Flax production management in Manitoba. Effect of Seeding Date

Transcription

1 production management in Manitoba D. McAndrew, S. Duguid, K. Rashid Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada - Morden Research Station Morden, MB 1 ABSTRACT Increasing flax productivity is a challenging. Provincial average yields have remained near 20 bus/ac for many years. Yields can be highly variable. A number of management factors can improve yield. Seeding date has been found to have extreme impact on the yield and quality of flax. production per acre in Manitoba has remained constant for a number of years. Studies have been conducted at Morden and elsewhere to determine agronomic practices that improve producer's returns. Minor differences in fertilizer placement can result in yield improvements. The nitrogen fertility requirements of current flax cultivars, which have improved to resistance to lodging, have been evaluated. There have been improvements in response to nitrogen compared to cultivars of 20 to 30 years ago. Studies that evaluate the impact of tillage systems indicate that flax is not impacted by reduced tillage, other than a significant reduction in the tendency for lodging. Disease investigations have led to the development of new lines that are more resistant to the major flax diseases and to the development of usage information for seed treatments and foliar applications of fungicides. These studies will be summarized to try to indicate the management practices that have the most potential to increase yield and reduce yield variability. 2 Effect of Seeding Date ` Days to 90% Seeding Days to brown Yield Date '96 flowering bolls kg/ha 1. May b b 21.5 b 2. May a 96.6 a 29.6 a Date '97 1. May b 91.8 a.4 a 2. June a b 19.3 b Date '98 1. May b b 24.6 b 2. May a 95.9 a 28.6 a 3 4 Zero-Tillage Seeder Effect Yield kg ha Disc Drill Hoe Drill Linola 947 Linola989 AC McDuff NorMan Cultivar 5 Disc Drill Hoe Drill 6

2 2000 ESTIMATED CROP PRODUCTION COSTS (DOLLARS PER ACRE) A. Operating Costs Seed & Treatment $11.48 $10.80 Fertilizer $23.59 $20.70 Herbicide $23.50 $23.00 Fungicide $0.00 $0.00 Insecticide $0.00 $0.00 Fuel $11.25 $11.25 Machinery Operating $10.00 $10.00 Crop Insurance $5.90 $5.75 Other Costs $7.50 $7.50 Land Taxes $5.50 $5.50 Drying Costs $0.00 $0.00 Interest on Operating $3.95 $3.78 Total Operating $ $98.28 B. Fixed Costs Land Investment Costs $.50 $.50 Machinery Depreciation $17.50 $17.50 Machinery Investment $8.75 $8.75 Storage Costs $2.32 $2.32 Total Fixed $51.07 $51.07 Total Operating & Fixed $ $ C. Labour $ $ Total Costs $ $ ESTIMATED CROP PRODUCTION COSTS (DOLLARS PER ACRE) A. Operating Costs Seed & Treatment $11.05 $7.71 Fertilizer $28.14 $24.60 Herbicide $23.50 $25.00 Fungicide $8.50 $0.00 Insecticide $0.00 $0.00 Fuel $12.50 $12.50 Machinery Operating $10.00 $10.00 Crop Insurance $5.20 $4.90 Other Costs $7.50 $7.50 Land Taxes $6.00 $6.00 Drying Costs $0.00 $0.00 Interest on Operating $4.92 $4.30 Total Operating $ $ B. Fixed Costs Land Investment Costs $.50 $.50 Machinery Depreciation $20.00 $20.00 Machinery Investment $10.00 $10.00 Storage Costs $2.32 $2.32 Total Fixed $54.82 $54.82 Total Operating & Fixed $ $ C. Labour $15.00 $15.00 Total Costs $ $ Breakeven Analysis per bushel Estimated Price/Unit $4.50 $5.25 Breakeven Yield: Operating Costs Operating & Fixed Costs Total Costs Dec 3 $324/t or $8.13 Breakeven 12/21 Breakeven Analysis per bushel Estimated Price/Unit Breakeven Yield: Ave. 20 bu/ac $4.50 $5.90 Operating Costs Operating & Fixed Costs Total Costs Cultivar AC McDuff 97 AC McDuff 00E AC McDuff 00L Nitrogen 0 lb/ac.9 Yield bu/ac lb/ac lb/ac lb/ac lb/ac lb/ac lb/ac NO 3 -N 48lb ac -1 :Seeded June 13, NO 3 -N 40 lb ac -1 : Seeded May 4 (E) and May 24 (L) 9 10 Effect of N on Yield and boll # kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha 1. 0 kg/ha Yield kg/ha bolls/sq m kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha Phosphorus Availability lb ac -1 Available P S S

3 seed side P P Plants m abc abc fg g h abc ab a ab cde efg bcd def Averaged over sites and years 13 kg/ha PSeed_30-Pside 10-PSeed_20-Pside 10-PSeed_10-Pside 10-PSeed_0-Pside 0-PSeed_40-Pside 0-PSeed_30-Pside 0-PSeed_20-Pside 0-PSeed_10-PSide 40-PSeed_0-Pside 30-PSeed_0-Pside 20-PSeed_0-Pside 10-PSeed_0-Pside 0-PSeed_0-Pside 14 Fertilizer treatments Plants to 90% seed side (kg ha -1 ) /sq m brown Yield P P 18-Jun-97 bolls kg/ha a ab 2414 ab ab a 2363 ab cd ab 2459 a bcd a 2389 ab d b 47 b ab ab 2416 ab abc a 2453 a ab ab 2380 ab ab ab 2378 ab ab ab 2361 ab ab ab 2318 ab abc ab 23 ab abc a 2375 ab kg/ha Zn effect CONTROL EDTA_sa ZnSO4-sa EDTA-bd EDTA-brd ZnSO4-bd ZnSO4-brd yield kg/ha 16 Glyphosate Effect Plants/ m2 Straw on Check 1 d before 3 d after % brown Yield kg/ha glyphosate 1 day pre-seeding Straw off Check 1 d before 3 d after

4 Use?? Most of the water used by flax is in the top 50 cm (18 inches) water use in 100 cm similar to wheat but wheat withdraws from entire depth whereas flax withdraws for top 50 cm Lodging 21 Lafond, 1998 water use in cm Tillage System ZT Total Spring 0-60 cm 23.7 Rainfall Soil Used 8.9 TABLE 4. Effects of Tillage Systems on Yields (bu./ac.) for Selected Growing Seasons, during the Eleven-Year Period. Tillage Hot 88 Dry 89 Normal 87 Above Average System Average Zero Conv. Total Crop Used 31.3 % Diff. CT ZT-CT Lafond,

5 Crop Sown RS Previous Crop (Stubble) Barley Oats Arg. Canola Relative Yields (% of Average) Field Peas RS Barley Oats Arg. Canola NSD* Field Peas NSD* New Cultivars AC Lighting (FP 1069) AC Hanley (FP 1094) FP 1096 (recommended 2001) Likely proposed for 2002 FP 2024 (AC) FP 2044 (CDC) SP 2047 (Agricore United) NSD* not sufficient data Disease out look Fusarium wilt Pasmo (septoria) Powdery mildew Rust (all current cultivars immune to current races) Seedling blights (seed treatment effective but seldom used) facts/index.html crops/flax/index.html/ aginfo/smgrains/staging.htm/ 28