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1 University of Sheffield The Behaviour of Fin Plate Steel Connections in Fire Marwan Sarraj I. W. Burgess, J. Buick Davison Sheffield, UK September

2 The Behaviour of Fin Plate Steel Connections in Fire University of Sheffield Introduction to Fin Plate steel connection. The aims of this research. Creating the FEM and the evaluation at ambient temperature. FEM at elevated temperature and the evaluation. Conclusion 2

3 Fin Plate Configuration 3University of Sheffield

4 Connection behaviour M Fully Welded Extended End-Plate Flush End-Plate University of Sheffield MOMENT Top, Seat & Web angle Header Plate Double Web Angle Fin Plate Single Web Angle 4 ROTATION θ

5 Fin Plate Connection in Fire and the Catenary Action 597,1 C 550 University of Sheffield ,0 C 5

6 The Research Aims Understand the behaviour of fin plates in fire. University of Sheffield Examine the ability to resist tying force as part of the Robustness requirement. Evaluate their performance across a range of size. Provide design guidance. 6

7 Modelling the connection Bolt shank-to-bolt holes University of Sheffield Column Fixed edge Fin plate Fin Plate Beam web-to-fin plate. Bolt head-to-beam web Nut-to-fin plate. Contact elements 7 z y x Centre node Beam web

8 Contact Methodology 8University of Sheffield

9 The Finite Element Model University of Sheffield Brick element C3D8I Surface-to-surface contact element 9

10 The Finite Element Model Lap joint 10University of Sheffield

11 The Finite Element Model Lap joint 11University of Sheffield

12 FEM Evaluation at Ambient Temperature Aluminium Lap joint test 12University of Sheffield

13 FEM Evaluation at Ambient Temperature Aluminium Lap joint test University of Sheffield Load [kn] Experiment Data ABAQUS Model Deflection [mm]

14 FEM Evaluation at Ambient Temperature Richard Ralph experiment University of Sheffield Fixed edge Fixed edge 14

15 FEM Evaluation at Ambient Temperature Richard Ralph experiment University of Sheffield Load [kn] Richard Ralph Experiment ABAQUS Model Deflection [mm]

16 The Finite Element Model University of Sheffield Brick element C3D8I Surface-to-surface contact element Non-linear material 16

17 FEM Evaluation at Ambient Temperature Moment Rotation of Richard Ralph experiment 17University of Sheffield

18 FEM Evaluation at Ambient Temperature Moment Rotation of Richard Ralph experiment University of Sheffield 18

19 FEM Evaluation at Ambient Temperature Moment Rotation of Richard Ralph experiment University of Sheffield Moment [kn.m] Richard Experiment ABAQUS Model Rotation [Degree]

20 FEM at Elevated Temperature University of Sheffield Brick element C3D8T Coupled Temperature- Displacement analysis Non-linear material temperature dependent Geometric non-linearity 20

FEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison to the results of El-Rimawi, Test data and VULCAN 800 21University of

21 FEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison to the results of El-Rimawi, Test data and VULCAN University of Sheffield Temperature [ C] Web & Bottom Flange. Upper Flange Time [min.]

22 FEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison to the results of El-Rimawi, Test data and VULCAN 22University of Sheffield

23 FEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison to the results of El-Rimawi, Test data and VULCAN 250 University of Sheffield Deflection [mm] W=16.34 kn/m 4.50 m ABAQUS El-Rimawi Test Data VULCAN Temperature [ C]

24 FEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison to the results of T. C. H. Liu and VULCAN 24University of Sheffield

25 FEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison to the results of T. C. Liu and VULCAN University of Sheffield Temperature [ C] Bottom Flang Web Top Flange Time [Min.]

26 FEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison to the results of T. C. Liu and VULCAN 26University of Sheffield 40 kn 178x102x19 UB Axial stiffness is 8 kn/mm Rotational stiffness is kn.m/rad Load ratio is 0.5

27 FEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison to the results of T. C. H. Liu and VULCAN University of Sheffield Mid-span deflection [mm] ABAQUS VULCAN T.C. Liu Test Data Temperature [ C]

28 FEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison to the results of T. C. H. Liu and VULCAN University of Sheffield Axial Force [kn] ABAQUS T.C.H. Liu Test Data VULCAN Temperature [ C]

29 FEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison between the results of ABAQUS simulation and VULCAN for the pin ended beam (fully axially restrained) 1000 Linear Time-Temperature 10 C/min. was used for this model 29University of Sheffield Axial Force [kn] W=25 kn/m 8.0 m ABAQUS VULCAN Temperature [ C]

30 FEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison between the results of ABAQUS simulation and VULCAN for the fixed ended beam (rotationally and axially fully restrained ) 2000 Linear Time-Temperature 10 C/min. was used for this model 30University of Sheffield Axial Force [kn] W=25 kn/m 8.0 m ABAQUS VULCAN Temperature [ C]

31 FEM of Beam-connection at Elevated Temperature F = 60 kn University of Sheffield F = 60 kn 31

32 FEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature 1200 Time-Temperature for Finplate Connaction at Cardington test 32University of Sheffield Temperature ( C) st bolt 3rd bolt 4th bolt plt. 1st row plt. 4th row upp. flange web bott. flange bott. flange Time (min)

33 FEM of Beam-connection at Elevated Temperature 33University of Sheffield Deflection [mm] Beam-connectiom Model Beam-pin support Time-Deflection Time [min]

34 Conclusion University of Sheffield Creating a FEM of Fin Plate. Introduces contact element. Validated against test data. Account for temperature. Successfully modelled axially restrained beams and validated. Create a connection-beam model suitable for parametric study. 34

35 What is next? Using the FE model to develop a simplified component model. 35University of Sheffield Weld Stiffness Plate Axial Stiffness Frictional stiffness Bolt stiffness Plate bearing Stiffness Beam web Bearing stiffness Beam web Axial stiffness

36 THANK YOU University of Sheffield For Your Attention & Welcome any Questions or Comments 36

Finite Element Modelling of Fin Plate Steel Connections in Fire

Finite Element Modelling of Fin Plate Steel Connections in Fire M. SARRAJ 1, I. W. BURGESS 2, J. B. DAVISON 3 AND R. J. PLANK 4 ABSTRACT Recent structural collapses caused by fire have focussed attention