IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE. Present and potential role in food production and sustainable rural development. Prof. dr. Bart Schultz

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1 IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE Present and potential role in food production and sustainable rural development Prof. dr. Bart Schultz

2 World population growth Billion Least developed countries Emerging developing countries Developed countries Year

3 POPULATION DENSITY Continent Total area in Arable land in Total population in million Population density in persons/km 2 with reference to 10 6 ha 10 6 ha total area arable land Asia 2, , Africa 1, Europe 2, Americas 3, Oceania

4 Production of Cereals Developed countries Emerging developing countries Least developed countries Pr. in million ton NES in million ton Pr. in kg/person NES in kg/person

5 WATER MANAGEMENT Continent Total area in 10 6 ha Arable land in 10 6 ha Total population in million Water management practice in 10 6 ha No system Irrigation Drainage Asia Africa Europe 2,745 1,820 2, , Americas Oceania 3,

6 DEVELOPMENT OF IRRIGATED AREA Million ha Year World Asia Americas Europe Africa

7 WATER, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES feed the still growing worlds population (duplication in food production by 2025) improve the standard of living and environmental conditions in the rural area develop and manage land and water in a sustainable way during the coming decades especially in developing countries

8 BASIC QUESTIONS government policy on agriculture and rural development agriculture: food security, food self sufficiency, export required area of agricultural land required water management systems

9 WATER MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS water shortages inefficient water use waterlogging and salinization inadequate operation and maintenance pollution through fertilizers and pesticides flooding of cultivated areas

10 FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN WATER MANAGEMENT integrated water management sustainable development acceptable environmental impacts

11 RELEVANT DATA No system Irrigation Drainage (rainfed) Area: - in million ha 1, in % of total Crop output in %: - present in 2025 (estimated)

12 DEVELOPMENTS IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE required increase in efficiency, water saving institutional reforms in the direction of stakeholder controlled management transfer of systems, or of responsibilities modernisation cost recovery

13 ACTORS IN AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBLE CONTRIBUTING Consultants Government Policy, legislation, National waters Contractors, manufacturers Universities, schools Agencies Main and distri- Research institutes butary systems Banks, donors Farmers Field systems NGO s, Int. org. Farmers associations

14 MODERNIZATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MODERNIZATION Policy and legislation Projects of National importance Funding by Government Gov. budget and loans from dev. banks Main and distriburary systems Funding by Government and farmers Based on an agreed sharing of costs Gov. budget, loans, farmers Field systems Funding or by their labour May be with Government subsidy Gov. budget, loans priv. banks, farmers OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE Policy and legislation National waters and major structures Funding by Government Recurrent budget Main and distributary systems Funding by farmers May be Government subsidy Farmers money, recurrent gov. budget Field systems Funding or by their labour Their own money or labour May be loans from private banks

15 ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS determination of best modernisation options modernisation cost resulting cost and efforts for operation and maintenance of the modernised systems full cost recovery, or sustainability cost recovery cost sharing capacity to pay

16 DEVELOPMENTS IN CROP PRICES Price in US$/ton Year Wheat Maize Rice Soybean

17 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT migration from rural to urban areas higher yields per ha increase in farm sizes, higher value crops, or part time farming mechanisation in agriculture increased application of fertilizer and pesticides depletion of surface and groundwater resources

18 WHAT CAN FARMERS AFFORD dependent on farmers experience, skill and farmers organisations not more than a certain percentage of the value of their yield (rough indicator 5%) farmers can contribute in cash and in kind

19 THE IMPORTANCE OF BENCHMARKING information on the performance of the existing system in the broad sense: technically, financially, socially and environmentally indicators for best improvement options for modernisation and their possible effects

20 A nation that fails to plan intelligently for the development and protection of its precious waters will be condemned to wither because of its short-sightedness. The hard lessons of history are clear, written on the deserted sands and ruins of once proud civilizations. President Lyndon B. Johnson