Developing country requirements for the improvement of food quality and safety

Transcription

1 Developing country requirements for the improvement of food quality and safety GTZ Eschborn Petra Schill, Doris Günther Rural Development Division 1

2 Globalization of the world food economy Key elements are: Increased international trade in food (+ 600 % since 1989) Market liberalization, reduction of tariffs and quotas Globally organized commodity or value chains Growing importance of global trade in processed food products Increased dependence of developing countries on continued access to international markets 2

3 Key Areas To improve the quality for locally produced agricultural goods imported products export products to comply with import country requirements 3

4 Food quality criteria Shape Presentation Colour Taste Ripenes Food safety Nutrition Production & Processing methods 4

5 International market entry conditions Standards and Regulations Safety Taste Consumer Preferences Price Private Standards Process Control Organic Environment Social Legal Standards and Regulations Food Safety Composition Quality standards Labelling 5

6 International level WTO recommends the standards of the three sisters, accepts them as scientifically based, and uses them in cases of dispute SPS-Agreement Office International des Epizooties (OIE) Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) 6

7 Trading bloc level EU regulations and their implications The MRL Harmonisation Programme Common and obligatory MRLs for all active ingredients approved for use within the EU The Pesticide Approvals Review Programme Council Directive 91/414 Consolidation of MRL Directives 86/362/EEC Cereals 86/363/EEC Foodstuffs of animal origin 76/895/EEC Fruit and vegetables 90/642/EEC Certain products of plant origin, including fruit and vegetables 823 existing active ingredients by 25 July 1993 List 1 under re-evaluation List 2 and 3 to be finished by 2008 List 4 (biological agents) 470? active ingredients in Annex 1 7

8 Food Business Level Global Food Safety Initiative e.g. ISO e.g. EUREPGAP Food Safety Management Systems Requirements for Certification Bodies Good agricultural practices GAP Early Warning System Good manufacturing practices GMP Global Food Safety Initiative Cooperation between private and public sector Good Good distribution distribution practices practices GDP GDP Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point HACCP Consumer education e.g. Packaging Standards BRC SQF Safe Quality Food Certification 8

9 Example: Restriction of fish exports from Kenya Fishermen Traders Refrigerated Trucks Industrial Processors Exporters Hygenic standards Consumer Competent authority of Kenya The Supply Chain in Kenya Directive 91/493/EEC 9

10 Example: Agro-Industrie Marocco Raw material Storage Processing Consumers Export 10

11 11 Guiding Principles to strengthen the private sector to take up a maximum of responsibility for food quality management to enable the public sector to formulate food quality policy and to fulfill regulatory duties to use a system approach appropriate for the developmental stage of the economy to assist in food safety management as integral part of the promotion of the market oriented food system (Agribusiness)

12 12 Cooperation with the public sector Aiming at the development of integrated internationally recognized food quality systems This includes Adaptation of the legal and administrative structures to international food safety requirements (WTO, EU) Improving the performance in regional structures of Codex, IPPC, OIE and in the SPS-Committee through formulation of positions Reorienting national food control systems promoting a preventive rather than repressive approach (e.g the validation of self inspection and self-evaluation systems) Clarifying responsibilities and mandates for food safety and quality between the public and private sector in all segments of the supply chain up to the consumer

13 13 Cooperation with the Private Sector Aims at the improvement of the competitiveness of agricultural products at domestic and international level Activity areas include: To strengthen grower-, producer and export associations in order to enable them To introduce, implement and/or improve in-company quality management systems such as good agricultural practice (GAP), ISO-systems, GMP or HACCP To participate in the private standard setting process (EUREP-GAP, GFSI) To establish or improve on systems that provide trade and industy relevant information to their members

14 14 Cooperation with Civil society Aims to increase the awareness of civil society on food safety issues Activity areas include: To strengthen consumer organisations in their capacity to Influence producer and consumer food safety behaviour through public awareness campaigns To engage in political lobbying for food safety and quality issues To strengthen the legal position of consumers through The introduction/adaptation of consumer protection legislation To clarify the status of consumer organisations as public interest bodies