Plant Breeding and Germplasm Management (MRA 1) Brian Diers, Randall Nelson, Andrew Scaboo, Nicholas Denwar, Abush Tesfaye, Godfree Chigeza

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1 Plant Breeding and Germplasm Management (MRA 1) Brian Diers, Randall Nelson, Andrew Scaboo, Nicholas Denwar, Abush Tesfaye, Godfree Chigeza

2 Outline Motivation and Justification SIL 1.0 Results SIL 2.0 Project Description Goals and Objectives Activities Outcome, Impact, and Deliverables

3 Motivation and Justification Successful crop improvement through modern plant breeding is the foundation of a productive agricultural system Soils have low nutrient availability Soybean is a legume and fixes nitrogen Malnutrition is still a problem in many areas in Africa Soybean is a protein and vitamin rich crop Developing higher yielding soybean varieties will support and strengthen the soybean value chain

4 Motivation and Justification African soybean yields are similar to the USA in the 1930s Yield kg/ha Year USA Average Africa

5 Motivation and Justification PCA using US, Canadian, Brazilian, and African Germplasm pop 0 AFR PC2 BRZ CAN USA PC1

6 MRA 1 Objectives Work directly with IITA and national agricultural researchers to: Increase soybean breeding capacity and improve soybean breeding practice in target countries Increase productivity of plant breeding programs and develop adapted cultivars Improve performance of IITA and nationally released soybean varieties Introduce elite germplasm from Brazil and the United States

7 Partners with IITA, EIAR, SARI

8 IITA Partner Vision: The lead research partner facilitating agricultural solutions for hunger and poverty in the tropics Mandate Crops Cassava Cowpea Maize Soybean Southern Africa, germplasm royalty free, Through the smta Godfree Chigeza - Soybean Breeder at IITA

9 IITA in Zambia and Malawi

10 IITA Mozambique

11 IITA Populations Population Stage Number of Crosses F1 50 Number of Families (Single Plant Selection) Number of Rows Planted* F F F F Some Key Parents (Females) IITA Commercial cultivars TGX F, TGX F, TGX F,TGX F, TGX F, TGX F TGX E, TGX F, TGX F, TGX EN, TGX E, TGX F TGX F, TGX F, TGX F, TGX F, TGX F TGX , TGX E, TGX F, TGX F, TGX F, Some Key Parents (Males) MW1,MW4, TGX F, TGX F, TGX E, H7, H10 TGX F, TGX F,TGX F, TGX F TGX F, TGX E, TGX F, TGX F TGX , MW1, TGX , TGX F

12 IITA Yield Trials Results from 2015/2016 Season: Preliminary Variety Trials in Chitedze, Malawi, and Lusaka, Zambia Yield (kg/ha) Days to 50% Flower 100 Seed Weight (g) Genotype Chitedze Lusaka Combined Chitedze Lusaka Combined Chitedze Lusaka Combined TGx DM TGX D TGx GM TGx FM TIKOLORE SC Serenade PAN Grand Mean LSD CV

13 IITA Yield Trials 10 best genotypes from Preliminary Variety Trial (PVT) in Bvumbwe, Malawi Genotype Yield (kg/ha) Days to 50% Flower Days to Maturity 100 seed weight (g) TGx DM TGx DM TGx FM TGx DM TGx DM TGx DM TGx DM TGx FM TGx DM TGx DM TIKOLORE PAN Grand Mean LSD CV

14 IITA Varieties Current IITA Soybean Varieties Recently Released TGx F Medium maturing Yield: 2.5-4t/ha Promiscuous Nodulating variety TGx F: Kafue Early maturing Yield: t/ha Promiscuous Nodulating variety

15 Seed Co. in Zimbabwe

16 Abush Tesfaye EIAR Partner

17 EIAR in Jimma

18 EIAR in Jimma

19 EIAR Yield Trials U.S. Germplasm tested at 5 locations in Ethiopia Yield (mt/ha) Genotype Jimma Dimtu Metu Assosa Bako Pawe Combined Clark-63k SCS AGS KS UA T HS Harber Desha Afgat Ciaric Ozark Graham Prichard Manokin LD Liu yuemang

20 SARI Partner Nicholas Denwar

21 SARI in Tamale

22 SARI in Wa

23 Soybean Diseases

24 SIL 2.0 Project Activities Continue germplasm introduction and utilization Continue improving efficiency and productivity through mechanization, education, and training Expand to include breeders in Uganda, Rwanda, and Benin Support Syngenta foundation variety trials Expansion of marker-assisted selection program at IITA Confirmation of important soybean diseases and incorporation of tolerance into breeding programs

25 SIL 2.0 Objectives Continue to increase the size and efficiency of the IITA, EIAR, and SARI breeding programs Support new breeding programs Strengthen the network of African soybean breeders through the organization of joint testing programs and sharing of experimental lines Expand cultivar testing in Africa through collaborations with the Syngenta Foundation Characterize the most important diseases and pests in each targeted region and educate researchers on how to evaluate soybean pathogens in experimental plots and in controlled experiments

26 SIL 2.0 Outcomes and Deliverables High yielding soybean cultivars adapted to African growing conditions Knowledge of where high yielding cultivars are adapted Knowledge about soybean pathogens and pests and their control in the targeted countries

27 Conclusions Support is enabling breeding programs to be more productive in developing new high yielding cultivars Pan African soybean variety trials are providing unbiased information on the performance of cultivars and helping developers know where they can be marketed