County PLS map L H L L City, MGEO Sanborn Fire Maps, Historical Society, Land use map and inventory H L H H City Records, County Comprehensive land use map M L H H City, County Zoning map M L H H City, County Public Utility Services Transportation routes and corridors Storm/sanitary sewers and PWS system map City Oil and gas pipelines map LMIC Public drainage systems map or list County, LMIC Records of well construction, maintenance, and use H H H M City, CWI, MDH files Surface Water Quantity Stream flow data L L L L DNR, USGS, Metro Council Ordinary high water mark data DNR Permitted withdrawals DNR 4

9 Present and Future Implications Data Element Use of the Well (s) Delineation Criteria Quality and Quantity of Well Water Land and groundwater Use in DWSMA Data Source Protected levels/flows DNR Water use conflicts DNR Groundwater Quantity Permitted withdrawals H H H H DNR Groundwater use conflicts M M H H DNR Water levels H H H M DNR, MPCA, MDA, MDH, City Surface Water Quality Stream and lake water quality management classification DNR Monitoring data summary MPCA, SWCD, WSD/WMO Groundwater Quality Monitoring data H H H H MPCA, MDH Isotopic data M M M M MDH Tracer studies M M M M Not Available (default description) Contamination site data MPCA, MDA Property audit data from contamination sites City, MPCA MPCA and MDA spills/release reports City, MPCA 5

10 Chapter - Delineation of the Wellhead Protection Area, Drinking Water Supply Management Area and Vulnerability Assessments A detailed description of the process used for ) delineating the WHPA and the DWSMA, and ) preparing the vulnerability assessments of the city water supply well(s) and DWSMA is presented in the first part of the WHP Plan and included in Appendix I. The City of Bertha requested that MDH do this work and it was performed by Gail Haglund who is licensed as a geoscientist by the State of Minnesota.. WHPA and DWSMA Delineation Figure shows the boundaries of the WHPA and the DWSMA. The WHPA was delineated using computer simulations of groundwater movement to generate the underground capture zones for city Wells (Unique No ), (Unique No. 604). The DWSMA boundaries were designated using the following criteria: Center-lines of highways, streets, roads, or railroad rights-of-ways; Public Land Survey coordinates; Property or fence lines; Center-lines of public drainage systems; Public utility service lines, and Political boundaries.. Well Vulnerability Assessment The construction and water quality obtained from each primary well used by the City of Bertha is included in the assessment of well vulnerability. The vulnerability of the city wells is considered low because they are constructed so that each well is adequately sealed into the borehole and does not pump water that contains human-caused contaminants.. DWSMA Vulnerability Assessment The low vulnerability assigned to the DWSMA (Figure ) was determined using geologic, soils, and groundwater chemistry information and indicates that at least 0 feet of clay-rich geological material covers the source water aquifer. (See Part I of the WHP Plan in Appendix ) 6

11 Chapter 4 - Establishing Priorities and Assigning Risk to Potential Contamination Sources The types of potential contamination sources that may exist within the DWSMA were derived from the information collected to satisfy the data element requirements (Chapter ). The impact assigned to each data element as part of the assessment process (Table ) was used to assess the types of potential contamination sources that may present a risk to the city s drinking water supply. The low vulnerability assessment for the DWSMA indicates that, generally, only wells, other types of boreholes, excavations that may reach the aquifer, and certain types of Environmental Protection Agency Class V Wells are likely to impact the city wells. 4. Contaminants of Concern None of the human-caused contaminants regulated under the federal Safe Drinking Water Act have been detected at levels indicating that any well itself serves to draw contaminants into the aquifer as a result of pumping. Iron and manganese are naturally occurring contaminants found in the City of Bertha s water supply. Their presence indicates that the aquifer receives recharge over a long time period and is not likely to be directly impacted by land uses. The City of Bertha is in the process of upgrading their water treatment plant to better sequester iron and manganese from their water supply. 4. Inventory Results and Risk Assessment A map and description of the locations of potential contamination sources (wells) is presented in Appendix II. A summary of the results for the IWMZ is listed in Table and Table presents these results for the remainder of the DWSMA. The priority assigned to each type of potential contamination source addresses ) the number inventoried, ) its proximity to a city well, ) the capability of local geologic conditions to absorb a contaminant, 4) the effectiveness of existing regulatory controls, 5) the time required for the City of Bertha to obtain cooperation from governmental agencies that regulate it, and 6) the administrative, legal, technical, and financial resources needed. A high (H) risk potential implies that the potential source type has the greatest likelihood to negatively impact the city s water supply and should receive highest priority for management. A low (L) risk potential implies that a lower priority for implementing management measures is assigned. Table - Potential Contamination Sources and Assigned Risk for the IWMZ Source Type Total Level of Risk City Well # (Unique # 04 was sealed in 998; MDH Sealing Record # HO4074) L 7

12 Table - Potential Contamination Sources and Assigned Risk for the Rest of the DWSMA Potential Source Type Total Number Number Within Emergency Response Area and Level of Risk Number Within Remainder of the DWSMA and Level of Risk Monitoring Well 0 L Domestic Wells L Not in use former Creamery Well* (* Note: The unused unsealed creamery well noted above is a former interconnect to the city water supply and is just outside of the boundary of the DWSMA.) Chapter 5 - Impact of Land and Water Use Changes on the Public Water Supply Well(s) The city estimates that the following changes to the physical environment, land use, surface water, and groundwater may occur over the 0-year period that the WHP plan is in effect (Table 4). This is needed to determine whether new potential sources of contamination may be introduced in the future and to identify future actions for addressing these anticipated sources. Land and water use changes may introduce new contamination sources or result in changes to groundwater use and quality. The anticipated changes may occur within the jurisdictional authority of the city, although some may not. Table 4 describes the anticipated changes to the physical environment, land use, and surface water or groundwater in relationship to the ) influence that existing governmental land and water programs and regulations may have on the anticipated change, and ) administrative, technical, and financial considerations of the City of Bertha and property owners within the DWSMA. Table 4 - Expected Land and Water Use Changes Expected Change (Physical Environment, Land Use, Surface Water, Groundwater) Physical Environment: No Changes in the physical environment are anticipated in the Bertha DWSMA that would impact the low vulnerable aquifer & PWS Wells. Impact of the Expected Change On the Source Water Aquifer Influence of Existing Government Programs and Regulations on the Expected Change Administrative, Technical, and Financial Considerations Due to the Expected Change None anticipated at this time. None anticipated at this time. None anticipated at this time. Land Use: No major changes in land use in the DWSMA are anticipated. Some homes may be built in the NE part of the City. In 0, the city is replacing water mains & building a new water treatment plant. These changes may result in a slight increase in water use. Potential for slight increase in water use. City hook up requirements require use of the water system if new homes or businesses are constructed in the City / DWSMA in close proximity to the water distribution system.. None anticipated at this time. 8

13 Surface Water: Not Applicable to NV PWS. Groundwater: No major changes in land use or water use are anticipated. No changes in the pumping of the existing city wells or new high capacity wells in the DWSMA were identified at this time. Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable None anticipated at this time. None anticipated at this time. None anticipated at this time. Chapter 6 - Issues, Problems, and Opportunities 6. Identification of Issues, Problems and Opportunities The City of Bertha has identified water and land use issues and problems and opportunities related to the aquifer used by the city water supply wells, the quality of the well water, or land or water use within the DWSMA. The city assessed input from public meetings and written comments it received, the data elements identified by MDH during the scoping meetings, and the status and adequacy of the city s official controls and plans on land and water uses, in addition to those of local, state, and federal government programs. The results of this effort are presented in the following table, which defines the nature and magnitude of contaminant source management issues in the city s DWSMA. Identifying issues, problems and opportunities, including resource needs, enables the city to take advantage of opportunities that may be available to make effective use of existing resources, set meaningful priorities for source management and solicit support for implementing specific source management strategies. 6. Comments Received There have been several occasions for local governments, state agencies, and the general public to identify issues and comment on the city s WHP plan. At the beginning of the planning process, local units of government were notified that the city was going to develop its WHP plan and were given the opportunity to identify issues and comment. A public information meeting was held to review the results of the delineation of the wellhead protection area, DWSMA, and the vulnerability assessments. The meetings of the city s wellhead protection team were open to the public. Also, a public hearing was held before the completed WHP plan was sent to MDH for state agency review and approval. At this time, no comments have been received on the Bertha WHP Plan. 9

14 Issue Identified Well # is within the R.O.W. of State Hwy. 7. (R.O.W. is 65 wide from Center.) The Bertha High School may construct an irrigation well. Impacted Feature Public Water Supply Well may be impacted by MNDOT road work or potential accidents. Increased pumping and use of the aquifer. Table 5 - Issues, Problems, and Opportunities Problem Associated with the Identified Issue Potential damage to the well casing could allow potential contaminants to enter the aquifer and impact the city water supply. Increased pumping may potentially impact the aquifer Opportunity Associated with the Identified Issue Make MNDOT, local responders aware of well locations & take precautions when working in this area. City moves well out of R.O.W. if well needs to be replaced in the future. Encourage use of the city water supply to the extent practical. If the school constructs the irrigation well, encourage water use conservation & protection of the well itself. Adequacy of Existing Controls to Address the Issue City has no authority over MNDOT R.O.W. The City does not have authority to prohibit the construction of the well. Physical construction of the well is regulated by MDH. DNR issues appropriation permit to regulate water use. Chapter 7 - Existing Authority and Support Provided by Local, State, and Federal Governments In addition to its own controls, the City of Bertha will rely upon partnerships formed with local units of government, state agencies, and federal agencies with regulatory controls or resource management programs in place to help implement its WHP plan. The level of support that a local, state, and federal agency can provide depends on its legal authority, as well as the resources available to local governments. 7. Existing Controls and Programs of the City of Bertha Table 6 shows the legal controls and/or programs that the city has identified to support the management of potential contamination sources within the DWSMA. Table 6 - Controls and Programs of the City of Bertha Type of Control City of Bertha: Land Use Control Ordinance and Building Permits City of Bertha: Hook up requirements to the water supply system and cross connection program Program Description Protects the Health, Safety and General Welfare of the community through good planning. Reduces conflicts between different land uses and provides an opportunity to establish standards and guidelines to offset potential risk posed by a land use and / or improper construction practices. Increases the use and support of city infrastructure. Reduces the risk that poor management of wells will become a pathway for contaminants and the pumping of other wells will impact contaminant movement to the city wells. 0

15 7. Local Government Controls and Programs The following departments or programs within Todd County may be able to assist the city with issues relating to potential contamination sources that ) have been inventoried or ) may result from changes in land and water use within the DWSMA: Government Unit Bertha Township Todd County Todd County & SWCD Table 7 - Local Agency Controls and Programs Name of Control/Program Land Use Control Ordinance Land Use Control Ordinances Water Management Plan Program Description Protects the health and safety of township residents through good planning. Establishes land use zoning districts to reduce conflicts between land uses. Provides a local opportunity to establish standards and guidelines to offset potential risk of some land uses. Same as above. Provides support and overall framework for land use planning in the County. Provides mechanism to set local water resource planning priorities in Todd County. Helps coordinate local resources to address priority surface and groundwater protection 7. State Agency and Federal Agency Support MDH will serve as the contact for enlisting the support of other state agencies on a case-by-case basis regarding technical or regulatory support that may be applied to the management of potential contamination sources. Participation by other state agencies and the federal government is based on legal authority granted to them and resource availability. Furthermore, MDH administers state regulations that affect specific potential sources of contamination and can provide technical assistance to property owners to comply with these regulations. The following table identifies the specific regulatory programs or technical assistance that state and federal agencies may provide to the City of Bertha to support implementation of the WHP plan. It is likely that other opportunities for assistance may be available over the 0-year period that the plan is in effect due to changes in legal authority or increases in funding granted to state and federal agencies. Therefore, the table references opportunities available when the city s WHP plan was first approved by MDH.

16 Government Unit MN Dept. of Health (MDH) MDH MN Dept. of Natural Resources (DNR) Table 8 - State and Federal Agency Controls and Programs Type of Program State Well Code (Minnesota Rules, Chapter 475) Wellhead Protection Program (WHP) Water appropriation permitting (Minnesota Rules, Chapter 65) Program Description MDH has authority over the construction of new wells and the sealing of wells. MDH staff in the Well Management Program offer technical assistance for enforcing well construction codes, maintaining setback distances for certain contamination sources, and well sealing. MDH has staff that will help the city identify technical or financial support that other governmental agencies can provide to assist with managing potential contamination sources. DNR can require that anyone requesting an increase in existing permitted appropriations, or to pump groundwater, must address concerns regarding the impacts to drinking water if these concerns are included in a WHP plan. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 40 Code of the Federal Regulations 44 Subpart G Automatic closure of the Class V automotive waste disposal wells in a WHPA, inventory of Class V Wells. 7.4 Support Provided by Nonprofit Organizations The Minnesota Rural Water Association can provide a wide variety of technical support ranging from helping to develop / update wellhead protection (WHP) plans, locate and secure funding for implementation and provide on-site technical assistance for the implementation of this plan. Chapter 8 - Goals Goals define the overall purpose for the WHP plan, as well as the end points for implementing objectives and their corresponding actions. The WHP team identified the following goals after considering the impacts that changes in land and water uses may have on drinking water quality over time and future changes that need to be addressed to protect the community s drinking water: Maintain and protect the good quality of water produced from the City of Bertha wells and prevent contamination of the aquifer. Maintain a safe and adequate drinking water supply for community residents to protect their health, and Insure the security of the water system and minimize disruptions to the system.

17 Chapter 9 - Objectives and Plan of Action Objectives provide the focus for ensuring that the goals of the WHP plan are met and that priority is given to specific actions that support multiple outcomes of plan implementation. Both the objectives and the wellhead protection measures (actions) that support them are based on assessing ) the data elements (Chapter ), ) the potential contaminant source inventory (Chapter 4), ) the impacts that changes in land and water use present (Chapter 5) and 4) issues, problems, and opportunities referenced to administrative, financial, and technical considerations (Chapter 6). 9. Objectives The following objectives have been identified to support the goals of the WHP plan for the City of Bertha:. Create awareness and general knowledge about the importance of WHP in the City of Bertha and among Bertha Township residents located in the DWSMA.. Manage the Inner Wellhead Management Zone to prevent contamination of the aquifer near the public supply wells.. Promote proper well management (Sealing of wells and proper well management practices to landowners with private wells.) 4. Gather additional well and aquifer information as opportunities arise to better understand aquifer characteristics in the Bertha area. 5. Track and report WHP implementation efforts to the City Council and MDH. 6. Participate in WHP Meetings with local resource staff (Todd County SWCD & D, MDH, MRWA) to keep current on WHP issues and discuss plan implementation activities and efforts identified. 7. Keep the Emergency / Contigency plan up to date to be prepared for a potential disruption of the water distribution system. 9. WHP Measures and Action Plan Based upon the factors, the WHP team has identified WHP measures that will be implemented by the city over the 0-year period that its WHP plan is in effect. The objective that each measure supports is noted as well as the lead party and any cooperators, the anticipated cost for implementing the measure and the year or years in which it will be implemented. The following categories are used to further clarify the focus that each WHP measure provides, in addition to helping organize the measures listed in the action plan: A. WHP Education B. Well Management C. Spill Prevention and Contigency Planning D. Data Collection E. WHP Planning, Coordination & Reporting

18 9. Establishing Priorities WHP measures reflect the administrative, financial, and technical requirements needed to address the risk to water quality or quantity presented by each type of potential contamination source. Not all of these measures can be implemented at the same time, so the WHP team assigned a priority to each. A number of factors must be considered when WHP action items are selected and prioritized (part , subpart ): Contamination of the public water supply wells by substances that exceed federal drinking water standards. Quantifiable levels of contamination resulting from human activity. The location of potential contaminant sources relative to the wells. The number of each potential contaminant source identified and the nature of the potential contaminant associated with each source. The capability of the geologic material to absorb a contaminant. The effectiveness of existing controls. The time needed to acquire cooperation from other agencies and cooperators. The resources needed, i.e., staff, money, time, legal, and technical resources. The City of Bertha assigned priority rank for WHP measures below. The following table lists each measure that will be implemented over the 0-year period that the city s WHP plan is in effect, including the priority assigned to each measure. 4

19 A. WHP EDUCATION: Table 9 - WHP Plan of Action Implementation Action Items Implementation Time Frame Action # Description Priority Responsible Party & Cooperators Cost Update Plan Distribute the MN Rural Water Association s (MRWA) Where Does My Drinking Water Come From? to landowners in the DWSMA and city residents. Post the brochure at city hall. High WHP Mgr. MDH / MRWA Planner Printing Costs, Postage X Prepare a news release about the importance of well management and well sealing and publish it in the Independent News Herald and County Courier. High WHP Mgr. MDH or MRWA, Todd Co. SWCD & D Staff Time X X X Prepare a news release about the Bertha WHP Plan. Publish it in the local paper and / or include with utility bill. Describe what WHP is and the goals and some of the activities in the WHP Plan. High City Staff MDH, MRWA $00 plus Staff Time X 4 Provide MRWA Water Week Educational Material to local 4 th Grade School Teachers and obtain their participation. High WHP Mgr. Staff time Annual Activity 5 Hold an Open House & tour of the new water treatment plant. Use the event as an opportunity to highlight WHP, information about local geology, the city water supply and water conservation. High WHP Mgr. & City Staff MDH or MRWA Staff Time, $400 X 6 Annually contact the Todd County Water Planner / SWCD & D about opportunities to promote and educate the public about local groundwater and drinking water protection (Envirothon, Water Festivals, etc.). Participate / support activities as requested. High WHP Mgr. Todd Co. Water Planner Staff Time Annual Activity 7 Put the MDH public service announcement about WHP and drinking water protection on the local radio as determined by the City. Obtain the audio clip from the MDH Planner. Medium WHP Mgr. MDH Planner X X X 5

20 B. WELL MANAGEMENT Implementation Action Items Implementation Time Frame Action # Description Priority Responsible Party & Cooperators Cost Update Plan Municipal Well Management : Inner Zone Management Activities (00 radius of public water supply wells) City staff will monitor for new potential contaminant sources and setback requirements within the IMMZ (00 ) of the PWS wells. If new contaminant sources are identified, staff will take steps needed to protect the public water supply wells. Very High WHP Mgr. City Utility Staff Staff Time X X X X X X X X X X City Utility staff will assist MDH in updating the IWMZ survey form every -5 years for all public supply wells. High City Staff MDH Staff Time X X X Maintain existing area around the city wells as open space to provide long term protection of the city wells & water supply. Remind council on the importance to protect area. High WHP Mgr. City Council Staff Time X X X X X X X X X 4 Send MNDOT a map of the DWSMA and remind them of the locations of the city wells near the R.O.W. and to take precautions when working near the city wells. High WHP Mgr. MNDOT X Municipal Well Management: Seal Former Creamery Well 5 Seal former Creamery well that had been used as an interconnect and back up water supply for the City of Bertha that is currently not in use. Apply for grant funds to help reduce costs to seal the well. Very High WHP Mgr. SWCD & D, MDH/MRWA sealing costs unknown X 6

21 WELL MANAGEMENT, Continued Implementation Action Items Implementation Time Frame Action # Description Priority Responsible Party & Cooperators Cost Update Plan Class V Wells: 6 Step : Identify any potential automotive Class V wells in the DWSMA. Step : If a Class V Well is identified, work with MDH Planner to provide the property owner with management or permitting options. High WHP Mgr. MDH Staff Time This measure describes the importance of identifying a Class V Well and steps to take if one is identified. Private Well Management: 7 Provide information on the proper management and sealing of wells to landowners in the DWSMA and why this is important. Keep MDH private well management information on file at city hall for future use and promotion. High WHP Mgr., City Staff MDH, MRWA, Todd Co. SWCD & D Staff Time X X 8 Provide Bertha Twp. Planning & Zoning staff information about managing and sealing wells and why this is important to promote to landowners in the DWSMA and township. Medium WHP Mgr., City Staff Twp. Staff Time X 9 Contact the Todd County SWCD / Water Planner about the availability of well sealing cost share funds and provide this information to landowners in the DWSMA. Very High City Staff Todd Co. Water Planner, SWCD& D Staff Time X X 7

22 WELL MANAGEMENT, Continued Implementation Action Items Implementation Time Frame Action # Description Priority Responsible Party & Cooperators Cost Update Plan High Capacity Wells: 0 Step. : Identify any new high capacity well that is proposed for construction in or within one mile of the DWSMA. Step : If a high capacity well is identified: contact MDH Hydrologist to evaluate the effect that proposed pumping may have on the boundaries of the delineated WHP area, and work with MDH Hydrologist, DNR and high capacity well owner to minimize potential impacts that pumping may have on water quantity or quality of the public water supply. Very High WHP Mgr. MDH, DNR Staff Time This measure describes the importance of identifying a High Capacity Well in or within mile of the DWSMA, and steps to take if one is identified. Work with the Bertha School District to encourage the use of the water supply system. However if an irrigation well is to be constructed in the future, work with them on the placement, management and use of the well to the extent practical so it does not impact the city water supply wells or aquifer. Very High WHP Mgr. MDH, DNR As Needed 8

23 C. SPILL RESPONSE AND CONTIGENCY PLANNING: Implementation Action Items Implementation Time Frame Action # Description Priority Responsible Party & Cooperators Cost Update Plan Provide a map of the DWSMA to MNDOT, the local fire dept. and first responders to alert them to the location of the city wells and importance of responding to and cleaning up a spill. High City Staff Fire Dept., First Responders, MNDOT Staff Time X X X In 0, update the WHP Plan Emergency and Contigency Plan to reflect all upgrades and changes made to the water distribution system based on the capital improvement project in 0. Submit a copy to MDH SWP Planner. Every years review and update the emergency contingency plan to be prepared to adequately respond to a disruption in the city water supply. High WHP Mgr. City Staff X X X X X D. DATA COLLECTION Implementation Action Items Implementation Time Frame Action # Description Priority Responsible Party & Cooperators Cost Update Plan Contact MDH Hydrologist to evaluate options and develop a plan to complete an aquifer test (pump test) to better determine aquifer transmissivity (ability of water to move through the aquifer). Very High City Staff MDH Staff Time X 9

24 E. WELLHEAD PROTECTION RECOGNITION PLANNING, COORDINATION and REPORTING Implementation Action Items Implementation Time Frame Action # Description Priority Responsible Party & Cooperators Cost Update Plan Request Bertha Township to include a map of the Bertha DWSMA with their comprehensive plan and zoning ordinance. High WHP Mgr. Bertha Twp. Staff Time X Request Bertha Township notify the City of Bertha regarding any proposed changes in land use, conditional use permits or changes to the zoning districts that may impact groundwater quality or quantity in the DWSMA. High WHP Mgr. Bertha Twp. Staff Time X Request the County Water Planner to incorporate the DWSMA Map, WHP issues and activities when the County Water Management Plan is being updated. High WHP Mgr. Todd Co. SWCD & D Staff Time X 4 Review and update as needed the city ordinance and requirements for hooking up to the public water supply to encourage use of the system where it is available. 5 Hold a WHP meeting annually to discuss past year s accomplishments and coordinate upcoming year s activities. High High WHP Mgr., City Clerk WHP Mgr. Todd Co. Water Planner, MDH, WHP Team. Staff Time Staff Time X X X X X X X X X X X 6 Maintain and keep up to date a WHP file that documents all WHP related activities that have been completed. Very High WHP Mgr. Staff Time X X X X X X X X X X 7 Complete a WHP Evaluation Report every.5 years that evaluates the progress of implementing the WHP Measures identified in this plan and the impact of (any) contaminant release on the aquifer supplying the public water supply wells. Submit report to MDH. High WHP Mgr. MDH, MRWA Staff Time X X X 0

25 9.4 Commitments From Cooperators The agencies listed in Table 0 can support the City of Bertha with implementing the WHP measure(s) in which they are identified. Table 0 - Cooperating Agencies List Agency Measure Actions Agency Will Take Todd Co. SWCD & D A-,6; B-5, 7, 9; E-, 5 Provide technical assistance for implementing activities MDH / MRWA (Items may be supported by either MDH or MRWA A-,,(4 MRWA)5,(7 MDH); B-, 5, 7 (MDH 6, 0, ) D- (MDH); E-5, 7 Provide technical assistance for implementing activities unless noted otherwise) MNDOT B-4; C- Support activity DNR B-0, Support activity Chapter 0 - Evaluation Program Evaluation is used to support plan implementation and is required under Minnesota Rules, part , prior to amending the city s WHP plan. Plan evaluation is specified under Measure E- 7 and provides the mechanism for determining whether WHP action items are achieving the intended result or whether they need to be modified to address changing administrative, technical, or financial resource conditions within the DWSMA. The city has identified the following procedures that it will use to evaluate the success with implementing its WHP plan:. An annual briefing to the city council and WHP Team will provide the basis for documenting whether each action step for that year was implemented.. The WHP team will meet annually to assess the status of plan implementation and to identify issues that impact the implementation of action steps throughout the DWSMA;. The city will assess the results of each action item that has been taken annually to determine whether the action item has accomplished its purpose or whether modification is needed. Assessment results will be presented in the annual briefing to the city council and WHP Team. 4. The city will prepare a written report every. 5 years that documents how it has assessed plan implementation and the action items that were carried out. The reports will be sent to MDH every.5 years and also available when MDH holds the first scoping meeting with the city to begin amending the WHP plan. Chapter - Contingency Strategy The WHP plan includes a contingency strategy that addresses disruption of the water supply caused by either contamination or mechanical failure. The city prepared this strategy using a template provided by MDH and presented in Appendix III of this plan.

26 Chapter - Glossary of Terms Data Element. A specific type of information required by the Minnesota Department of Health to prepare a wellhead protection plan. Drinking Water Supply Management Area (DWSMA). The surface and subsurface areas surrounding a public water supply well, including the wellhead protection area, that must be managed by the entity identified in the wellhead protection plan. (Minnesota Rules, part , subpart ). This area is delineated using identifiable landmarks that reflect the scientifically calculated wellhead protection area boundaries as closely as possible. Emergency Response Area (ERA). The part of the wellhead protection area that is defined by a oneyear time of travel within the aquifer that is used by the public water supply well (Minnesota Rules part , subpart ). It is used to set priorities for managing potential contamination sources within the DWSMA. Emergency Standby Well. A well that is pumped by a public water supply system only during emergencies, such as when an adequate water supply cannot be achieved because one or more primary or seasonal water supply wells cannot be used. Inner Wellhead Management Zone (IWMZ). The land that is within 00 feet of a public water supply well (Minnesota Rules, part , subpart 9). The City of Bertha must manage the IWMZ to help protect it from sources of pathogen or chemical contamination that may cause an acute health effect. Nonpoint Source Contamination. Refers to contamination of the drinking water aquifer that is caused by polluted runoff or pollution sources that cannot be attributed to a specifically defined origin, e.g., runoff from agricultural fields, feedlots, or urban areas. Point Source Contamination. Refers to contamination of the drinking water aquifer that is attributed to pollution arising from a specifically defined origin, such as discharge from a leaking fuel tank, a solid waste disposal site, or an improperly constructed or sealed well. Primary Water Supply Well. A well that is regularly pumped by a public water supply system to provide drinking water. Seasonal Water Supply Well. A well that is only used to provide drinking water during certain times of the year, either when pumping demand cannot be met by the primary water supply well(s) or for a facility, such as a resort, that is closed to the public on a seasonal basis. Vulnerability. Refers to the likelihood that one or more contaminants of human origin may enter either ) a water supply well that is used by the City of Bertha or ) an aquifer that is a source of public drinking water. WHP Area (WHPA). The surface and subsurface area surrounding a well or well field that supplies a public water system, through which contaminants are likely to move toward and reach the well or well field (Minnesota Statutes, part 0I.005, subdivision 4). WHP Plan Goal. An overall outcome of implementing the WHP plan, e.g., providing for a safe and adequate drinking water supply. WHP Measure. A method adopted and implemented by a City of Bertha to prevent contamination of a public water supply, and approved by the Minnesota Department of Health under Minnesota Rules, parts to WHP Plan Objective. A capability needed to achieve one or more WHP goals, e.g., implementing WHP measures to address high priority potential contamination sources within 5 years.

27 Chapter - List of Acronyms CWI - County Well Index DNR - Minnesota Department of Natural Resources EPA - United States Environmental Protection Agency FSA - Farm Security Administration MDA - Minnesota Department of Agriculture MDH - Minnesota Department of Health MGS - Minnesota Geological Survey MN DOT - Minnesota Department of Transportation MN GEO - Minnesota Geospatial Information Office MPCA - Minnesota Pollution Control Agency NRCS - Natural Resource Conservation Service SWCD - Soil and Water Conservation District UMN - University of Minnesota USDA - United States Department of Agriculture USGS - United States Geological Survey Chapter 4 References MN Rural Water Association (MRWA) website: MN Department of Health (MDH) Source Water Protection website MN Department of Health (MDH) Drinking Water Protection website: MN Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) website: MN Department of Natural Resources (MN DNR) Water Management website: MN Department of Agriculture (MDA) Protecting Our Lands & Waters website: US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Source Water protection website:

28 Figure : Todd County GIS: 008 Air Photo City of Bertha DWSMA Map

29 COUNTY 4 QUAIL TRL I 0 HWY 7 N MAIN ST W Todd County Soil, Water, Conservation, Development District GIS Unit 47 Central Ave - Ste Long Prairie, MN 5647 Office: (0) Fax: (0) toddgis@co.todd.mn.us US 7 MEADOW AVE NW CHERRY ST NW ND ST NW ND AVE NW ^_^_ HWY 7 S 4TH ST NW ST AVE NW US 7 COUNTY CENTRAL AVE N COUNTY ST ST SW CENTRAL AVE S CHERRY ST NE ST AVE NE ST ST SE ND AVE NE ST ST NE ST AVE NE ST AVE SE ST ST SE ND AVE SE ND AVE SE ND ST SE 444TH ST RD AVE NE MAIN ST E RD AVE SE This map is a compilation of records and data located in various government offices affecting the area shown, and is to be used for reference purposes only. Todd County is not responsible for any inaccuracies herein contained. Use of this map constitutes acceptance of this disclaimer. Please contact toddgis@co.todd.mn.us to report discrepancies or errors. BERTHA TOWNSHIP COUNTY ,0,980,640 Feet City of Bertha Wellhead Protection Plan ^_ DWSMA City wells General Bertha DWSMA Todd County Minnesota Emergency Responce Area Wellhead Protection Area DWSMA City of Bertha Streams Map Resources: DWSMA, WPA, and ERA MN Department of Health information published December 9, 00 Road Network Todd County E9 System 008 Air Photography Date: /6/0 Path: K:\Projects\Bertha\Projects\Citywide_Mapx7.mxd

30 Figure : Todd County GIS: 008 Air Photo & Parcel Overlay City of Bertha DWSMA Map

31 TH AVE COUNTY QUAIL TRL BERTHA TOWNSHIP HWY 7 N MEADOW AVE NW KILBURN ST NW ^_^_ ND AVE NW ST ST NW MAIN ST W HWY 7 S ND AVE SW TH ST NW ND ST NW ST AVE NW ST ST SW CENTRAL AVE N CENTRAL AVE S ST AVE NE ST AVE SE ST ST NE MAIN ST E ST ST SE ND ST SE ND AVE SE ND AVE NEND ST NE RD AVE NE RD AVE SE City of Bertha Wellhead Protection Plan DWSMA Parcel Boundaries Bertha DWSMA Todd County Minnesota ^_ City wells Emergency Responce Area Wellhead Protection Area DWSMA City of Bertha Parcel Boundaries Streams I Todd County Soil, Water, Conservation, Development District GIS Unit 47 Central Ave - Ste Long Prairie, MN 5647 Office: (0) Fax: (0) toddgis@co.todd.mn.us This map is a compilation of records and data located in various government offices affecting the area shown, and is to be used for reference purposes only. Todd County is not responsible for any inaccuracies herein contained. Use of this map constitutes acceptance of this disclaimer. Please contact toddgis@co.todd.mn.us to report discrepancies or errors US ,0 Feet Map Resources: DWSMA, WPA, and ERA MN Department of Health information published December 9, 00 Road Network Todd County E9 System 008 Air Photography Date: /6/0 Path: K:\Projects\Bertha\Projects\Parcels_Mapx7.mxd

32 Figure 4: City of Bertha Zoning Map

33 00' 00' 57.0' TO WADENA R-R 66' 475' 7.69' M-H 8.4' C 00' 00' 00' 00' 50' 00' ' 50' 00' 5 50' 4 9.6' 4' 50' 50' 5' 66.07' PARK 7.98' 6.84' 00' 66' 4' 48' 7' 8 /' 8' ' 8 88' ALLEY /' /' ' /' /' 7 6 /' /' /' 00' 00' 00' 00' 00' NEW DAY ADDITION 50' 00' 90.0' 7.94' 87.94' 66' 9.5' 8.0' SECOND 6 /' ALLEY /' ' 50.9' 9.76' 48'.6' OFFICIAL ZONING MAP DISTRICTS R-R RURAL RESIDENTIAL R GENERAL RESIDENTIAL M-H MOBILE HOME C COMMERCIAL I INDUSTRIAL F-P FLOOD PLAIN 7 74' 9 5 /' /' 9' 66' /' CHERRY MEADOW STREET 00' 5 ST ' 08.4' 00' 50' 08.4' 89.' /' 48' 0.56' 4' 7.7'.6' ' 6.' ' 55' 48' 4' 44' 66' 4' ALLEY /' /' ' 5' /' /' ' /' /' 44' STREET ALLEY FOURTH 6 5 ALLEY 4 /' /' /' ' 9' ' 44' KILBOURN STREET 00' ' 44' ' ALLEY /' /' 98.7' 66' 00' 9' 6 00' ' 7 /' ' /' 8' STREET 4' 66' 4' 44' SECOND STREET NORTH 00' 0.78' 8' 66' ' ' ' 6 /' /' 50' 50' 9 8' ' 50' /' /' /' /' 4' 50' 50' /' 4 8' ' 50' 4' /' ' 4' 9 50' 0 /' ' ' 07' 64' ' 50' 00' FIRST STREET NORTH KILBURN'S 4TH ADDITION 4' 5 4 4' /' /' 4.5' 0' KILBURN'S RD ADDITION 4' 50' 45' 50' 50' 50' 6' 8' 9 /' 4' ' /' 50' 50' /' /' 50' LOT LOT LOT LOT 40' LOT 6 KILBURN'S ND ADDITION C 00' R SECOND AVENUE WEST TO EAGLE BEND 4 LOT 5 80' LOT 7 KILBURN'S RD LOT 8 /' /' I I 4' 8 /' 80' 9' 66' 4' 55.5' LOT KILBURN'S ADDITION MAIN WESTERGREN'S ADDITION 50' 50' ' 04' 7' 8 75' LOT 8' 9' LOT 5.5' 9' ' LOT 0 50' 79' 4' 50' 50' 4' 4.5' 5' 4.8' 44.09' 44.9' 44.68' 44.99' 45.59' 45.8' 46.' 46.48' 46.78' 4' 5' 48.09' ' 5' 5' 5' 50' 50' 7.'.68' 40.0' 40.0' ' 0' 0' 4' 4' 5' 5' ' 5' 5' 40' 4 40' 75' 75' 40' 40' 40' 9'.'.' 75' 75' 4' 47.78' 5' 50' 48.7' 48.48' ' 49.0' ' 49.66' 49.96' 50.6' 50.55' 5' 50' 4' 65' ' 4 40' 65' 65' R 0' 0' 0.47' 0' 4' 4' 50.85' ' 9.77' 9.9' ' 50' 0' 04.0' 0' 5.5' 5' 4' 4' ' 5' 5' 0' 04.87' 0' 50' 50' ' 5.4' 5.87' 5.44' 54.0' 54.6' 55.' ' 50' 5' 5' 40' 40.0' 40.0' ' 06.49' 0' 0' 0' 4' 4' 0' 06.7' 0' 40' ' STREET FIRST STREET S. BEAR F-P ' AUDITOR'S SUBDIVISION FIRST AVENUE WEST 5' 00' WESTERGREN'S ND ADDITION 0' CENTRAL AVENUE 65' 49' 0' F-P CREEK GERMOND'S ADDITION.5' Block HOPE CARY'S ADDITION SECOND STREET S ' 4 FIRST AVENUE EAST 55.8' OUTLOT A 545.5' 59.' ' ORIGINAL TOWN GERMOND'S ND ADDITION GOETZ ADD. 64' 4 ' 0 0' R 7.84' 5' 5' 7.06' 9 66' 65' 66' 685' R-R 9.69' 9.68' 9.68' 9.68' 9.68' ' 6.6' 5' 5' 7' SECOND AVENUE EAST.56' 5' 5' 5.07' 49.95' 49.9' 49.9' 49.9' 49.9' 9.97' 5' LOT AUDITOR'S KLIMEK'S 4' 67' 66' RE 4' 8 5' 5' 49.95' 49.9' ' ' ' 95' 8.9' 5' 5' 4.9' 0' 08.6' 0' 4' 5' 5' 0.49' 90' 5.60' 4' HOPE ADDITION ONE 7 6 THIRD AVENUE 4' 5' 0' 09.' 0' HOPE ADDITION EAST 80' 80' 5' 5' 95.46' 4 9.7' 9.5' 90' 98.75' ' 97.' 96.47' 95.70' STRASBURG'S ADDITION 69' 5 LOT 8 4 LOT.67' 64.' 60' 60' 50' 50' 00' 47' 47' VISION 50' 50' 60' 60' 58' SUBD. 46' VACATED ALLEY 5' 5'.49' 4' 4' 4.9' 0'.8' 0' 00.47' 64' 60' 89' 75' 64' 65' 660' 5.75' 60.5' 97' 47' 597' 50' 446.7' 459' 466.7' 84.7' 0.7' 0' 56' 0' 8.95' 466.7' 55' ' 80.08' NORTH ' ( IN FEET )

34 Figure 5: Todd County GIS: Zoning Map for Bertha Township & area outside city limits

35 US 7 COUNTY 444TH ST City of Bertha Wellhead Protection Plan DWSMA COUNTY 4 QUAIL TRL HWY 7 N MAIN ST W CHERRY ST NW 4TH ST NW KILBURN ST NW ND ST NW ND AVE NW ND AVE NW ND AVE NW ^_^_ ND AVE SW CHERRY ST NW 4TH ST NW ND ST NW ST ST NW CENTRAL AVE N ST ST SW CHERRY ST NE ST AVE NE ST ST NE ST AVE NE ST AVE SE ST AVE SE ND AVE NE ST ST SE ND ST SE ND ST NE ST ST NE RD AVE NE ST ST SE RD AVE SE MAIN ST E BERTHA TOWNSHIP COUNTY 4 57TH AVE Zoning Bertha DWSMA Todd County Minnesota (AF-) Agriculture/Forestry - HWY 7 S CENTRAL AVE S (AF--OL) Agriculture/Forestry - - Outlot (AF-) Agriculture/Forestry - (AF--OL) Agriculture/Forestry - - Outlot (R-0) Residential - 0 (R-) Residential - (UG) Urban Growth (RT) Rural Townsite 0 (C) Commercial!!!!!!!!!! (LMI) Limited Manufacturing/Industry (S) Shoreland I Todd County Soil, Water, Conservation, Development District GIS Unit 47 Central Ave - Ste Long Prairie, MN 5647 Office: (0) Fax: (0) toddgis@co.todd.mn.us US 7 COUNTY This map is a compilation of records and data located in various government offices affecting the area shown, and is to be used for reference purposes only. Todd County is not responsible for any inaccuracies herein contained. Use of this map constitutes acceptance of this disclaimer. Please contact toddgis@co.todd.mn.us to report discrepancies or errors ,0,980,640 Feet Path: K:\Projects\Bertha\Projects\Zoning_Mapx7.mxd Date: /6/0 ^_ (M) Municipality (PW) Protected Water (RDL) Recreational Development Limited City wells Emergency Responce Area Wellhead Protection Area DWSMA City of Bertha Streams

36 Appendix I: MDH WHP Plan Part I: WHPA & DWSMA Delineation & Vulnerability Assessment for the City of Bertha

37 Amendment to the Wellhead Protection Plan Part I Wellhead Protection Area Delineation Drinking Water Supply Management Area Delineation Well and Drinking Water Supply Management Area Vulnerability Assessments For The City of Bertha October 0 Gail Haglund Minnesota Department of Health

38 Table of Contents Page Glossary of Terms... i Acronyms... ii. Introduction.... Assessment of the Data Elements.... General Descriptions.... Description of the Water Supply System.... Description of the Hydrogeologic Setting Delineation of the Wellhead Protection Area Delineation Criteria Method Used to Delineate the Wellhead Protection Area Results of Model Calibration and Sensitivity Analysis Addressing Model Uncertainty Delineation of the Drinking Water Supply Management Area Summary of Comparisons Between Previous (000) and Current WHPA and DWSMA Delineations Vulnerability Assessments Assessment of Well Vulnerability Assessment of Drinking Water Supply Management Area Vulnerability Selected References Figures... List of Tables Table : Assessment of Data Elements... Table : Water Supply Well Information... Table : Description of the Hydrogeologic Setting... Table 4: Description of WHPA Delineation Criteria... 5 Table 5: Annual Volume of Water Discharged from Water Supply Wells... 6 Table 6: WHPA Code Model Input Parameters... 8 Table 7: Range of Values Used for the ONEKA Model... 9

39 Table of Contents - Continued List of Figures Page Figure : Wellhead Protection Area and Drinking Water Supply Management Area, Bertha, Minnesota... Figure : Local Groundwater Flow Field Estimated From Well Records... 4 Figure : Database Map and Trends of Cross Sections... 5 Figure 4: Geologic Cross Sections A - A and B - B... 6 Figure 5: Combined 0-Year Capture Zones From the WHPA Code and ONEKA Models... 7 Figure 6: Comparison Between New and Old WHPAs and DWSMAs... 8

40 Glossary of Terms Data Element. A specific type of information required by the Minnesota Department of Health to prepare a wellhead protection plan. Drinking Water Supply Management Area (DWSMA). The area delineated using identifiable land marks that reflects the scientifically calculated wellhead protection area boundaries as closely as possible (Minnesota Rules, part , subpart ). Drinking Water Supply Management Area Vulnerability. An assessment of the likelihood that the aquifer within the DWSMA is subject to impact from land and water uses within the wellhead protection area. It is based upon criteria that are specified under Minnesota Rules, part , subpart. Emergency Response Area (ERA). The part of the wellhead protection area that is defined by a oneyear time of travel within the aquifer that is used by the public water supply well (Minnesota Rules, part , subpart ). It is used to set priorities for managing potential contamination sources within the DWSMA. Wellhead Protection. A method of preventing well contamination by effectively managing potential contamination sources in all or a portion of the well s recharge area. Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA). The surface and subsurface area surrounding a well or well field that supplies a public water system, through which contaminants are likely to move toward and reach the well or well field (Minnesota Statutes, part 0I.005, subdivision 4). Well Vulnerability. An assessment of the likelihood that a well is at risk to human-caused contamination, either due to its construction or indicated by criteria that are specified under Minnesota Rules, part , subpart. i

41 Acronyms CWI - County Well Index DNR - Minnesota Department of Natural Resources EPA - United States Environmental Protection Agency FSA - Farm Security Administration MDA - Minnesota Department of Agriculture MDH - Minnesota Department of Health MGS - Minnesota Geological Survey MnDOT - Minnesota Department of Transportation MnGEO - Minnesota Geospatial Information Office MPCA - Minnesota Pollution Control Agency SWCD - Soil and Water Conservation District USDA - United States Department of Agriculture NRCS - Natural Resource Conservation Service UMN - University of Minnesota USGS - United States Geological Survey ii

42 . Introduction The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) amended Part I of the wellhead protection (WHP) plan at the request of the city of Bertha (public water supply identification number 77000). The work was performed in accordance with the Minnesota Wellhead Protection Rule, parts to This report presents the delineation of the wellhead protection area (WHPA), the drinking water supply management area (DWSMA), and the vulnerability assessments for the public water supply wells and DWSMA. Figure shows the boundaries for the WHPA and the DWSMA. The WHPA is defined by a 0-year time of travel. Figure also shows the emergency response area (ERA), which is defined by a -year time of travel. Definitions of rule-specific terms that are used are provided in the Glossary of Terms. This report also documents the technical information that was required to prepare this portion of the WHP plan in accordance with the Minnesota Wellhead Protection Rule. Additional technical information is available from MDH. The wells included in the WHP plan are listed in Table.. Assessment of the Data Elements MDH staff met with representatives of the public water supplier on March 4, 0, for a scoping meeting that identified the data elements required to amend Part I of the WHP plan. Table presents the assessment of these data elements relative to the present and future implications of planning items that are specified in Minnesota Rules, part Table - Assessment of Data Elements Present and Future Implications Data Element Use of the Well (s) Delineation Criteria Quality and Quantity of Well Water Land and Groundwater Use in DWSMA Data Source Precipitation Geology Maps and geologic descriptions M H H H MGS, DNR, USGS, Subsurface data M H H H MGS, MDH, DNR, Borehole geophysics M H H H MGS, City (None Found) Surface geophysics L L L L City (None Found) Maps and soil descriptions Eroding lands Water Resources Watershed units List of public waters Shoreland classifications Wetlands map Floodplain map

43 Present and Future Implications Data Element Use of the Well (s) Delineation Criteria Quality and Quantity of Well Water Land and Groundwater Use in DWSMA Data Source Land Use Parcel boundaries map L H L L Todd County Political boundaries map L H L L MnGEO, City PLS map L H L L MnGEO Land use map and inventory Comprehensive land use map Zoning map Public Utility Services Transportation routes and corridors L H L NA MnGEO Storm/sanitary sewers and PWS system map Oil and gas pipelines map Public drainage systems map or list Records of well construction, maintenance, and use H H H H City, CWI, MDH Files Surface Water Quantity Stream flow data Ordinary high water mark data Permitted withdrawals Protected levels/flows Water use conflicts L L L L None Available Groundwater Quantity Permitted withdrawals H H H H DNR Groundwater use conflicts H H H H DNR Water levels H H H H DNR, MDH, City Surface Water Quality Stream and lake water quality management classification Monitoring data summary Groundwater Quality Monitoring data H H H H MDH Isotopic data M M M M MDH, DNR Tracer studies H H H H Not Available Contamination site data M M M M Not used for Part I WHP Plan Property audit data from contamination sites MPCA and MDA spills/release reports L L L L Not used for Part I WHP Plan Definitions Used for Assessing Data Elements: High (H) - the data element has a direct impact Moderate (M) - the data element has an indirect or marginal impact Low (L) - the data element has little if any impact Shaded - the data element was not required by MDH for preparing the WHP plan

44 Acronyms used in this report are listed on page ii, after the Glossary of Terms.. General Descriptions. Description of the Water Supply System The public water supply obtains its drinking water from two primary wells; Table summarizes information regarding them. Table - Water Supply Well Information Local Well ID Unique Number Use/ Status Casing Diameter (inches) Casing Depth (feet) Well Depth (feet) Date Constructed/ Reconstructed P P Note:. Primary (P) Well. Description of the Hydrogeologic Setting Aquifer Buried Sand Buried Sand Well Vulnerability Not Vulnerable Not Vulnerable The description of the hydrologic setting for the aquifer that is used to supply drinking water is presented in Table. Table - Description of the Hydrogeologic Setting Attribute Descriptor Data Source Aquifer Material Sand Interpreted from well records found in the CWI database. Porosity (type and value) 5% Conservative estimate for glacial materials (Fetter, 988; Freeze and Cherry, 979). Aquifer Thickness Stratigraphic Top Elevation Stratigraphic Bottom Elevation Hydraulic Confinement Reference Value: 5 feet (see original Part I WHP Plan, p. ),6 feet,8 feet Confined Interpreted from well records, and supported with information contained in the county geologic atlas (Setterholm, 007; Peterson, 00). Interpreted from well records, and inferred from information contained in the county geologic atlas (Setterholm, 007; Peterson, 00). Estimated from well records and information contained in the county geologic atlas (Setterholm, 007; Peterson, 00). The representative value is weighted toward the base elevation at the wellfield. Aquifer test, well records, and information contained in the county geologic atlas (Setterholm, 007; Peterson, 00).

45 Table - Continued Attribute Descriptor Data Source Transmissivity (T) Hydraulic Conductivity Groundwater Flow Field Reference Value: 800 ft /day (see original Part I WHP Plan, p. ) Reference Value: ft/day (see original Part I WHP Plan, p. 0) Figure - Local Groundwater Flow Field Estimated from Well Records The aquifer test plan was reviewed and approved on May 8, 0. T was estimated from a 4-hour aquifer test conducted at the wellfield. The reference value was obtained from the reference transmissivity value and using a conservative estimate of 5 feet for aquifer thickness. Defined by using static water level elevations from well records in the CWI database and information contained in the county geologic atlas (Peterson, 00). Several buried sand aquifers have been identified in the Bertha area. Most of these sand layers are relatively thin and of a limited extent. The DNR has established a naming convention for primary sand aquifers. The aquifer serving the city wells is named B and is a pre-wisconsinan glacial sand deposit (Peterson, 00). This sand aquifer lies below the lowest clay-rich till unit of the Browerville formation. Figures and 4 show the distribution of the buried sand units and their stratigraphic relationships with adjacent geologic materials. They were prepared using well record data contained in the CWI database. The geological maps and studies that were used to further define local hydrogeologic conditions are provided in the Selected References section of this report. 4. Delineation of the Wellhead Protection Area 4. Delineation Criteria The boundaries of the WHPA for the public water supplier are shown in Figure. Table 4 describes how the delineation criteria that are specified under Minnesota Rules, part , were addressed. 4

46 Table 4 - Description of WHPA Delineation Criteria Criterion Descriptor How the Criterion was Addressed Flow Boundary Flow Boundary Flow Boundary Daily Volume of Water Pumped Hydrologic Boundaries Geologic Boundaries - See Figure Other High- Capacity Wells See Table 5 Groundwater Flow Field See Figure Aquifer Transmissivity Time of Travel See Table 0 years There are no hydrologic flow boundaries close enough to the public water supply wells to have an impact on their capture areas. The aquifer serving the city wells was represented as a single, confined homogeneous sand layer enclosed by lower permeability clay-rich till layers. The boundaries of the aquifer serving the city wells were mapped using information from the records of existing wells and interpreted from information contained in the county geologic atlas (Setterholm, 007; Peterson, 00). No other high-capacity wells were included in the model. In the original Part I Plan, the impact of pumping at a nearby creamery well was simulated and incorporated into the delineation approach. However, ownership of the creamery facility has changed and the creamery well has not been used since 007. Therefore, the creamery well was not included. Pumping information was obtained from the city and DNR Appropriations Permit PA This was converted to a daily volume pumped by a well. The model calibration process addressed the relationship between the calculated versus observed groundwater flow field. The previous aquifer test plan was approved on May 8, 0; T was determined from Theis analysis of the drawdown and recovery data from a 4-hour aquifer test conducted by MDH. Uncertainty regarding aquifer transmissivity was addressed as described in Section 4.4. The public water supplier selected a 0-year time of travel. Previous pumping values have been reported to the DNR, as required by the city s Groundwater Appropriation Permit PA This information was used to identify the maximum volume of water pumped annually by each well over the previous five-year period, as shown in Table 5. The estimated future pumping amounts for the next five years were provided by the city s engineer (Moore Engineering, Inc.) and are also shown in Table 5. The maximum daily volume of discharge used as an input parameter in the model was calculated by dividing the greatest annual pumping volume by 65 days. For comparison purposes, the pumping rates used in the 000 delineation are also provided in Table 5. 5

47 Table 5 Annual Volume of Water Discharged from Water Supply Wells Well Name Unique No Pumping Amendment Daily Volume (gal/day) Previous Plan Daily Volume (gal/day) ,800,000 0,506,000 0,505,000 9,46,000 9,4,500 8,500,000 8,784 0, ,04,000 8,65,000 7,99,000 8,7,000 7,555,00 8,500,000,60 0,7 System Total 6,84,000 9,,000 8,497,000 7,76,000 6,796,700 7,000,000 5,87 60,74 (Expressed as gallons. Bolding indicates greatest annual pumping volume.) 4. Method Used to Delineate the Wellhead Protection Area The WHPA for this amendment was determined using a combination of two methods, consisting of ) the Wellhead Protection Area Code (WHPA Code), Version.0, developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to provide a basic means for delineating WHPAs (EPA, 99); and ) the analytical groundwater flow method named ONEKA (Barnes and Soule, 00). The resulting WHPA boundaries are a composite of the capture zones calculated using these two approaches (Figure ). The input files for both models are available at MDH upon request. The WHPA Code is a semi-quantitative method for estimating capture zones for wells that produces a conservative estimate of capture zones because aquifer recharge is not used as an input parameter. It is appropriate to use the WHPA Code for this delineation because no flow boundaries are known to exist in the upgradient direction of groundwater flow from the wells, at least in the areas defined by a oneyear and ten-year time of travel. However, it has limited capabilities to address aquifer settings that exhibit variable geologic conditions or variations in the direction of the groundwater flow field. A second code, using the analytical groundwater flow method named ONEKA (Barnes and Soule, 00), was used to assess the probability of impacts that local variations in hydrogeologic conditions may have on a well capture zone. This model treats aquifer properties and the available water level measurements as variable input parameters. The locations of wells, water levels, and the aquifer geometry were evaluated using information from the CWI database. For the solution, ONEKA finds the flow field that best fits the network of water level elevations by varying the values of the aquifer thickness and transmissivity. ONEKA then evaluates the probability of the capture of a given point based on the number of times it is included in the capture areas generated by the total number of solutions. The output from the model is a capture zone probability map for the specified time of travel (0 years). 4. Results of Model Calibration and Sensitivity Analysis Model calibration is a procedure that compares the results of a model based on estimated input values to measured or known values. This procedure can be used to define model validity over a range of input values, or it helps determine the level of confidence with which model results may be used. As a matter of practice, groundwater flow models are usually calibrated using water elevation or flux. 6

48 There is nothing to calibrate for the WHPA Code delineation because it is based on calculating flowpath lines using equations that reflect ) a constant pumping rate, ) direction of groundwater flow, ) hydraulic gradient, 4) aquifer thickness, 5) aquifer permeability, and 6) aquifer porosity. As such, it is a simple calculation of the portion of the aquifer that contributes water, based on the width of the flow field that is affected by pumping. The ONEKA Model is used to support the WHPA Code results by using an iterative process which provides the best fit for the ranges of values assigned to its input parameters. This helps to define the subset of values for which the delineation results are most likely to reflect local hydrogeologic conditions and, therefore, provide the best calibration results. Model sensitivity is the amount of change in model results caused by the variation of a particular input parameter. Because of the simplicity of the WHPA model, the direction and extent of the modeled capture zone may be very sensitive to any of the input parameters: The pumping rate directly affects the volume of the aquifer that contributes water to the well. An increase in pumping rate leads to an equivalent increase in the volume of aquifer within the capture zone, proportional to the porosity of the aquifer materials. However, the pumping rate is based on the results presented in Table 5 and, therefore, is not a variable factor that will influence the delineation of the WHPA. The direction of groundwater flow determines the orientation of the capture area. Variations in the direction of groundwater flow will not affect the size of the capture zone but are important for defining the areas that are the source of water to the well. The ambient groundwater flow field that is defined in Figure provides the basis for determining the extent to which each model run reflects the conceptual understanding of the orientation of the capture area for a well. A hydraulic gradient of zero produces a circular capture zone, centered on the well. As the hydraulic gradient increases, the capture zone changes into an elliptical shape, with the well centered on the down-gradient focal point. The hydraulic gradient was determined by using water level elevations that were taken from wells that have verified locations (Figure ). Generally, the accuracy of the hydraulic gradient determination is directly proportional to the amount of available data that describes the distribution of hydraulic head in the aquifer. The aquifer thickness, permeability, and porosity influence the size and shape of the capture zone. A decrease in either thickness or porosity causes a linear, proportional increase in the areal extent of the capture zone; whereas permeability defines the relative proportions of the capture zone width to length. A decrease in permeability decreases the length of the capture zone and increases the distance to the stagnation point, making the capture zone more circular in shape and centered around the well. 4.4 Addressing Model Uncertainty Using computer models to simulate groundwater flow necessarily involves representing a complicated natural system in a simplified manner. Local geologic conditions may vary within the capture area of the public water supply wells, but the amount of existing information that is needed to accurately define this degree of variability is often not available for portions of the WHPA. In addition, the current capabilities of groundwater flow models may not be sufficient to represent the natural flow system exactly. However, the results are valid within a range defined by the reasonable variation of input parameters for this delineation setting. WHPA Code - The WHPA Code has limited capabilities to address these kinds of uncertainties, other than by using multiple runs in which the following the six input parameters are varied: ) constant pumping rate, ) hydraulic gradient, ) direction of ambient flow, 4) aquifer thickness, 5) aquifer 7

49 permeability, and 6) porosity. The uncertainty associated with the WHPA Code results from ) the model deficiencies mentioned above, ) the sensitivity of the WHPA model, and ) the fact that the model cannot be calibrated. The steps employed for this delineation to address model uncertainty were: ) Pumping Rate - For each well, the maximum historical (007) pumping rate was used (Minnesota Rules, part , subpart 4). ) Ambient Flow Field - A composite of capture zones was created from angles of flow that are 0 degrees greater and 0 degrees lesser than the representative angle of ambient flow (Minnesota Rules, part , subpart 5, B). In addition, capture zones were also calculated using the angle of ambient flow that resulted from the previous model in 000. The angle of flow simulated by the model used in 000 had 5 degrees difference from the representative angle calculated from Figure. These zones were also included in the final composite area. ) Probability Analysis - The ONEKA Model was used to estimate capture zone probability. Capture areas were developed for a range of groundwater flow directions, the addition of the proposed irrigation well, and times of travel of one and ten years (Figure 5). As the model code uses constant input values for each run, several runs were required to include all variations in input parameters. Table 6 documents the variables used to address WHPA Code model uncertainty. Well Name File Name Table 6 - WHPA Code Model Input Parameters Discharge (m /day) Transmissivity (m /day) Gradient Flow Angle Porosity (%) Aquifer Thickness (meters) W whpabase W whpabase W whparun W whparun W whparun W whparun W split W split W Split W Split W Split W Split ONEKA Model - Uncertainty related to the water levels reported on well records is based on the accuracy of the ground elevation assigned to the well using topographic maps and the transient variability of the water levels in the aquifer over time. Water levels that are probably inaccurate were identified using data from ) the CWI database, and ) the county geologic atlas (Peterson, 00). Only water levels that fit the flow field (Figure ) were used for the ONEKA analysis. 8

50 The ONEKA Model helps to address uncertainties related to aquifer parameters as variations of the flow field. A 0-year capture zone probability map (Figure 5) was generated for the public water supply wells; the values used for the ONEKA Model are shown in Table 7. The ONEKA results fit well with the capture zones calculated from the WHPA Code model. The probability map for the public water supply wells shows that uncertainty of the capture zone increases as the distance from the public water supply wells increases, especially beyond the 40% probability zone. This zone was selected for use in comparison with the WHPA Code capture zones and to map the final WHPA boundaries. To address the uncertainty of the WHPA boundaries, the resulting capture zones for each model run were combined to create a composite WHPA. Figure 5 illustrates the 0-year capture zones delineated using the results from modeling with the WHPA Code and Oneka for the Bertha wells. Well Numbers Wells & (40649 & 604) Table 7 - Range of Values Used for the ONEKA Model File Name Bertha Hydraulic Conductivity Lognormal Average:.49 m/d Standard Deviation:. m/d Thickness Average: 8 m Standard Deviation: m Porosity (%) 5 5. Delineation of the Drinking Water Supply Management Area Figure shows the boundaries of the Drinking Water Supply Management Area (DWSMA) and were defined by the public water supplier using the following features: Highways, streets, roads, or railroad rights-of-ways; Public Land Survey coordinates; and Property parcel boundaries (Todd County, 00). Updated parcel information provided by Todd County was very useful in delineating the DWSMA boundaries. 6. Summary of Comparisons Between Previous (000) and Current WHPA and DWSMA Delineations A comparison between the old and new DWSMA is shown in Figure 6. Overall, the new DWSMA is smaller in size compared to the previous delineation. This is primarily due to the elimination of the creamery well in the modeling approach used for this plan amendment. Ownership of the creamery changed a few years ago and the facility is no longer in use. DNR water appropriations records also indicate that the creamery well has not been used since 007. Therefore, the pumping affects of the creamery well were not considered when determining the boundaries of the current WHPA. Two analytic groundwater flow models called ) Split, Version (Jankovic, 000) and ) HUGO (Barnes and Soule, 00) were used to determine the WHPA boundaries for the original WHP plan (000). For this plan amendment, different analytic model codes called ) WHPA Code (EPA, 99), and ) ONEKA (Barnes and Soule, 00) were used. These flow models are very similar to the codes previously used; subsequently, the resulting WHPA boundaries are also very similar. In addition, the discharge rates for the Bertha public wells were adjusted (relative to the original WHP plan) to reflect current and projected pumping conditions (Table 5). 9

51 The DWSMA was modified to reflect the new WHPA. The northeast portion of the existing DWSMA was eliminated due to the exclusion of the creamery well. The west boundary of the DWSMA was extended several hundred feet because a small portion of the composite capture zone area extended beyond the previous DWSMA boundary. 7. Vulnerability Assessments The Part I wellhead protection plan includes the vulnerability assessments for the public water supply wells and DWSMA. These vulnerability assessments are used to help select appropriate measures for reducing the potential contaminant source threat to the public water supply. 7. Assessment of Well Vulnerability The vulnerability assessment for each well used by the public water supplier is listed in Table and is based upon the following conditions: ) The geologic sensitivity of the aquifer at the well sites is considered moderate because of the lack of at least 0 feet of clay-rich geologic materials over the aquifer. However, the driller s log for Well (604) indicates the presence of at least 0 feet of sandy clay materials, which provides a significant degree of natural protection to the aquifer from land use activities occurring at the land surface. ) Isotopic (000) and water chemistry data from Bertha Well (40649) indicates that the aquifer water has no detectable levels of tritium or human caused contamination. Both of the city wells were sampled for tritium in March 0 to confirm the vulnerability assessment; however, the results are not yet available from the laboratory. ) Water samples were collected (March 4, 0) from the wells and analyzed for chloride and bromide so that chloride/bromide ratios could be calculated and assessed. The chloride/bromide ratio results for Well (40649) indicate that there has been no discernible impact on the aquifer by human activities occurring on the land surface. The chloride/bromide ratio for Well (604) could not be calculated because there were no detectable levels of bromide (the laboratory reporting limit for bromide is mg/l). However, the low level of chloride (.97 mg/l) measured also indicates little or no impact to the aquifer by human activities occurring on the land surface. 7. Assessment of Drinking Water Supply Management Area Vulnerability The vulnerability of the aquifer used by the city of Bertha has been determined to be low within the boundaries of the DWSMA. This assessment was based on the following: ) Isotopic and water chemistry data from wells located within the DWSMA, and the same aquifer, indicate that there are no detectable levels of tritium or human-caused contamination. This assessment will be re-evaluated when the tritium results are available for recent sampling at Bertha Wells and (40649 and 604). ) Review of the geologic logs contained in the CWI database and geological maps and reports indicate that the aquifer exhibits a range of very low to moderate geologic sensitivity throughout the DWSMA. The pollution sensitivity map published by the DNR (Peterson, 00) has determined the aquifer to have a very low sensitivity to pollution. 0

52 8. Selected References Barnes, R.J., and Soule, R.G. (00), HUGO: A simple analytical element model for wellhead protection, St. Paul, Minn., draft paper. Barnes, R.J., and Soule, R.G. (00), ONEKA: A simple analytical element model for stochastic capture zone delineation, St. Paul, Minn., 8 p., draft paper. Blandford, T.N., and Huyakorn, P.S. (99), WHPA.0: A modular semi-analytical model for the delineation of wellhead protection areas, EPA , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Ground-Water Protection, Washington, D.C., 46 p. Blum, J.L. (000), Wellhead protection plan for the city of Bertha, Minnesota--Part, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minn., 6 p. Geologic Sensitivity Project Workgroup (99), Criteria and guidelines for assessing geologic sensitivity of ground water resources in Minnesota, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Waters, St. Paul, Minn., p. Jankovic, I. (000), Split Manual - Win computer program for analytic-based modeling of singlelayer groundwater flow in heterogeneous aquifers with particle tracking, capture-zone delineation, and parameter estimation, University of Minnesota, Department of Civil Engineering, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 8 p. Minnesota Department of Health (996), Methodology for phasing wells into Minnesota's wellhead protection program, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minn., 8 p. Petersen, T.A. (00), Geologic atlas of Todd County, Minnesota, County Atlas Series, C-8, Part B, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Waters, St. Paul, Minn., 4 plates, scale :80,000 to :50,000. Petersen, T.A. (00), Pollution sensitivity of the buried sand aquifers and the near-surface materials, [map], in Geologic atlas of Todd County, Minnesota, Petersen, T.A., County Atlas Series, C-8, Part B, Plate 0, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Waters, St. Paul, Minn., scale :00,000 and :50,000. Setterholm, D.R. (Project mgr.) (007), Geologic atlas of Todd County, Minnesota, County Atlas Series, C-8, Part A, Minnesota Geological Survey, St. Paul, Minn., 6 plates, scale :00,000 and smaller.

53 9. Figures

54 Figure. Wellhead Protection Area and Drinking Water Supply Management Area, Bertha, Minnesota

55 Figure. Local Groundwater Flow Field Estimated from Well Records 4

56 Figure. Database Map and Trends of Cross Sections 5

57 Figure 4. Geologic Cross Section A - A and B - B 6

58 Figure 5. Combined 0-year Capture Zones from the WHPA Code and Oneka Models 7

59 Figure 6. Comparison Between New and Old WHPAs and DWSMAs 8

60 Appendix II: Todd County GIS: 008 Air Photo Map of Potential Contamination Sources (map and spreadsheet of wells identified)

61 US 7 COUNTY 444TH ST City of Bertha Wellhead Protection Plan DWSMA COUNTY 4 QUAIL TRL ^_ HWY 7 N ^_ ND ST NW ^_ ^_ MAIN ST W CHERRY ST NW 4TH ST NW KILBURN ST NW ND AVE NW ND AVE NW ND AVE NW ^_^_ ND AVE SW HWY 7 S CHERRY ST NW 4TH ST NW ^_ ND ST NW ST ST NW CENTRAL AVE N ST ST SW CENTRAL AVE S CHERRY ST NE ST AVE NE ST ST NE ST AVE NE ST AVE SE ST AVE SE ND AVE NE ST ST SE ND ST SE ND ST NE ST ST NE RD AVE NE ST ST SE RD AVE SE MAIN ST E BERTHA TOWNSHIP COUNTY 4 57TH AVE ^_ ^_ Potential Contamination Source Inventory Bertha DWSMA Todd County Minnesota PCSI City wells Emergency Responce Area Wellhead Protection Area DWSMA 0 City of Bertha Streams I Todd County Soil, Water, Conservation, Development District GIS Unit 47 Central Ave - Ste Long Prairie, MN 5647 Office: (0) Fax: (0) toddgis@co.todd.mn.us US 7 COUNTY This map is a compilation of records and data located in various government offices affecting the area shown, and is to be used for reference purposes only. Todd County is not responsible for any inaccuracies herein contained. Use of this map constitutes acceptance of this disclaimer. Please contact toddgis@co.todd.mn.us to report discrepancies or errors ,0,980,640 Feet Map Resources: DWSMA, WPA, and ERA MN Department of Health information published December 9, 00 Road Network Todd County E9 System 008 Air Photography Date: /6/0 Path: K:\Projects\Bertha\Projects\PCSI_Mapx7.mxd