Clearfield Oilseed Rape

Transcription

1 Clearfield Oilseed Rape HT tolerance impact on crop establishment, yield and seed oil quality of OSR 150 years Matthias Pfenning - BASF Agro EWRS HT Crop Working Group - Novi Sad May 2017

2 Agenda Introduction Clearfield Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) HT tolerance / mutations in Clearfield Related effects of the HT tolerance Crop establishment - lower risk of early crop injury Volunteer control (temporary) Transition to different oil quality HOLL ALS residues the hidden yield limitation 2

3 Clearfield OSR Brassica napus L. is an allotetraploid [1] plant comprised of the A and C genomes of Brassica. B. napus has 5 AHAS loci, however only AHASL1C and AHASL1A are expressed constitutively (active over the complete growing cycle) Tolerance in OSR / canola to imidazolinone herbicides is controlled by the two independent genes (PM1 and PM2), both of which must be homozygous in the final hybrid to achieve commercial tolerance. PM1 is located on the AHASL1C gene (C genome). PM2 is located on the AHASL1A gene (A genome). 1] Relating to a hybrid individual or cell with to or more chromosomes from two different ancestral species (Brassica napus = 4 genomes, AA from B. rapa and CC from B. oleracea); AACC 2n=4x=38 3

4 Clearfield tolerance in OSR The PM1 has a single nucleotide modification from G to A at codon 653, resulting in the S653N amino acid substitution of the AHAS1 enzyme. In contrast, the PM2 has a single basepair change from G to T at codon 574, resulting in the W574L amino acid substitution of the AHAS3 enzyme. Interestingly, the codon 574 mutation encodes AHAS that is cross resistant to all families of AHAS inhibitors but to a different extend (Tan et al., 2005; Tranel et al., 2005). 4

5 Grain and oil yield = (Hybrid potential - X ) What impacts the theoretical yield potential to be reached in in practice? Volunteer control and seed oil quality / purity Residual ALS-herbicides and the impact on yield HOLL OSR and the impact of volunteer control on oil quality Systemic differences cumulative effects example of isogenic hybrids Summary 5

6 W-OSR yield evolution OSR yield evolution-praxis vs. Official variety reg. trial (DE) yield dt/ha variety reg. trial Average farm yield dt/ha Source: official variety reistration trial result report WP2/ farm yield, Stat. Bundesamt Yield breeding progress is not full captured by farming practice 6

7 Yield limiting factors in WOSR Post harvest soil and straw management Crop establishment under dry conditions Weed control problems with pre-emergence herbicides Herbicide injury under adverse conditions Problematic weeds e.g. crucifers OSR volunteers quality dilution ALS Soil residues strip till auxin pre-em 7

8 Example: Barbarea vulgaris control - system comparison assessment date TnB=DAT untreated Clomazone Ethametsulfuron Clearfield Bifenox Cruciferous weed control superior with the HT-system difficult for the conventional herbicides 8

9 HT crop tolerance (ALS) How does HT crop tolerance differentiate besides weed control options? Volunteer control and hybrid potential Volunteer control and oil quality 9

10 Impact on variety purity due to volunteers Grain moisture Harvest point Plant architecture Pot shattering Disease pressure Lodging.. 10

11 Relation between number of volunteers and yield of OSR Low number of volunteers Yield High number of volunteers 11

12 Oil quality HOLL OSR = High Oleic Low Linolenic for frying applications Issue: C18:3 content (α-linolenic acid) still to high in the harvest. Volunteers of conventional OSR are identified as the most impacting factor on quality *Agroscop Changins-Wädenswil ACW D.Pellet, A.Baux

13 HOLL oilseed rape Very low alpha-linolenic acid OSR* *Agroscop Changins-Wädenswil ACW D.Pellet, A.Baux

14 HOLL oilseed rape Very low alpha-linolenic acid OSR* To guarantee high yield and low linolenic acid content, the main challenge is to limit: 1.Weed population that competes for resources and can spoil the oil quality (crucifers). 2.Oilseed rape volunteers from previous conventional OSR volunteers: 8-9 % C18:3 HOvLL: 2-3 % C18:3 the presence of volunteers in an HOLL field significantly increases the level of C18:3 of the harvest. *Agroscop Changins-Wädenswil ACW D.Pellet, A.Baux 2014 CONFIDENTIAL 14

15 Significant improvement of oil quality (increasing number of volunteers) Significant improvement of oil quality with the Clearfield HOLL variety *Agroscop Changins-Wädenswil ACW D.Pellet, A.Baux

16 The Clearfield system: trial results 2013 field trial with CL HOLL variety (50 seeds/m2) and artificial high conventional volunteers density (25/m2). 6 treatments; untreated control, pre-emergence herbicide (Devrinol top) or post-emergence CL herbicide (CL) with 4 application timings. *Agroscop Changins-Wädenswil ACW D.Pellet, A.Baux

17 The alternative way. Mechanical control of volunteers?? CONFIDENTIAL 17

18 ALS soil residues Dry conditions Spring ALS application timings in the pre-crop ALS graminicides with dicotyl weed effects Speed of degradation influenced by environmental and soil factors 18

19 Different degradation rates Degradation rate (DT 90F ) of different ALS Inhbitior herbicides under field condtions Degraddation rate DT90F (d) mean active ingrdient Herbicide example < 50 Trisulfuron Debut Foramsulfuron Maister Tribenuron Pointer Thifensulfuron Harmony Florasulam Primus > 50 bis 100 Tritosulfuron Biathlon Propoxycarbazone Attribut Amidosulfuron Hoestar Rimsulfuron Cato Pyroxsulam Broadway Flupyrsulfuron Lexus > 100 bis 150 Prosulfuron Peak Metsulfuron Gropper Iodosulfuron Husar Nicosulfuron Motivell Conventional Clearfield > 150 Triasulfuron Zoom Mesosulfuro n Atlantis Imazosulfuron Brazzos Sulfosulfuron Monitor Source: Lfl - Bayern Crop Protection Handbook CONFIDENTIAL 19

20 Crop establishment impacted by ALS residues conventional Clearfield Clearfield Clearfield conventional CONFIDENTIAL 20

21 Impact of ALS residues on OSR-yield (relative N = 4 BASF internal trial results) OSR Yield rel. 100 = 32,01 dt/ha CL Hybrids & 28,64 dt/ha non CL Hybrids Clearfield Clearfield Clearfield CONFIDENTIAL 21

22 Summary The HT OSR provides excellent crop tolerance postemergence application less / low risk of herbicide injury compared to pre-emergence systems Provides a better fit for minimum / no-or strip till system Provides an interims solution for volunteer control Supports the growing of specific oil type OSR e.g. HOLL Reduces the negative impact on ALS soil / spray tank herbicide residues In summary the HT crop tolerance provides more than pure weed control advantages. It supports the hybrids yield potential to be reached in practice. 22

23 Хвала на пажњи Thank you for your attention Danke für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit 23