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1 Institute of Ag Professionals Proceedings of the 2009 Crop Pest Management Shortcourse & Minnesota Crop Production Retailers Association Trade Show Do not reproduce or redistribute without the written consent of author(s).
2 300 BUSHEL CORN POSSIBLE; PROBABLE? CPM Short Course Minneapolis Convention Center 10 December 2009 Roger W. Elmore, Extension Corn Agronomist & Professor of Agronomy, Iowa State University
![advances in molecular breeding will push [national average yields] to 250 bushels per acre.](/docs-images/74/69705807/images/3-2.jpg "Additional biotechnology gains will boost the average to 300 bushels per acre by 2030.")
3 advances in molecular breeding will push [national average yields] to 250 bushels per acre. Additional biotechnology gains will boost the average to 300 bushels per acre by October 2007
4 Achieving 300 Bu/Ac Corn Yield Location, Location, Location Soil high organic matter, well drained Management Water Fertility & ph Tillage Pest management Weeds, Disease, Insect Hybrid Plant population Planting date Row Spacing Crop Rotation
5 Achieving 300 Bu/Ac Corn Yield Hybrid Plant population Planting date Row Spacing Crop Rotation at Kip Cullers 2007
6 Yields from ISU Corn Hybrid Trials NE District NW Dsitrict Ave RM = 161 Ave RM = 174 Range = Range = CE District Ave RM = 197 Range = Ames RM = 197 Range = SW District >112RM = 220 Range = SE District Ave >112RM = 193 Range =
7 Transgenic Hybrids 85% of US growers % of US Growers planting GE Hybrids used transgenic corn in % were gene stacked hybrids % ALL GE Stacked GE Year USDA, Economic Research Service, 2009 From Wade Kent, Grad. Research Asst., 2009
8 Seed Costs per Acre - Iowa $120 Corn Seed Costs per Acre $100 $80 $60 $40 $20 $0 Farm Business Assoc. Estimates ISU Budget Values From Mike Duffy, ISU
9 Root Growth over time (Ames) Root biomass (Mg/ha) DKC6018 DKC6169 Root Biomass (Mg/ha) DKC6374 NC3943 NC4447 NC5329 PI33W84 PI34F29 PI34P94 NK68B GH8953 GH9145 Sample Date (GDU s) From Wade Kent, Grad. Research Asst., 2009
10 Achieving 300 Bu/Ac Corn Yield Hybrid Plant population Planting date Row Spacing Crop Rotation 25,000, 35, 000, & 45,000 plants per acre
11 Midwest Corn Plant Populations NASS
12 Midwest Corn Plant Populations NASS Minnesota = +367 ppa/year Iowa = +398 ppa/year
13 32 Site Years All ISU Locs (ppa) Percent Yield from 32 Site Years % Yield Plant Population (ppa)
14 Era Hybrids at Varying Plant Populations ,000 ppa ,146 ppa Grain Yield (bu/acre) 4,000 ppa 32 D. Duvick Advances in Agronomy. Volume 86
15 Planting Rate of NCGA Contest Winners, From: Steve Butzen, Pioneer Agronomy Sciences, 2009
16 Achieving 300 Bu/Ac Corn Yield Hybrid Plant population Planting date Row Spacing Crop Rotation FEEL, ISU, 2009
17 Iowa corn planting progress: Corn Planted ( %) Apr 23-Apr 7-May 21-May 4-Jun 18-Jun USDA-NASS data
18 Iowa Corn Planting Progress: , Corn Planted % /9 4/16 4/23 4/30 5/7 5/14 5/21 5/28 6/4 6/11 6/18 6/25 7/2 7/9 USDA NASS Date
19 Research Design Three years: 2006, 2007, and data not included due to wet conditions and cool temperatures Multiple locations: 6 ISU research and demonstration farms Plot dimensions: 8 rows x 50 feet
20
21 April 10 April 20 May 1 May 10 May 20 May 30
22 98% Yield Window: April 17 May 8 95% Yield Window: April 11 May 13 April 10 April 20 May 1 May 10 May 20 May 30
23 98% Yield Window: April 15 May 9 95% Yield Window: April 15 May 18 April 10 April 20 May 1 May 10 May 20 May 30
24 98% Yield Window: April 12 April 30 95% Yield Window: April 12 May 2 April 10 April 20 May 1 May 10 May 20 May 30
25 95% Planting Date Recommendations: 3 Regions 95% Yield Window: April 12 May 2 95% Yield Window: April 15 May 18 95% Yield Window: April 11 May 13
26 98% Planting Date Recommendations: 3 Regions 98% Yield Window: April 12 April 30 98% Yield Window: April 15 May 9 98% Yield Window: April 17 May 8
27 Average Daily Temperature ( F): Apr 15 Oct yr average ( ); NOAA MRCC Data - Courtesy of Dr. Pat Guinan, MU
28 Grain Moisture Across Locations ~0.25% increase ~0.17% per day increase ~0.10% per day increase per day April 10 April 20 May 1 May 10 May 20 May 30
29 April 10 April 20 May 1 May 10 May 20 May 30
30 Achieving 300 Bu/Ac Corn Yield Hybrid Plant population Planting date Row Spacing Crop Rotation Humbolt Co. Iowa, Andreas, 1875.
31 Fertility, Grant Wood, 1939.
32 Average Row Spacing Iowa, Illinois, & Minnesota Average Row Spacing (inches) Illinois Iowa Minnesota 28 Compiled from USDA-NASS
33 Yield in 15 and 30-Inch Rows IL and IA Yield in 15-Inch (bu/acre) IL IL 90's IA Pop x Row IA Hybrid x Row 1:1 Line Linear (1:1 Line) Yield in 30-Inch (bu/acre)
34 Row Spacing of NCGA Contest Winners, From: Steve Butzen, Pioneer Agronomy Sciences, 2009
35 Achieving 300 Bu/Ac Corn Yield Hybrid Plant population Planting date Row Spacing Crop Rotation
36 Corn on Corn
37
38 Yield C>C vs C>SB, Iowa % Yield loss C-C vs. C-SB 16 16% 4% 10% 20% 1% 14 11% 30% 8% 2% 12 19% 28% Yield (Mg/ha) 10 8 C-C C-SB Calument '08 Calument '09 Kanawha '08 Kanwaha '09 Nashua '08 Nashua '09 Lewis '08 NK '09 Ames '08 Ames '09 C-Ville '08 Location From Wade Kent, Grad. Research Asst., 2009
39 Previous crop residue effect on yield, Iowa, Northern locations b Southern locations b 14 a a a A a a A A a 12 A A A 10 Yield (Mg/ha) From Wade Kent, Grad. Research Asst., 2009 Previous crop residue
40 Iowa Yields: Following Corn & Soybean [RW Transgenic Hybrids] Corn after Corn Corn after Soybeans Average13.4% difference 50 0 C '04 NW '04 SW '05 NW '05 C '06 NW '06 SE '06 C '07 SW '07 NW '07 SE '07 SC '07 NC '07 NE '07 C '08 SW '08 NW '08 SE '08 SC '08 NC '08 NE '08 avg J. Sawyer & D. Barker, Iowa State Univ. 2008
41 Previous crop of NCGA Contest Winners, From: Steve Butzen, Pioneer Agronomy Sciences, 2009
42 Achieving 300 Bu/Ac Corn Yield Hybrid Plant population Planting date Row Spacing Crop Rotation
43 Low Fruit Picked? Crop Rotation Planting Date Row Spacing Seeding Rate Soil Fertility Tillage Pest Management Others?
44 For 300, Focus on.
45
46
47 to reach for higher yields Situations Often Overlooked: Planting adjustments Seeding depth Planting conditions: sidewall compaction, etc. Picket-fence stands (higher yield environments?) Uneven emergence
48 to reach for higher yields Situations Often Overlooked: Residue management/soil system Compaction early season and harvest Complex interactions between management practices Scout, Scout, Scout!
49 U.S. Corn Yields, Calculated: 193 bu/a bu/a/yr Yield (bu/acre) slope (30 yr) 1.24%
50 U.S. Corn Yields, bu/a 2030 Calculated: bu/a/yr slope (30 yr) Yield (bu/acre) % 193 bu/a
51 NCGA Winners (1 st -3 rd ) Yield (bpa) Yields above 400 bu/acre removed
52 300 BUSHEL CORN POSSIBLE; PROBABLE?
53 Roger Elmore Lori Abendroth Corn Web Page:
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