Weed Control Strategies for Your Forage Crop

Transcription

1 Weed Control Strategies for Your Forage Crop (12/6/14) Tye Shauck Technical Service Representative WA & OR

2 Always refer to the most current product label for the most update information. Always read and follow all label instructions/directions.

3 Technical Service Rep. Phone: Technical Service Rep. Role with BASF: Contract and conduct research Product and agronomic training: internal and external Technical support

4 Outline Weed Control BASF Herbicide Portfolio Herbicide Resistance Management BASF Fungicides BASF Insecticide

5 Characteristics of Weeds: Weeds are pioneer plants nature designed to protect soil Weeds exhibit environmental plasticity Weeds exhibit differential dormancy Weeds are competitive Weeds are prolific

6 What is Prolific? Reproduce by seed; produce a lot of seed Pigweed: 300,000 1,000,000 Reproduce vegetatively Canada thistle, field bindweed, leafy spurge, quackgrass Reproduce at a very young age or rapidly Redroot pigweed emerging 3 weeks prior to fall frost can produce mature seed

7 Weed Competition Water, nutrients, light Critical during establishment Reduce vigor and population New stands: weed competition often results in a loss of 0.5 ton/a Thinning stands: weed competition results in 1 lbs yield loss for each 1 lbs of weeds (Oklahoma State University)

8 Alfalfa Quality Weeds may actually increase tonnage but reduce quality due to less nutrition and palatability. Loss of quality can be due to: Physical: prickly or spinney (foxtail, wild barley) Chemical: milk quality (mustards) Toxic: alkaloids (fiddleneck, com. groundsel) Weeds controlled = 20% protein 80% weed infestation = 9% protein (UC Davis)

9 Weed Identification

10 Weed Identification

11 Weed Control Options Chemical PRE vs. POST Contact vs. Systemic Selective vs. Non-selective Mechanical Cultural Clean seed Soil Fertility Soil ph Harvest Management (last cutting of season)

12 BASF Alfalfa Portfolio Herbicides Extreme Poast Prowl H2O Pursuit Raptor

13 Alfalfa Herbicides Fall after last cutting during dormancy Spring prior to 6 inches of re-growth Minimum 2 trifoliate leaves (seedling) 2.1 pt./a Less than 6 inches of regrowth (established) qt./a 28 day PHI w/ < 2.1 qt. or 50 days with higher rates Residual weed control Must be incorporated Refer to label for crop rotation restrictions

14 Prowl H2O Herbicide Prowl H2O Active Ingredient: Mode of Action: Site of Action: pendimethalin Mitosis Inhibitor Group 3: Microtubulin Lambsquarters Pigweed Barnyardgrass Kochia Many small seeded broadleaves and grasses

15 Prowl Residual Activity Untreated Raptor (4.0 oz./a) + Prowl H2O (2.4 qt./a)

16 Alfalfa Herbicides 2 trifoliate leaf alfalfa, 30 day PHI <3 inches regrowth in established stands Adjuvants and N fertilizer required Tankmix for ALS resistant kochia Lengthy plant back restrictions 2 trifoliate leaf alfalfa, 0 day PHI <3 inches regrowth in established stands Adjuvants and N fertilizer required Tankmix for ALS resistant kochia

17 Pursuit & Raptor Herbicide Pursuit Raptor Active Ingredient: Mode of Action: imazethapyr Branched chain amino acid inhibitor imazamox Branched chain amino acid inhibitor Site of Action: Group 2: ALS Mustards Shepard s purse Chickweed Lambsquarters Pigweed Barnyardgrass Kochia (non ALS resistant) Generally more broadleaves Group 2: ALS Mustards Shepard s purse Chickweed Lambsquarters Pigweed Barnyardgrass Kochia (non ALS resistant) Generally more grasses

18 Crop Rotation Restrictions Crop Clearfield crops, Dry Beans, Dry Peas, English Peas, Snap Beans Months Alfalfa 3 Wheat (non-clearfield) 3 Corn (all types) 8.5 Onion 9 Carrot 18 Potato 18 Canola (non-clearfield) 26 Sugar beet 26 0 Crop Months Clearfield Corn, Lima beans, Peas 0 Snap beans 2 Alfalfa 4 Clearfield Wheat 4 Wheat (non-clearfield) 4 Edible beans (other than lima beans) Field Corn 9.5 Sweet Corn 18 Potato 26 4 *Always refer to label for crop rotation restrictions. *Lower soil ph = longer imidazolinone carryover

19 Alfalfa Herbicides pt./a POST 4-8 tall grass weeds 14 day PHI hay, 7 day PHI forage Adjuvants and N fertilizer required Grass Weed Control

20 Poast Herbicide Poast Active Ingredient: Mode of Action: Site of Action: sethoxydim ACCase Inhibitor Group 1: ACCase Grass weed species

21 Roundup Ready Seedling Alfalfa Pursuit + glyphosate POST - 2 nd to 4 th trifoliate leaf stage pt./a 30 day PHI NIS and N fertilizer required Burndown plus residual Same plant back restrictions as Pursuit

22 Extreme Herbicide for use in Roundup Ready Alfalfa: Seedling Roundup Ready alfalfa Because of the biology and breeding constraints of alfalfa, up to 10% of the seedlings may not contain a Roundup Ready gene and will not survive or thrive after the first application of Extreme herbicide. To limit undesirable effects of stand gaps created by the loss of plants not containing a Roundup Ready gene, apply a single Extreme herbicide application of at least 3 pints per acre at or before the 3 to 4 trifoliate growth stage.

23 Active Ingredient: imazethapyr Mode of Action: Branched Chain amino acid inhibitor Extreme glyphosate Aromatic amino acid inhibitor Site of Action: Group 2: ALS Group 6: EPSPS Controls many broadleaf and grass weed species

24 BASF Forage Grass Portfolio Herbicides Sharpen Clarity Distinct Facet L

25 Forage Grass Herbicides fl oz/a PPT, PRE, Dormant 0 day PHI MSO + AMS required for burndown Non-selective Tank mix with glyphosate for burndown

26 Sharpen Herbicide Sharpen Active Ingredient: Mode of Action: Site of Action: saflufenacil Protox inhibitor Group 14: PPO Non-selective POST applications may result in leaf spotting and burning

27 Forage Grass Herbicides fl oz/a POST After 3 5 leaf stage and prior to jointing 7 day PHI NIS + N fertilizer required Broadleaf weed control oz/a POST Apply only to stands with at least 1 cutting 7 day PHI NIS + N fertilizer required Broadleaf weed control Do not apply to small grain forages Allow 120 days after application before planting any subsequent crops

28 Clarity & Distinct Herbicides Clarity Distinct Active Ingredient: Mode of Action: Site of Action: dicamba dicamba diflufenzopyr Growth regulator: synthetic auxin Growth regulator: synthetic auxin Auxin transport inhibitor Group 4: Group 4: Group 19: Broadleaf control Broadleaf control Broadleaf control, increases dicamba efficacy

29 Forage Grass Herbicides fl oz/a POST 7 day PHI hay, 0 day PHI forage COC/MSO + N fertilizer required 6 month rotation interval for wheat 24 month rotation interval for all other crops Field bindweed control: Apply in fall after harvest and straw removal prior to killing frost Apply to actively growing bindweed greater than 4 long Leafy spurge control: Apply at pre bloom or in fall prior to killing frost Tank mix with Distinct at 4 6 oz/a

30 Facet L Herbicides Facet L Active Ingredient: quinclorac Mode of Action: Growth regulator: synthetic auxin Site of Action: Group 4 & 26: Broadleaf control Selective grass control (barnyardgrass, crabgrass, foxtail, junglerice, signalgrass)

31 Herbicide Best Use Practices Wear appropriate PPE (refer to label for each herbicide) Long-sleeved shirt and long pants Chemical resistant gloves Safety glasses Scout often and identify weed species Incorporate pre-emergent herbicides Apply post-emergent herbicides to small actively growing weeds Do not apply most post-emergent herbicides to stressed plants Rotate and use multiple herbicide MOA

32 Herbicide Resistance The inherited ability of a plant to survive and reproduce following exposure to a dose of herbicide normally lethal to the wild type. initial frequency of resistance alleles a weed s mating system heritability of resistance fitness in the presence or absence of herbicide Repeated use of a single herbicide, or multiple herbicides with the same MOA

33 Herbicide Resistance To date: 437 unique cases 22 MOA 238 weed species 138 dicots 100 monocots 65 countries

34 Herbicide Resistance Management Start clean: use forage seed free of weed seed Burn down weeds prior to planting Do not reduce recommended herbicide rates Rotate herbicide modes of action Incorporate multiple herbicide modes of action Rotate crops

35 Are Diseases Present in Alfalfa? Alfalfa Management Guide, NCR547

36 Headline Fungicide Alfalfa (forage and seed) Diseases Controlled Application Method Rates Anthracnose, Rust, Spring and summer black stem and leaf spot, Common leaf spot, Powdery mildew, Yellow leaf blotch, Stemphyllium leaf spot, Downy mildew, Rhizoctonia, Stagnospora leaf spot Ground: >10 GPA, Air: >5 GPA, Chemigation (< 0.50 inch) 6-9 oz./a Timing REI PHI Adjuvant Use Apply prior to disease development 12 hours 14 days Add a 0.25% v/v to maximize coverage.

37 Headline Fungicide Headline Active Ingredient: Mode of Action: Site of Action: pyraclostrobin Respiration inhibitor Group 11: Mitochondria complex III: QoI Plant Health Less CO2 loss Increase nitrate reductase Increase nitric oxide (plant defenses) Reduced ethylene Increase superoxide dismutase Remove ROS

38 Headline 6 oz./a - Established Alfalfa 22 DAT - Buhl, ID Application: 4/27/11, Picture: 5/19/11 Disease: Common spot, Spring black stem Untreated

39 Headline Fungicide Alfalfa Location: Burley, ID Primary diseases: Common spot, Spring black stem Untreated Treated Untreated Treated Photo Date: 5/28/13, 25 days after application. Headline (6.0 oz./a) applied via chemigation in 0.30 inches of water

40 Impact of Headline on Established Alfalfa Untreated

41 Impact of Headline SC on Alfalfa Yield (16 Locations) Yield (T/A) First Cutting Untreated 2.14 Headline (15.9%) commercial side-by-side and replicated commercial studies in ID, WA, N. CA and MT. Headline SC at 6.0 oz./a applied to 4-6 inch growth by ground or chemigation in spring prior to first or second cutting only.

42 Return on Investment Hypothetical Treatment Cost ($/acre) (Headline + Adjuvants + Application) Alfalfa price ($/ton) Return on investment x 2.3x 3.0x 3.8x x 1.8x 2.4x 3.0x x 1.5x 2.0x 2.5x Based on yield response of 0.30 T/A for Headline applied to first cutting

43 Additional income for 100 acres Hypothetical Treatment Cost ($/acre) (Headline + Adjuvants + Application) Alfalfa price ($/ton) Additional income for 100 acres $1,000 $2,500 $4,000 $5, $500 $2,000 $3,500 $5, $0 $1,500 $3,000 $4,500 Based on yield response of 0.30 T/A for Headline applied to first cutting

44 Fastac EC Insecticide Broad spectrum control with both contact and residual activity Registered on a wide range of crops, including row and vegetable crops

45 Fastac EC Insecticide Pyrethroid - Alpha-cypermethrin Multiple insects controlled including alfalfa weevil oz./a. Use higher rates with heavy pressure. Ground, air or chemigation PHI: 3 days (forage), 7 days (seed) 12 hour REI

46 Thank You!