Aquaculture Infrastructures for Excellence in European Fish Research. Key Achievements Booklet 2 August 2014

Transcription

1 Aquaculture Infrastructures for Excellence in European Fish Research Key Achievements Booklet 2 August 2014

2 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS

3 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS INTRODUCTION AQUAEXCEL KEY ACHIEVEMENTS This is the second in a series of four booklets that will introduce the project, its core functions, as well as its progress to date. The booklet focuses on AQUAEXCEL s key achievements and provides detailed summaries of each. The aim of this booklet is to communicate to a general public how AQUAEXCEL s work is benefitting the research community and industry as well as helping to achieve significant value creation. Introduction to AQUAEXCEL AQUAEXCEL (Aquaculture Infrastructures for Excellence in European Fish Research) is an EU FP7 project that aims to integrate key aquaculture research infrastructures across Europe in order to promote their coordinated use and development. Through collaboration with 17 partners and 23 facilities, AQUAEXCEL offers access to top class research infrastructures for both basic and applied research, giving aquaculture research groups the opportunity to utilise AQUAEXCEL s facilities. AQUAEXCEL s work is important because it provides essential benefits to improve aquaculture research in the EU. One of its unique selling points is that all types of EU aquaculture systems and species are part of AQUAEXCEL. AQUAEXCEL s purpose is to bring together very different infrastructures and to develop common ways of thinking and of conducting research, thereby leading to a decompartmentalisation of EU aquaculture research, which is usually rather species-centred. It is also expected that transnational access to AQUAEXCEL s unique set of infrastructures will help emerging research teams produce good research on aquaculture target species, as well as develop and strengthen collaboration networks, thus benefiting EU aquaculture research beyond the AQUAEXCEL project. An additional benefit will be the development of new methods and tools for more cost-efficient and applicable research. In a nutshell, AQUAEXCEL is here to improve aquaculture research capacities in the EU. 02

4 TRAINING COURSES AQUAEXCEL organised four pioneering new technical training courses that focused on different aspects of aquaculture experimentation. These courses were unique in putting emerging aquaculture infrastructure centres of excellence to the forefront and presented a valuable opportunity for researchers and technicians in this field to further their experience. COURSE 1 Title: Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Technology Date: April 2013 Location: Wageningen University, the Netherlands Course Organisers: Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University (the Netherlands), with the expertise of the Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research (NOFIMA), L Institut Français de Recherche pour l Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), the Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), the Technical University of Denmark and the University of California. COURSE DESCRIPTION In this training course, experts in the field of RAS reviewed the newest principles, concepts and operation of conventional and ecosystem approach -based RAS. RAS already has an extremely environmentally-friendly image, but this can be further improved by minimising the ecological impact of fish farming by closing the system where possible in terms of water and nutrients. The objective of this course was to examine and convey the aspects of recirculation technology that is of importance to research, design and management, and operation. Additionally, the course evaluated innovative new and existing farm installations. This course placed emphasis on the provision of opportunities for gaining handson experience in design, evaluation and operation of recirculation systems. Aspects of farm management and routine-based operations at fish farms using recirculation systems were also addressed. Training was provided using a combination of a distance learning element, integration of the developed infrastructure for RAS, traditional lectures, innovative practical training, and field trips. COURSE CONTENT Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Aspects of recirculation technology relevant to research Design and management of RAS Operation and evaluation of RAS Closing systems Minimising water and nutrient use PARTICIPANT S FEEDBACK Learned a lot that will be helpful in my research, good contacts, interesting lectures and conversations with people from all over the world Great opportunity to meet with specialists and people with the same specific interest, build connections and learn about RAS from those who are doing it Concise update on what is going on in the world of RAS A fantastic opportunity to undertake intensive training and be presented with a comprehensive review of the subject and its application 03 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS

5 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS A very intense but useful experience with a lot of experts in RAS Amazing course, far beyond my expectations. Very professional and nice experts in the field with the best facilities available in this area. Very good for future networking 1 Genomic research for developing new tools for refined phenotyping. 2 Genomic research for characterisation of genetic architecture of important traits which will be applied in selective breeding programmes. Within these two topics, the course also presented specific genetic materials (such as selected fish lines and isogenic fish lines) as tools for understanding the mechanisms for construction of phenotypes which will be necessary for developing new phenotyping tools and genetic analysis of production traits required for sustainable aquaculture. COURSE CONTENT The genome introduction, sequencing, construction, annotation and comparative genome mapping How genomic information can help to refine phenotyping Identification and exploration of genomic regions associated with variation of aquaculture-related traits Practical training COURSE 2 Title: Contribution of Genomic Approaches to the Development of Sustainable Aquaculture Date: October 2013 Location: Rennes, France Course Organisers: INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) Laboratory of Fish Physiology and the INRA GABI (Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative) Genetics and Aquaculture group, France, with the expertise of IATS (Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal) of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Torre de la Sal, Spain. PARTICIPANT S FEEDBACK It was very interesting and it gave me a view of the possibilities of genomic tools to be applied in aquaculture. Good presentations, great and enthusiastic teachers and great atmosphere among fellow participants. Excellent organisation and teachers. A good opportunity to meet other professionals in Europe. COURSE DESCRIPTION This course focused on the recent developments in aquaculture genomics research which will support innovation in trout, bass, bream, turbot, and carp aquaculture. It covered two major areas where genomic tools and studies can be of benefit to aquaculture: 04

6 TRAINING COURSES This workshop provided practical training in the collection, handling and storage of gametes for these purposes, from a range of species, but with a focus on salmonids and tilapias as examples. The course compared and contrasted the range of shock treatments that have been used to enhance the retention of the second meiotic and first mitotic divisions across species. The UV and X-ray inactivation of milt and ova DNA was undertaken, and the optimisation of such procedures was examined. Methods for validation of the offspring from the various experiments were discussed and a range of techniques (e.g. karyotyping, flow cytometry, genetic fingerprinting, sex ratio) demonstrated. Tilapia and trout were used for the practical work but the teaching outcome also enabled those completing the course to develop a programme of spawning induction, gamete management and CSM for research or commercial purposes in a new fish species. The course used the experiences, examples and data generated through Work Package 9 (WP9) of the AQUAEXCEL project. COURSE 3 Title: The Application of Chromosome Set Manipulations and the Importance of Gamete Collection and Management in Aquaculture Date: November 2013 Location: University of Stirling, Scotland Course Organisers: Institute of Aquaculture (IoA), University of Stirling, with additional inputs from scientists based at l Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), France, and the Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Norway. COURSE DESCRIPTION Chromosome Set Manipulation (CSM) technology is used in fish and shellfish aquaculture and has important applications in the development of unique genotypes for basic research (haploid, meiotic and mitotic gynogenetic and androgenetic individuals) and direct commercial applications to the aquaculture industry (sterile triploids and investigation and manipulation of sex-determination systems e.g. YY males). COURSE CONTENT Principles of CSM in aquatic organisms Applications of CSM in the management of aquatic organisms Gamete management Applications of gamete storage Tilapia reproductive biology Trout reproductive biology Cool storage and cryopreservation Application of technologies Gynogenesis and androgenesis Double haploids and isogenic lines Verification of ploidy status Aquaculture and restocking PARTICIPANT S FEEDBACK Fantastic and professional training course. I really enjoyed visiting the Institute of Aquaculture, meeting world renowned scientists in the area of chromosome set manipulation and gamete handling, having them share their experience with us, and networking with researchers from different countries. Interesting and practical course on the management and handling of gametes. 05 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS

7 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS COURSE 4 Title: Efficient Utilisation of New Monitoring and Control Systems in Fish Experiments Date: May 2014 Location: Trondheim, Norway Course Organisers: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and Stiftelsen for industriell og teknisk forskning (SINTEF), SeaLab COURSE DESCRIPTION The main focus of this course was on the use of advanced monitoring and communication tools in aquaculture fish experiments. Experimental methods in first feeding experiments were introduced, with emphasis on the possibilities offered by instrumentation and control systems. Participants learned how to handle and efficiently use the available cameras, sensors and control systems at the CodTech automated first feeding rig in different types of experiments. Another objective of the course was to demonstrate how to apply remote access tools at the SINTEF Facilities for Surveillance, Simulation and Operation (SSO), connected to both CodTech and Aquaculture Engineering (ACE). The control room allows processes such as feeding frequencies and quantities, light period and intensity, and water flow, to be monitored and/or manipulated remotely. COURSE CONTENT Aquaculture E-Infrastructure Control Systems Remote Monitoring PARTICIPANT S FEEDBACK It was a great experience to interact with professors, researchers and students in an informal environment, and a great opportunity to share knowledge, experiences and ideas. The combination of lectures and practical sessions were very well organised. The group work also lead us to discuss our different points of view and to find solutions together. It was very helpful to get more details on monitoring and control systems. A very good course and very useful for networking. It was a superb course and the staff were excellent. I thoroughly enjoyed it. 06

8 KEY OUTPUT 1: Inventory of European Aquaculture Research Needs Summary: This inventory assesses existing European aquaculture Research Infrastructures (RIs) and evaluates whether these infrastructures will meet the predicted future needs of researchers in this area. This review may assist with planning for development of future aquaculture RIs. At a glance: Full Title: Inventory of European Aquaculture Research Needs, Based on the Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda of the European Aquaculture Technology and Innovation Platform (2013) Knowledge Type: Book/Review Where to find it: Who to contact for more information: Jan Ove Evjemo, NTNU; E: jan.ove.evjemo@ntnu.no; T: Patents or other IPR exploitation: No Introduction European researchers need effective and convenient access to the best research infrastructures in order to conduct research for the advancement of knowledge and technology. AQUAEXCEL evaluated whether the existing pool of European aquaculture Research Infrastructures (RIs) complies with the future needs for research and development expressed by the European aquaculture industry and research community, taking into account future challenges and sustainable development of the industry. Key information: Since 2010, a significant effort has been made to identify and prioritise the research needs in the European aquaculture sector through the EC-funded FP7 AQUAINNOVA project, coordinated by the European Aquaculture Technology and Innovation Platform (EATiP). Through multi-stakeholder involvement and workshops in different European regions, a Strategic Agenda for Research & Innovation (SRIA) for the future of European aquaculture was developed, which identified forecasts and needs of the sector in AQUAEXCEL was deeply involved in this process through participation in the workshops and contribution to the final document. The inventory of European Aquaculture Research Needs is a baseline document organised under the following areas: 1. Genetics; 2. Nutrition; 3. Physiology; 4. Welfare; 5. Health and pathology; 6. Aquaculture system engineering; 7. Environmental interactions and impacts; and 8. Processing. The inventory can be used to determine which research needs can be met by specific infrastructures and services, and to identify gaps where required characteristics cannot be found in existing RIs in Europe. It could also be used to provide corroborating evidence for the development of new aquaculture RIs needed by the European scientific community. 07 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS

9 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS End-User & Application: NOTE: This document is not intended as a final product, but as the basis for the research infrastructure gap analysis. However, the following users could make use of the current document as a standalone product: End-User 1: Scientific community aquaculture genetics. Applications: Researchers working in aquaculture genetics can consult the overview to check for the main research needs and associated required actions identified for the near future in the aquaculture genetics field which require the use of research infrastructures. End-User 2: Scientific community aquaculture nutrition. Applications: Researchers working in aquaculture nutrition can consult the overview to check for the main research needs and associated required actions identified for the near future in the aquaculture nutrient field which require the use of research infrastructures. End-User 3: Scientific community aquaculture physiology. Applications: Researchers working in aquaculture physiology can consult the overview to check for the main research needs and associated required actions identified for the near future in the aquaculture physiology field which require the use of research infrastructures. End-User 4: Scientific community aquaculture welfare. Applications: Researchers working in aquaculture welfare can consult the overview to check for the main research needs and associated required actions identified for the near future in the aquaculture welfare field which require the use of research infrastructures. End-User 5: Scientific community aquaculture health & pathology. Applications: Researchers working in aquaculture health & pathology can consult the overview to check for the main research needs and associated required actions identified for the near future in the aquaculture health & pathology field which require the use of research infrastructures. End-User 6: Scientific community aquaculture system engineering. Applications: Researchers working in aquaculture system engineering can consult the overview to check for the main research needs and associated required actions identified for the near future in the aquaculture system engineering field which require the use of research infrastructures. End-User 7: Scientific community aquaculture environmental interactions & impact. Applications: Researchers working in aquaculture environmental interactions & impact can consult the overview to check for the main research needs and associated required actions identified for the near future in the aquaculture environmental interactions & impact field which require the use of research infrastructures. End-User 8: Higher Education aquaculture. Applications: Increased societal and industry relevance of aquaculture study programmes. End-User 9: Policy makers, including development agencies/regional development authorities/funding bodies, involved in national and European level aquaculture and research infrastructure. Applications: Providing an overview of the current needs of aquaculture which can be addressed by research infrastructures, as expressed in the goals and action plans suggested by a consolidated European aquaculture industry and research community. Impact: The inventory may lead to stimulation of more industryrelevant aquaculture research and education in Europe, as well as adjustment of European aquaculture research infrastructure features; making them better suited to meeting sector needs, and reducing the length of the process between research results and uptake. 08

10 KEY OUTPUT 2: Identification of prioritised activities contributing to further integration and collaboration of European research infrastructures Summary: This report summarises findings from a survey on collaborations between European aquaculture Research Infrastructures (RIs), exploring why partners were motivated to collaborate with other RIs and what factors are needed to support such collaborations. This will help to ensure the continuation of collaborations established through the AQUAEXCEL project and to foster new collaborations in the future. At a glance: Full Title: Report on regulatory collaboration framework for research infrastructures, based on collaboration needs and possibilities Knowledge Type: Report Where to find it: Who to contact for more information: Jean Dhont, UGent; E: Jean.Dhont@UGent.be; T: Patents or other IPR exploitation: No Introduction Within the framework of AQUAEXCEL, strong alliances between Europe s leading aquaculture Research Infrastructures (RIs) have been formed. However, the challenge is to sustain and broaden out the coordinated operation of the RIs and build an integrated European aquaculture RI in the long term. AQUAEXCEL set the process in motion to secure the long-term integration of aquaculture RIs in Europe and asked its partners about their drivers for cooperation with other aquaculture RIs. AQUAEXCEL s partners were asked what their priority needs are to make collaboration happen, before and after EC funding. Key information: The survey of AQUAEXCEL partners revealed that across the various aspects of the collaboration between aquaculture RIs, virtually all are considered to be important or highly important. This indicates that even if there are nuances between rationales for RI collaboration, the relevance of the collaboration in itself is unquestioned. Various comments further corroborated the endorsement of AQUAEXCEL as an initial step towards the establishment of a regulatory framework for RI collaboration. The report also further investigates regulatory frameworks which may provide the functionality that is requested by infrastructure providers. The main obstacle/condition for advanced RI collaboration was by far the need for funding. This indicates that whatever regulatory framework is envisaged for RI collaboration, the terms for funding both contributing and receiving will be decisive for its success. The analysis of the outcomes is ready for uptake, but will also serve as a basis for considering a future model for sustained RI cooperation in the field of aquaculture in Europe. End-User & Application: End-User 1: Policy Makers. Applications: Raising awareness about needs and constraints with regard to the building of the European Research Area (ERA) in the field of aquaculture; End-User 2: Scientific community aquaculture. Applications: Providing knowledge about potentially suitable regulatory frameworks for RI collaboration in the aquaculture sector; End-User 3: RI projects in other sectors. Applications: The conclusions can be used to establish common RI services between RIs from other sectors and aquaculture RIs. Impact: Could lead to stimulation of collaboration among aquaculture RIs in Europe; simplification of access to key RIs through the development of common RI services; and development of a RI organisational model that is in line with the prevailing needs and regulatory environment on a national and international level. 09 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS

11 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS KEY OUTPUT 3: Best Practice Guidelines on How to Measure Phenotypic Traits in Aquaculture Fish Summary: These guidelines describe best practice methods for measuring particular observable traits in aquaculture fish species, including growth, performance, nutrition, reproduction, fish and meat quality. This is important for ensuring that scientific data is standardised and transferable within the aquaculture research area and between research and industry. At a glance: Full Title: Best Practice Guidelines on How to Measure Phenotypic Traits in Aquaculture Fish - Harmonised and standardised methods of measuring phenotypic traits of most relevance in aquaculture fish species, including growth, performance, nutrition, reproduction, fish and meat quality. Knowledge Type: Guidelines/Standards Where to find it: Who to contact for more information: Marisol Izquierdo López, Aquaculture Division of IUSA (ULPGC); E: mizquierdo@dbio.ulpgc.es; T: Patents or other IPR exploitation: No Introduction The Best Practice Guidelines on How to Measure Phenotypic Traits in Aquaculture Fish describe best practice methods to measure phenotypic traits of most relevance in aquaculture species (related to growth, performance, nutrition, reproduction, fish and meat quality). Phenotype is an organism s actual observed properties, such as morphology, development or behaviour. Aquaculture research is an applied science where extrapolation of experimental results to industrial scale is essential. Standardisation of definitions of interesting traits, measurement methods and implementation processes is important in order to generate harmony between experimental and industrial scales. Moreover, the adequate characterisation and definition of phenotypic traits partially determines the validation of biological models and the degree to which they are transferred to industry. The current lack of standards in measurement and/or trait characterisation between companies and/or research centres introduces harmful source variations. The large number of traits with industrial economic relevance and the array of different measurement methods presently described for every one of them, leads to a situation where some current results and phenotypic databases cannot be compared. These Best Practice Guidelines address this challenge and facilitate the combination of databases, comparison of results between research groups and companies, and extrapolation of experimental results to industrial scale. Key information: Experts within the AQUAEXCEL project used an intensive identification method to select 62 phenotypic traits of most relevance to specific species in aquaculture related to animal welfare, growth and meat production, nutrition and reproduction. The species included are sea bream, sea bass, red porgy, meagre, rainbow trout, zebrafish, cod, and Atlantic salmon. They then proceeded to harmonise and standardise the measurement methods of these phenotypic traits, as well as experimental procedures, taking into account the different culture systems, scales and species. This information has been collated in this 10

12 best practice manual, correlating, normalising and validating experimental processes and phenotypic characterisation in a common language for researchers, companies and other stakeholders, which will allow study and laboratory comparisons, both in research and industrial contexts. Visual aids are included showing skeletal deformities in farmed salmon and sea bass including scoliosis, lordosis, kyphosis, short trunk, short tail, short operculum, lower jaw deformity, and upper jaw deformity. End-User & Application: End-User 1: Scientific Community aquaculture. Applications: Aquaculture researchers can use this manual to harmonise, normalise and validate experimental processes and phenotypic characterisation in a common technical language. The recommendations, if correctly applied, confer an optimum level of comparison between experiments and different research centres. End-User 2: Scientific Community fisheries. Applications: Providing standardised monitoring techniques it might be useful for scientific institutes who observe more specific monitoring protocols. End-User 3: Industry aquaculture, including aquaculture production sites where biological monitoring is a regular occurrence, and breeding and ongrowing companies at different phases of production (fingerlings, juveniles, slaughtering size and breeders). Applications: The aquaculture industry can use this manual to harmonise, normalise and validate experimental processes and phenotypic characterisation in a common technical language. The recommendations, if correctly applied, confer an optimum level of comparison between different fish suppliers (research centres and industry), and they will facilitate screening processes and comparisons among batches within and between companies. End-User 4: Education (e.g. fish veterinarians, aquaculture, fisheries, animal health administration). Applications: It could be used as staff training material. It could also be used by marine veterinarians to provide standardised data on biological monitoring (in order to ensure that companies operate to the highest possible standards of welfare, all aquaculture farmers should develop a documented Vet Health Plan). Impact: Adoption of these guidelines could result in stronger recognition and increased commercial value of standardised results through better validation of biological models and their degree of transfer to industry. It could also lead to improved animal welfare in aquaculture practices through improved biological monitoring and earlier recognition of issues affecting stock, including food safety, meat quality and product traceability. It might also be used for increasing the accuracy of measurement of the traits, and therefore the quality of scientific results. 11 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS

13 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS KEY OUTPUT 4: Report outlining technical solutions, guidance materials and testing protocols for the standardised implementation of the AQUAEXCEL e-infrastructure Summary: This report describes the development of prototype electronic infrastructures (e-infrastructures) at five aquaculture research facilities to enable interchange of data and remote operation of facilities over the internet. At a glance: Full Title: Report outlining technical solutions, guidance materials and testing protocols for the standardised implementation of the AQUAEXCEL e-infrastructure to facilitate the interchange of data and remote operations between aquaculture research facilities including an implementation guide. Knowledge Type: Report Where to find it: Who to contact for more information: Andries Kamstra, IMARES; E: andries.kamstra@wur.nl; T: Patents or other IPR exploitation: No Introduction An e-infrastructure is an electronic infrastructure to facilitate interchange of data and remote operation between research facilities over the internet. AQUAEXCEL aims to develop, implement and evaluate technical solutions for providing remote access to some of AQUAEXCEL s research facilities. The individual AQUAEXCEL partners have developed and adapted e-infrastructures which suited their requirements. Given the diverse range of existing e-infrastructures, a number of different solutions were investigated. This key output describes the first versions (prototypes) of the e-infrastructure at five facilities, including testing and a guide for implementation. Key information: Five facilities were used for testing the developed e-infrastructures. For each facility, a technical solution for external access (e-infrastructure) was provided as follows: IMARES: External accessibility of the system for monitoring water quality in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) as well as using SharePoint to exchange data. SINTEF/ACE: Remote access to the Aquaculture Engineering (ACE) industry scale salmon farming Research Infrastructure, including oceanography data and also a common model for storage of data on water quality. WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY: External data capture and access to the Metabolic Research Unit. NOFIMA: Data exchange on water quality data in Recirculation Aquaculture Systems. NTNU: Client-less secure remote access to the CodTech Marine Hatchery Automation Laboratory. 12

14 A protocol for systematic testing of the performance of the e-infrastructures was developed. This protocol was used by the individual partners to optimise accessibility and was applied by an external expert to all infrastructures. The conclusion of the testing was that all the tested infrastructures are accessible, functional and safe. A central portal for entrance to the different e-infrastructures was created through a Wikidot site. This provides a user interface which contains the necessary information regarding preconditions and logon information for each facility. Access to the different partner e-infrastructures is controlled locally to ensure compatibility with existing technical infrastructure and required security levels. End-User & Application: End-User 1: AQUAEXCEL related scientific community. Applications: Researchers within AQUAEXCEL or external researchers using the Transnational Access (TNA) facilities can consult the report to get an overview of the functionality that the e-infrastructure will provide, and how to use the e-infrastructure for accessing facilities. It could also be used as reference and training material for new researchers. End-User 2: Facility managers. Applications: Facility managers can consult the report as input for planning development of their own e-infrastructures. Impact: Increased utilisation of research facilities by improving collaboration and corroboration through maximising external access. This could also lead to increased quality and quantity of research as more researchers will be able to remotely access highly specialised facilities. 13 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS

15 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS KEY OUTPUT 5: Effects of Different Sized Experimental Tanks and Cages on Performance Indicators of Atlantic Salmon and Sea Bass Summary: Results suggest that fish grow faster and perform better in larger units compared to smaller sized options, and fish perform worse when moved from large to smaller units. It also shows that comparisons between rearing in tanks and cages must be done with caution, since in this case performance in large cages (120m) was not as good as in large tanks (103m3). At a glance: Full Title: Effects on survival and growth rates as well as quality and welfare indicators of two fish species; Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) when using different sized experimental tanks and cages during their lifespan. Knowledge Type: Report Where to find it: Who to contact for more information: Åsa Espmark, Nofima, E: Asa.espmark@nofima.no T: Bendik Fyhn Terjesen, Nofima; E: Bendik.terjesen@nofima.no; T: Nikos Papandroulakis, HCMR, E: npap@hcmr.gr Patents or other IPR exploitation: No Introduction The development and sustainability of the European aquaculture industry is strongly dependent on research. For better control, standardisation, possibilities for replicated treatments and cost effectiveness, research is often done in small scale tanks; while the industry requests results that are directly transferable to often much larger units. There is a growing concern that the gap between the increasing sizes of industrial tanks or cages and research units may affect the relevance of the scientific data. For more reliable recommendations, industrial standards for experimental design and methodology would be a tremendous advantage. Key information: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of rearing tank size and different scaling histories on Atlantic salmon and sea bass performance. The effects of tank size on abiotic factors such as water quality, velocity and hydraulic retention time were also investigated. The salmon industry is rapidly developing; cages are getting larger and new technology enables more production in larger tanks on land, leading to part of the production being moved from sea cages to land-based tanks. Aquaculture research must take into account the large unit sizes used in the industry. This report demonstrates that several aspects of Atlantic salmon and sea bass performance, including physiology, behaviour and growth, are significantly affected when the experimental production unit size is changed. Four different tests were carried out: 1 Atlantic salmon in different sized experimental tanks (diameters of 1m, 2m and 7m) - with standardised variables (temperature, salinity, etc.); 2 A parallel test of the same strain of Atlantic salmon in sea cages of same diameter (circumference: 120m) where variables were monitored; 3 Sea bass larvae and juveniles in different sized tanks (40L, 500L and 2,000L) with standardised variables; 4 Sea bass in sea cages of different volume (two rectangular: 3m, 6m; one circular: diameter 1m), with variables monitored. 14

16 Results suggest fish grow faster and perform better in larger units compared to smaller sized options. It also shows that tanks and cages cannot be directly compared as performance in large cages (120m) is not as good as in large tanks (103m 3 ). End-User & Application: End-User 1: Aquaculture industry producers. Applications: Sea bream and sea bass farmers can consider their current production methods, specifically size of units, and potentially change them to increase parameters of performance. End-Userr 2: Aquaculture industry breeding and reproduction sector. Applications: Suppliers and companies involved with in-house selective breeding could use this knowledge to decrease the variables when testing gene expression. End-User 3: Aquaculture industry salmon producers. Applications: Results from 7m tanks show salmon producers that further growth in cages has potential. As performance differs between different scales, new methods are needed to predict performance in salmon in large scale production. End-User 4: Scientific community. Applications: The knowledge can be used to design experiments relevant to the aquaculture industry. Scientific publications could be seen as more reliable when experimental designs are based on commercial settings. Impact: Provide the industry with appropriate advice on how they can improve fish performance and sustainability. Since growth rate can influence, for example, the results of studies on water quality thresholds and nutritional requirements; and if research experimental units can provide growth rates that are comparable with the industry, then research can provide data for future water quality standards and nutritional requirements. 15 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS

17 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS KEY OUTPUT 6: Utilisation of the marine microalgae Pavlova viridis for Atlantic cod larvae nutrition as an alternative to fish oil or other microalgae Summary: This study examined the use of marine microalgae for the enrichment of live feed for Atlantic cod larvae. At a glance: Full Title: Use of the marine microalgae Pavlova viridis for the enrichment of live feed organisms for the feeding of Atlantic cod larvae in order to make use of the essential unsaturated long-chain fatty acids derived from Pavlova sp. Knowledge Type: Product Where to find it: currently samples are available for hatcheries Who to contact for more information: Knowledge: Sabine Rehberg-Haas, GMA Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur mbh; E: rehberg@gma-buesum.de. Product: Dr Sebastian Lippemeier, BlueBioTech; E: lippemeier@bluebiotech.de Patents or other IPR exploitation: No This research was carried out under AQUAEXCEL Transnational Access in NTNU, CodTech. Sabine Rehberg-Haas Introduction Microalgae have an important role in aquaculture as a means of enriching zooplankton for on-feeding to fish and other larvae. In addition to providing protein (essential amino acids) and energy, they provide other key nutrients such as vitamins, essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), pigments and sterols, which are transferred through the food chain. The marine microalgae Pavlova viridis has been tested for the enrichment of live feed organisms for the feeding of Atlantic cod larvae, aiming to utilise the essential unsaturated long-chain fatty acids derived from Pavlova viridis. The main advantage of Pavlova is that it contains both docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in contrast to other microalgae which mostly contain either one or the other Essential Fatty Acid (EFA). In this study, the impact of Pavlova-enriched live feed on the survival, growth and feeding performance of Atlantic cod larvae, and on the bacterial community structure in the culture system, the larvae and the enriched live feed was evaluated. This treatment was compared to a commercially available formulated enrichment product and the marine microalgae, Nannochloropsis sp., which is known for its green water suitability but also its lack of significant amounts of DHA. Key information: Potentially, a favourable fatty acid supply for larval stages can also support not only the growth and health state of the larvae, but can also lay the foundation for a better fatty acid profile at all stages of the lifecycle. The results of this study showed that Pavlova viridis does indeed have a high potential for use in fish larvae nutrition. The Pavlova treatment revealed high growth rates of the cod larvae. The growth results were comparable with those of larvae of the commercial enrichment group. The ingestion analysis clearly showed a higher feeding of the larvae of group Pavlova and control group (commercial product) in comparison to the Nannochloropsis group. Only 16

18 the survival rates of both algae groups were significantly lower than observed in the control group. End -User & Application: End-User 1: Aquaculture Industry ongrowing. Applications: Atlantic cod production could be improved by using enrichment products containing Pavlova. End-User 2: Aquaculture feed suppliers. Applications: New products for enriched hatchery feeds. End-User 3: Aquaculture scientific community. Applications: New knowledge about Atlantic cod larval nutritional requirements. Impact: The findings from this study indicate the potential of Pavlova viridis as an ingredient in enrichment nutrition to have positive effects on fish larvae health and growth development. This could lead to increased production/ development of Atlantic cod larvae and eventually to an increased market for farmed Atlantic cod as a result of a better profile (fatty acids). Use of Pavlova viridis in nutrition could also potentially be used positively in alternative species. 17 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS

19 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS KEY OUTPUT 7: Use of cold pressed hazelnut oil as a replacement to fish oil in diets of farmed juvenile meagre (Argyrosomus regius) Summary: This study examined the use of hazelnut oil as a replacement for fish oil in aquaculture feeds. Alternative feeds are needed to meet the needs of the rapidly growing aquaculture sector. At a glance: Full Title: Use of cold pressed hazelnut oil as a replacement to fish oil in diets of meagre up to 50g, measuring its effects on feed utilisation, body composition, growth, and lipid deposition. Knowledge Type: Report Where to find it: Not yet available Who to contact for more information: Oğuz Taşbozan; E: tasbozan@cu.edu.tr, tasbozan@yahoo.com; T: /2961 Patents or other IPR exploitation: No This research was carried out under AQUAEXCEL Transnational Access HCMR Aqualabs Introduction Fish oil is a basic ingredient in food developed for carnivorous aquaculture species including meagre (Argyrosomus regius). This is principally because it provides an almost perfect fatty acid profile for most aquatic species as well as proving to be an ideal energy source. However, the rapid growth of world aquaculture, combined with the finite nature of sustainable feed fisheries, has meant that there is a need to work towards reducing dependency on fish oil by identifying suitable alternatives. Key information: This report investigates the effect of fish oil replacement by hazelnut oil in feed for meagre. To do so, six levels of fish oil substitution by hazelnut oil were tested (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%) in diets having optimum protein (50%) and lipid (17%) levels in juvenile meagre (15g size) for a period of 12 weeks. Where substitution was less than 100%, the balance was made up of traditional fish oil supply. Coldpressed hazelnut oil was used in the experiment (suitable for direct human consumption, obtained by mechanical means only, without heat treatment). Preliminary results have shown that hazelnut oil can substitute 40% of fish oil in the diet of meagre. The effect of the substitution has been evaluated in terms of specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, feed consumption and whole body proximate composition. The study provides valuable information on product quality using a cost effective and ecologically important equivalent to fish oil. End-User & Application: End-User 1: Aquaculture feed manufacturers in the Mediterranean region. Applications: Aquaculture feed suppliers will have information about the use of an additional and alternative source of oil in fish diets. End-User 2: Hazelnut producers. Applications: An additional use of their product after the application of regulations on plant origin oils. End-User 3: Meagre fish farms. Applications: Choice of an alternative feed ingredient without compromising quality. Impact: Mainly ecological. In line with the use of other alternative oil sources, it is expected that the use of hazelnut oil in aquaculture feeds will reduce pressure on fish stocks as a source of fish oil in aquaculture. Impact of this knowledge could be shown in the number of feed trials being run by meagre feed producers, by an increase in demand of hazelnut oil supplementation and by an increasing choice of meagre feed types. 18

20 KEY OUTPUT 8: Substitution of fish meal by insect (Tenebrio molitor) meal in the diet of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the use of insect meal as fish meal substitute in diets of European sea bass. At a glance: Full Title: Substitution of fish meal by insect (Tenebrio molitor) meal in the diet of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles Knowledge Type: Scientific Publication Where to find it: Not currently publicly available Who to contact for more information: Gasco Laura, l Università di Torino; E: laura.gasco@unito.it. Stavros Chatzifotis, The Hellenic Centre for Marine Research; E: stavros@her.hcmr.gr Patents or other IPR exploitation: No This research was carried out under AQUAEXCEL Transnational Access at HCMR Aqualabs Introduction The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the use of insect meal (Tenebrio molitor) as fish meal substitute in diets of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) with regard to growth performance and feed utilisation. Performances that were monitored include initial body weight (individual and total biomass), final body weight (individual and total biomass), mortality %, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion rate, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio. Moreover, analyses of the whole body composition (proximate analyses and fatty acids profile) were also observed. The trial lasted 70 days and used three levels of substitution of fish meal by insect meal (TM) namely 0% (control group), 25% and 50%. The insect meal used in this trial was obtained from China. In Europe, insect meal production is currently developing, and recently insects have been authorised for fish feeds in aquaculture (EC 56/2013). Therefore, in the near future it will be possible to work with insects produced in European countries as a more sustainable alternative to fish meal, as reported by recent FAO indications. End-User & Application: End-User 1: Aquaculture scientific community. Applications: The results will increase knowledge on the use of a new protein sourse in the diet of European sea bass. End-User 2: Aquaculture Industry fish feed suppliers. Applications: Development of feed formulations based on sustainable protein sources (insects) characterised by high biological value and low competitiveness with human nutrition. End-User 3: Aquaculture marketing and lobby groups. Applications: Use of this knowledge as evidence of an adapting sector which is becoming more sustainable with less negative impact on the environment. Impact: Overall the impact can be seen as mainly ecological. Specific impacts to be seen in the number of feed trials being run by European sea bass producers, by an increase in demand of insect meal supplementation, and by an increasing variety of sea bass feed types. Key information: The results showed that the substitution of TM up to 25% did not lead to adverse effects on weight gain, but that at the 50% level TM induced growth reduction and less favourable outcomes for both specific growth rate and feed consumption ratio. Protein efficiency ratio and feed consumption were not affected by the inclusion of TM and the whole body proximate composition analysis did not show any differences between treatments. However, TM inclusion influenced the fatty acid composition of body lipids. In particular, a decrease in the contents of EPA and DHA were observed with the increase of the inclusion to 50% TM. 19 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS

21 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS AQUAEXCEL MEDIA CENTRE A range of dissemination materials have been produced to effectively communicate and disseminate the outputs of the AQUAEXCEL project to its lead users, key stakeholders and the wider public. These materials are available in the Media Centre on the AQUAEXCEL website. euronews Documentary A short documentary about AQUAEXCEL, entitled A tasty and sustainable future for fish farming, has been produced by Euronews in cooperation with European Commission DG Research and DG Connect. The video discusses the main objectives of AQUAEXCEL and includes interviews with AQUAEXCEL coordinator, Marc Vandeputte (INRA) and partners Edwige Quillet (INRA) and Ep Eding (WUR). The video was published in June It is available in 13 languages, and has been broadcast to 155 countries. For more details please visit: Introduction to AQUAEXCEL Video A short video was produced which provides an introduction to the AQUAEXCEL project. The video, which aims to raise awareness of the project, can be viewed via com/ or by visiting the AQUAEXCEL project website: 20

22 Posters Two posters were specially designed to disseminate information about AQUAEXCEL and its results at the 2013 Aquaculture Europe conference ( Making Sense of Science Knowledge Management to support technological development and innovation, Trondheim (Norway), 9-12 August 2013). Title: AQUAEXCEL Access Top Class Aquaculture Research Infrastructures Title: AQUAEXCEL Development of an E-infrastructure for Remote Access to Research Facilities in Aquaculture Newsletter The AQUAEXCEL newsletter provides an annual update from the project, including meeting reports, training course feedback and information on TNA. The final issue will be published in February KEY ACHIEVEMENTS

23 KEY ACHIEVEMENTS

24 1 2 AQUAEXCEL s PROMOTING EXCELLENCE IN EUROPEAN FISH RESEARCH THROUGH: Open Calls for Access to Aquaculture Infrastructures AQUAEXCEL invites proposals from European research groups for scientific research that utilises the facilities of any of the participating Aquaculture Research Infrastructures. Interested researchers can propose projects that are compliant with the EATiP Strategic Research & Innovation Agenda and will involve one or two researchers visiting a Research Infrastructure that provides facilities not available in their own country for periods of up to three months. Access to the research facilities and associated travel and subsistence expenses will be paid for under the project. The final Call for Access is now open, with a deadline of the 12th September Aquaculture Research Infrastructures Map The AQUAEXCEL Aquaculture Research Infrastructure Map is an integrated online infobase listing all aquaculture research infrastructures in Europe and associated countries, including non-aquaexcel partners. To add your Research Infrastructure to the AQUAEXCEL online infobase, go to: 3 AQUAEXCEL s Aquaculture Training Courses COURSE 1 Title: Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Technology Course Provider: Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University (the Netherlands), with the expertise of NOFIMA, IFREMER and IMARES Location: Wageningen University, the Netherlands Date: April 2013 COURSE COMPLETE COURSE 2 Title: Applications of Genomic Information to Selective Breeding in Aquaculture of Temperate and Mediterranean Fish Course Provider: INRA Location: Jouy-en-Josas, France Date: October 2013 COURSE COMPLETE COURSE 3 Title: Chromosome Set Manipulations and the Importance of Gamete Collection and Management, including Sperm Cryopreservation Course Provider: Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling Location: Stirling, UK Date: November 2013 COURSE COMPLETE COURSE 4 Title: Efficient Design of Fish Larval Experiments Utilising New Monitoring and Control Systems Course Provider: NTNU and SINTEF Sealab Location: University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway Date: April 2014 COURSE COMPLETE For more information about these courses, please visit The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/ ) under grant agreement no This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the European Union cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Designed and developed by AquaTT