Presentation to Surfside Stormwater Committee. 8/21/2012 Ken Harth, Surfside Beach VM Field Leader Susan Libes, Coastal Carolina University
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1 Presentation to Surfside Stormwater Committee 8/21/2012 Ken Harth, Surfside Beach VM Field Leader Susan Libes, Coastal Carolina University
2 Surfside Volunteer Water Quality Monitoring Program Goals Why sites are where they are Watershed boundaries Why we measure what we measure How the data have been made accessible to the public and statistically analyzed What the data is telling us and how they are related to the SC DHEC beach monitoring program How the data findings have been used to improve stormwater management Discussion of potential relocation of sampling sites
3 Roles Field Leader & Volunteer Water Quality Monitors Coastal Carolina University Stormwater Committee Public Works Staff Town Council
4 Coastal Pollution Continuum Bacteria Swimming Shellfish harvesting Low oxygen (hypoxia; Dead Zones) Fisheries Microbial community Harmful Algal Blooms
5 Coastal watershed
6 Land-based source assessment via volunteer water quality monitoring
7 Dogwood Swash Drainage Dogwood swash ddrainage
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10 Impaired Waters Done every other year. Draft 2012 under review Public involvement in TMDL development and implementation
11 Clean Water Act
12 NPDES Stormwater Program Phase II Goal To improve the nation s waterways by reducing the quantity of pollutants that stormwater picks up and carries into storm sewer systems during storm events. SS drain picture Reduce discharge of pollutants to the Maximum Extent Practicable Protect water quality Satisfy relevant parts of CWA
13 Small MS-4 Communities (Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems) Myrtle Beach Urbanized Area Horry County Myrtle Beach (22,696) North Myrtle Beach (10,001) Surfside Beach (4,425) Conway (11,506) Briarcliffe Acres (470) Atlantic Beach (351) Unincorporated (68,302) Georgetown County (5,233) US Census of
14 Six Minimum Control Measures Public Education and Outreach Public Participation and Involvement Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Construction Site Runoff Control Post-Construction Runoff Control Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping 14
15 The power of citizen science stems from the unique nature of knowledge derived by the contributions of many.
16 Volunteer Monitoring Program Goals Identify land-based sources of pollutants Detect illicit discharges Detect trends over time Document improvements o Regulatory stormwater program o Restorations Promote environmental stewardship Neighborhood Watch & Advocacy
17 Measure What & Why? salinity
18 Why Dissolved Oxygen? Sources of Oxygen Demand Organic matter Fecal matter Dumping of grass clippings Soil erosion and breakdown Ammonia Nutrients -> Algal Blooms Fecal matter Fertilizers Break down of other sources of organic matter
19 Why turbidity? Potential source of oxygen demand Screens sunlight Settles onto bottom and suffocates animals Aesthetically unpleasing Soil is being lost Carries pollutants This is why ponds are used to settle particles Dredging yield hazardous spoils
20 Why E. coli? Fecal Indicator bacteria of choice for freshwater This is the best tool for finding land-based sources SC DHEC switching soon to E. coli. Traces same source as Enterococcus fecal bacteria of warm blooded animals. Micrology Easygel Can be done by volunteers Supply cost is about $3 per sample Dual confirmation with UV light Get Total Coliforms at no extra cost Enterococcus $30 per sample at EQL + sampling cost Requires heat sealer machine Have to sterilize bottles which requires an autoclave
21 Sample Where? 2008: Commenced volunteering monitoring of Murrells Inlet watershed Surfside (1) Horry County (2) Georgetown Co (4) 2010: Expanded
22 LIDAR Digital Elevation Model and hydrolines Watershed partnership started in Understood the importance of establishing VM presence. Now a benefit for comparison to other Surfside sites.
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24 Sample Where? 2008: Commence MI watershed VM Surfside (1) Horry County (2) Georgetown Co (4) 2010: Expanded to other Surfside basin Big water bodies Dogwood Lake Myrtle Lake
25 MORE ABOUT BACTERIA
26 Draft (d) List and TMDL Sites for Fecal Indicator Bacteria County Sites Waterway Regulatory Status Fecal coliform Horry 1 Chinners Creek TMDL approved in 2005 Horry Enterococcus 7 Waccamaw River and tributaries 303(d) listed/ TMDLs by 2013, 2015, 2023, & 2024 Horry 2 Lumber/Pee Dee Rivers 303(d) listed/tmdls by 2014 & 2021 Horry 20 Grand Strand Swashes 303(d) listed/tmdl by 2019 Five of the seven SC DHEC Horry 4 Grand Strand Swashes 303(d) listed/tmdl by 2018 Horry 6 Little River/Cherry Grove 303(d) listed/tmdl by 2018 Beach Monitoring Sites in Grgtn/Horry 20 (+ 1) Murrells Inlet TMDL approved in 2005 Surfside are on the Draft Georgetown 9 Pawleys Island TMDL approved in (d) list Georgetown 5 Winyah Bay/North Inlet 303(d) listed/tmdl by 2015 Georgetown 2 Greens & Cypress Creek 303(d) listed/ TMDLs by 2013 & 2020 Georgetown 3 Santee Rivers/AAIW 303(d) listed/tmdls by sites
27 Dogwood
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29 Fecal Pathogens Health risks Humans Other animals, like pet dogs Murrells Inlet (Scott 2003) Many fecal pathogens are present Microbes: Bacteria & Viruses Parasites (Toxic algae, mostly cyanobacteria) Reflects fecal contamination Pathogens reside in animal guts Pathogens can survive and reproduce in the wild Gift that keeps giving Monitor with fecal indicator bacteria Highly variable over space and time Routine sampling locations Routine sampling schedule Water quality standards Health risk based thresholds Probability of GI illness in a representative population
30 **From: Fecal coliform bacteria A collection of relatively harmless microorganisms that occur in the intestines of warm-blooded animals, including humans. Although fecal coliform bacteria do not cause disease, they are an indicator that pathogens or disease-causing agents might be present. Thus, there is a potential health risk for individuals exposed to water with high concentrations of these bacteria. Escherichia coli (E. coli) The most common member of the fecal coliform bacteria group that is specific to the fecal material of warm-blooded animals, including humans. Like fecal coliform, it is an indicator that disease-causing agents may be present. Enterococcus A type of bacteria usually found in the intestines of warm-blooded animals. Like fecal coliform and E. coli, Enterococcus is an indicator that disease-causing agents may be present in the water. Enterococcus is unique in that it can survive in salt water and is therefore typically used in beach monitoring efforts.
31 Regulatory Programs Recreational Uses (freshwater) Fecal Coliforms transitioning to E. coli Recreational Uses (saltwater) Enterococcus Shellfish Harvesting Fecal coliforms
32 WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA References provided on handouts
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37 12 out of 23 samples for 2012 reported so far (through 7/31/12) SC DHEC uses five years of data to establish a 303(d) listing. The draft (d) list is based on data from 2006 to 2010 and includes WAC-031, WAC-031A, WAC-032, WAC-033 and WAC-035 ( ).
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39 Where s the source?
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50 Source Tracking Strategies Measure bacteria counts Routine sampling Targeted wet and dry weather sampling Weight of evidence using multiple tracers Chemical tracers Optical brighteners (laundry detergent) Caffeine Host animals Multiple antibiotic resistance of fecal bacteria Genetic markers of fecal bacteria
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54 Recommendations/Actions based on data collected thus far: Dogwood (sampled since 2010) Posted No Feed Signs (Surfside Ordinance) Source tracking downstream of lake Myrtle Lake (sampled since 2010) Posted No Feed Signs (Surfside Ordinance) Remove waterfowl
55 Recommendations/Actions based on data collected thus far: Woodland Pond Drive (sampled since 2008) Recommended removal of waterfowl qpcr source tracking for human inputs is under development to be paid by Horry County Development and implementation of watershed plan Performed watershed investigation around 13 to 15 th Ave S where Enterococcus is high in beach discharges Stormwater committee recommended establishing monitoring site at 13 th Ave S
56 More recommendations/actions taken Develop site specific standards to establish normal conditions Enhance IDDE program Rapid provisional reporting to stormwater manager and field leader Vegetated buffers Discourages water fowl Removes pollutants including contaminant bacteria Storm drain marking Pet waste stations Clean out sediment (Lake) Pipes Street sweeping More education
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58 Relocating sites Sites were selected based on importance of water body and known pollution problems Lake Dogwood Focal point of town No VM data prior to dredging Clean now, but in the future? Need to maintain baseline during downstream source tracking efforts Lake Myrtle Water fowl relocated only in Not much time to evaluate impact. Re establish WPD or relocate to southern boundary of Surfside (and 13 th S ocean discharge) Chronic pollution problem at WPD Enterococcus high at 13 th Ave S
59 We all live downstream
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