Model Calibration & Verification
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1 Model Calibration & Verification Using WinSLAMM v10 to Meet Urban Stormwater Management Goals 1 Model Strength Based on Extensive Field Monitoring Data: Source Areas Roofs, Streets, etc. End of Pipe Many Land uses Stormwater Control Practices Lawn Sheet Flow Sampler: Tipping Bucket for Flow and Cone Splitter for Water Sample Page 1
2 Source Area Sampling End of Pipe Monitoring :Mass Balance Page 2
3 New Bioretention Monitoring Project New Source Area Sampling Page 3
4 Description of Seven Study Areas SITE LAND USE ACRES FLOW Conc. Harper Residential Monroe Residential Canterbury Residential Marquette Resid/Com Superior Commercial Syene Rd. Industrial Badger Rd. Maint. Yard Harper Madison WI: Residential Page 4
5 Marquette Michigan: Res/Comm. (288 acres) Maintenance Yard Madison WI: 4 acres End of Pipe Monitoring : Tertiary Sources Page 5
6 Syene Industrial Park, Madison WI: 114 acres Measured versus Modeled Runoff, inches SITE Number of Events Measured Runoff Modeled Runoff Difference, % Harper % Monroe % Canterbury % Marquette % (19%) Superior % (-4%) Syene % (-8%) Badger % Page 6
7 Observed vs. Predicted Runoff Superior Outfall Observed vs. Predicted Runoff at Syene Outfall Predicted Runoff (in) Observed RO (in) P redicted Runoff (in) Observed Runoff (in) Observed vs. Predicted Runoff at Madison Maintenance Yard Outfall Predicted Runoff (in) Observed Runoff (in) Type of Pollutants Suspended Solids Total Solids Total Phosphorus Total Lead Total Zinc Total Copper Dissolved Phosphorus Dissolved Lead Dissolved Zinc Dissolved Copper Bacteria Organic Toxicants Page 7
8 Basic Program Operation Particulate Solids Loading Street Dirt Accumulation Commercial Street Dirt Accumulation Loading (lbs/curb-mi) Time (days) Smooth Streets Intermediate Streets Street dirt washoff and runoff test plot, Toronto Pitt 1987 Page 8
9 Suspended Solids Concentrations during Washoff Tests Pitt 1987 Street Dirt Changes Over Time Example Accumulation, Washoff and Street Cleaning Curve 1, Street Dirt Level (lbs/curb-mi) 1, Time (days) Page 9
10 We will cover... WinSLAMM Purpose, History and Unique Features Model Applications Small Storm Hydrology Basic Program Structure and Operation Treatment Practices Model Input/Output 19 Basic Program Structure Control Devices Wet Detention Ponds Porous Pavement Street Cleaning Catchbasin Cleaning Grass Swales and Grass Filters Biofiltration/bioretention Green Roofs Proprietary Controls (media filters and hydrodynamic devices) Beneficial Uses 20 Page 10
11 Full scale street cleaning tests using conventional and highenergy street cleaners (street dirt loading and washoff monitoring and outfall water quality monitoring) 21 2,500 2,250 Measured Versus Modeled Street Loads With Mechnical Broom Street Cleaning - Residential 2004 Pre Sw eeping Post Sw eeping Modeled 2,000 1,750 lb/curb-m ile 1,500 1,250 1, Page 11
12 Scour of Captured Sediment in Storm Drain Catchbasin Inlets Three flow rates: 10, 5, and 2.5 LPS (160, 80, and 40 GPM) Velocity measurements (Vx, Vy, and Vz) Five overlying water depths above the sediment: 16, 36, 56, 76, and 96 cm G F E D C B A total points per test 30 velocity measurements at each point y x 23 CFD Modeling to Calculate Scour/Design Variations Used CFD (Fluent 6.2 and Flow 3D) to determine scour from stormwater controls; results being used to expand WinSLAMM analyses after verification with full-scale physical model This is an example of the effects of the way that water enters a sump on the depth of the water jet and resulting scour Calibrated CFD Model with Air Entrainment Uncalibrated CFD Model without Air Entrainment 24 Page 12
13 Monitored Full-Scale Setup in Tuscaloosa, AL 25 National Stormwater Quality Database North West Great Lakes South West Central East Coast South East 26 Page 13
14 Number of Standard Land Use Files Used for Each Category Commer. Indus. Instit. Open Space Resid. Freeways/ Highways Total by Region Central East Coast Great Lakes (the USGS/DNR files) Northwest Southeast Southwest Total by Land Use Page 14
15 Current Project Calibrating and Setting up WinSLAMM for US Naval Facilities (15 San Diego, Norfolk, and Puget Sound Bases) San Diego naval bases observed vs. calculated loads (p = 0.56) Virginia naval bases observed vs. calculated loads (p = 0.26) Washington naval bases observed vs. calculated loads (p = 0.67) All sites naval bases observed vs. calculated loads (p = 0.44) Page 15
16 Percent Probability Plot of obs Zn mass lbs, calc Zn mass lbs Lognormal - 95% CI Variable obs Zn mass lbs calc Zn mass lbs Loc Scale N AD P < < Data Total Zn (lbs) 10 Calculated Total Zn Mass (lbs) Observed Total Zn Mass (lbs) Page 16
17 Main features of the naval facilities project included: - Historical monitoring data used for calibration - Many unique surfaces (compacted soil in scrapyards, airfields, piers, etc.) - Field washoff tests for material sources (galvanized metals, roofing, fencing, pallets, gang planks, generators, etc. - Laboratory leaching tests for pipe and tank materials used to supplement the field washoff tests - Expanded WinSLAMM to allow additional paved and non-paved areas having unusual characteristics Page 17
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