DPADM/UNDESA Presentation for First Intersessional Meeting of the Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group on Prevention of Corruption

Transcription

1 DPADM/UNDESA Presentation for First Intersessional Meeting of the Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group on Prevention of Corruption Vyacheslav Cherkasov Division for Public Administration and Development Management Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations Vienna, Austria December 2010

2 Citizen Engagement and e-government in the fight against corruption Corruption is a threat to development, democracy and stability.. and a peer review mechanism to identify gaps in national anti-corruption laws and practices - a major breakthrough mechanism that can help governments halt bribe-taking and the embezzlement of public funds. Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General 09 December 2010

3 E-Government and the Fight Against Corruption E-government is now an important and powerful tool for public sector transformation, for human development and for the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). With the MDGs time horizon of 2015 quickly approaching, it is no longer a question of whether we can afford information and communications technology in health, education, environmental protection, integrity, transparency and a multitude of other areas, but where to deploy them first and how rapidly gains can be obtained. With respect to UNCAC, e-gov could contribute to: Article 7 (Public Sector) Article 8 (Codes of conduct) Article 9 (Public procurement & management of public finance) Article 10 (Public reporting) Article 13 (participation of society) 3

4 United Nations E-Government Surveys

5 2010 E-Government Survey: Leveraging e government at a time of financial and economic crisis The financial has had a global affect and has shaken confidence and trust in government and public service in general. The 2010 Survey analyzes how governments are using ICT to provide information, services and solutions to their citizens. The 2010 Survey is a comparative assessment of 192 United Nations Member States response to the demands of citizens for excellent services and products through Information and Communication Technologies. 5

6 Four Assessment Indices in E-Government development Source: UN E-Government Survey

7 2010 E-Government Survey The Survey gave greater importance to integrated services that facilitated citizens ability to access information and products The Survey looked closely at the impact of e- participation on citizen engagement and e- services that countries provided their citizens. 7

8 United Nations E-Government E Survey 2010 Top 20 Rank Country E-Government Development Index 1 Republic of Korea United States Canada UK and Northern Ireland Netherlands Norway Denmark Australia Spain France Singapore Sweden Bahrain New Zealand Germany Belgium Japan Switzerland Finland Estonia Source: UN E-Government Survey Rank Country E-Governance (E-Participation) Index 1 Republic of Korea Australia Spain New Zealand UK and Northern Ireland Japan United States Canada Estonia Singapore Bahrain Malaysia Denmark Germany France Netherlands Belgium Kazakhstan Lithuania Slovenia

9 United Nations E-Government E Survey 2010 Rank Country E-Government Development Index Singapore Sweden Bahrain New Zealand Germany Belgium Japan Switzerland Finland Estonia Ireland Iceland Liechtenstein Austria Luxembourg Israel Hungary Lithuania Slovenia Malta Columbia Malaysia Czech Republic Chile Croatia Next 25 (9th-35 th Rank) Rank Country e-governance (E-Participation) Index Estonia Bahrain Malaysia Denmark Germany France Netherlands Belgium Kazakhstan Lithuania Slovenia Austria Norway Cyprus Sweden Croatia Colombia Ireland Kyrgyzstan Mongolia Finland Israel China Mexico Chile

10 Citizen Engagement, e-government and Procurement Procurement is the acquisition of appropriate goods and/or services at the best possible total cost of ownership to meet the needs of the purchaser in terms of quality and quantity, time, and location*. E-procurement is the business-to-business or business-toconsumer or business-to-government purchase and sale of supplies, work and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking systems*. WHY E-procurement** Reduces time spent processing paper tenders, orders and invoices; Secures greater value for money through more competitive sources; Improves supplier and contract management; Makes easier to obtain procurement management information. *Source: Wikipedia. **Source: I&DEA 10

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17 i-tools: citizen-centric centric policy products UN E-government E Survey 2010

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19 POSSIBLE WAY FORWARD: DESA is the leading facilitator for Action Lines: C1. The role of public governance authorities and all stakeholders in the promotion of ICTs for development. C7. ICT applications egovernment and C11. International and regional cooperation. Action: to establish a sub-group on anti corruption under one of the above Action lines of WSIS during the 2011 WSIS Forum. UNODC could lead the sub-group.

20 POSSIBLE WAY FORWARD (cont d): United Nations Public Administration Country Case (PACS) network

21 POSSIBLE WAY FORWARD (cont d): Co-organize a Workshop on Engaging Citizens to Strengthen Accountability and Control Corruption for Better Public Service Delivery and Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals during the Fourth session of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption in October Collaborate on the preparation of the publication and guidelines on Engaging Citizens to Strengthen Accountability and Control Corruption for Better Public Service Delivery and Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. Collaborate on the transfer and adaptation of good practices in preventing and combating corruption through capacity building activities Documenting good practices to prevent and combat corruption Develop an online training tool-kit to promote integrity, transparency, accountability and citizen engagement in the public sector

22 2010 EGDI ranking vs EGI ranking

23 Contact Information UNDESA/DPADM Haiyan Qian, Director Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM) United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs at Roberto Ismael Villarreal Gonda Chief, Development Management Branch, DPADM, UNDESA at Vyacheslav Cherkasov Senior Governance and Public Administration Officer DPADM, UNDESA at

24 DPADM/DESA online We look forward to nominations from your countries THANK YOU!

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26 Methodology A total of 192 Member States were assessed in the 2010 Survey. The web measure survey assessments are based on a questionnaire, which looked for the presence/absence of specific characteristics and functionalities of the national and ministerial web sites. The primary site was the national portal or the official government home page of the Member States. In keeping with the conceptual framework of sustainable human development, the following ministries were reviewed: Ministry of Finance Ministry of Education Ministry of Health Ministry of Labor or Manpower Ministry of Social Services or Welfare 26

27 Methodology (cont.) Telecommunications Infrastructure Index The telecommunications infrastructure index 2010 is a composite index of five primary indices relating to a country s telecommunications infrastructure development as they relate to the delivery of e- government services. These are: Internet Users /100 persons PCs /100 persons Main Telephone Lines /100 persons Mobile Telephones /100 persons Broadband /100 persons Each index represents 20 per cent weight of the overall telecommunications infrastructure index. 27

28 Methodology (cont.) Human Capital Index The human capital index is a composite of the adult literacy rate and the combined primary, secondary, and tertiary gross enrolment ratio, with two thirds weight given to the adult literacy rate. The gross enrolment ratio was drawn primarily from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). This was complemented with data from the 2009 UNDP Human Development Report. 28

29 Methodology (cont.) The Web Measure Index The Web Measure Index is base upon a four-stage model. For countries that have established an online presence, the model defines stages of e-readiness according to a scale of progressively sophisticated citizen services: 1. Emerging Presence 2. Enhanced Presence 3. Transactional Presence 4. Networked Presence 29

30 E-Participation Index The E-Participation Index assesses the quality, usefulness and relevancy of the information and services and the willingness of countries to engage citizens in public policy making through the use of the e-government programs. The E-participation Index is segmented into three sectors: E-information, E-consultation, and E-decision-making. 30

31 Methodology Among the objectives of e-government, four are of paramount importance: Efficient government management of information to the citizen; Better service delivery to citizens; Improved access and outreach of information; and Empowerment of the people through participatory decision making. 31

32 E-participation Tools 1. Discussion Forums 2. Customer Satisfaction Surveys 3. Opinion Polls 4. Blogs 5. Social Networking Sites (Facebook and etc) 32

33 Contact Information UNDESA/DPADM Haiyan Qian, Director Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM) United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs at Roberto Ismael Villarreal Gonda Chief, Development Management Branch, DPADM, UNDESA at Vyacheslav Cherkasov Senior Governance and Public Administration Officer DPADM, UNDESA at

34 UNPSA online We look forward to nominations from your countries THANK YOU!

35 E-participation Feedback 1. Govt. commits to incorporating results of e-participation in decision making via statements 2. User can request to see data held on him/her and correct data 3. Citizens can initiate their own proposals and govt. will consider them in decision-making 4. Citizens can communicate views/opinions on public policy, legislation, judiciary system, and decisions 5. Electronic Identity Management/ Authentification Feature 35

36 E-participation Feedback 6. Web forum via Social Networking 7. Acknowledgment of forms/ s submitted 8. Officials respond on the website to opinions 9. Officials moderate e-deliberations 10. Results of Govt. Surveys of Citizens Available 36

37 Government - Citizen Relationship in e-government Citizens Desires Government Responsibility Mobility Trust in Government Inclusiveness Usable data E-participation Secure Networks Single Sign-on Social Networking Citizen-centered Content Voice in determining government policies Effective Policies, Strategies Application and solutions Accessibility Increase Broadband PC and Mobile Infrastructure Greater use of Web 2.0 and Social Networking Integrated services Business Reengineering and streamline workflow processes Secure Network Enhanced PC and Mobile Content Authentication of user Outputs 37

38 Findings Many Middle Income countries have revamped their national and ministry sites into tightly integrated portals that provides citizens with a window to government e- services. Middle Income countries have surpassed many developed countries in their e-government readiness index, especially in the web measure index. Developed countries still maintain a significant edge in the infrastructure and human capital indexes. Integrated e-services is still a major issue for most countries. The gap that existed in 2008 in terms of the web measurement index has been greatly reduced. 38

39 Findings (cont ) E-participation and the empowerment of citizens is still at the development stage in most countries. Although many governments have included polls and feedback forms on their portals or web sites, few governments have sponsored discussion forums, blogs or had information on social networking sites. Citizens have become more Internet savvy and are demanding more e-products from their governments, governments are still trying to catch up to this demand. 39